Estridge: Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6th Edition

This book teaches prospective laboratory workers and allied health care professionals the basics of clinical laboratory procedures and the theories behind them. Performance-based to maximize hands-on learning, this "work-text" includes step-by-step instruction and worksheets to help users understand laboratory tests and procedures ranging from specimen collection and analysis, to instrumentation and CLIA and OSHA safety protocols. Students and working professionals alike will find Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6th Edition an easy-to-understand, reliable resource for developing and refreshing key laboratory skills.

Contents

• List of Figures and Tables.
• Preface.
• How to Use This Book.

Unit I: INTRODUCTION TO THE CLINICAL LABORATORY.

• The Clinical Laboratory.
• The Clinical Laboratory Professional.
• Medical Terminology.
• Laboratory Safety: Physical and Chemical Hazards.
• Laboratory Safety: Biological Hazards.
• General Laboratory Equipment.
• The Metric System.
• Preparing Laboratory Reagents.
• Quality Assessment.
• The Microscope.
• Capillary Puncture.
• Routine Venipuncture.

Unit II: BASIC HEMATOLOGY.

• Introduction to Hematology.
• Hemoglobin. Microhematocrit.
• The Hemacytometer.
• Manual RBC and WBC Counts.
• Platelet Count.
• Preparing and Staining a Blood Smear.
• Normal Blood Cell Morphology.
• White Blood Cell Differential Count.
• Principles of Automated Hematology.
• Abnormalities in Peripheral Blood Cell Morphology.
• Reticulocyte Count.
• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.

Unit III: BASIC HEMOSTASIS.

• Principles of Hemostasis.
• Disorders of Hemostasis.
• Coagulation Testing Methods.
• Prothrombin Time.
• Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time.
• D-Dimer.

Unit IV: BASIC IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY.

• Introduction to Immunology.
• Infectious Mononucleosis Tests.
• Test for Rheumatoid Factors.
• Urine hCG Tests.
• Introduction to Immunohematology.
• ABO Grouping.
• Rh Typing.

Unit V: URINALYSIS.

• Introduction to Urinalysis.
• Urine Collection and Processing.
• Physical Examination of Urine.
• Chemical Examination of Urine.
• Microscopic Examination of Urine Sediment.

Unit VI: BASIC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY.

• Introduction to Clinical Chemistry.
• Principles of Chemistry Instrumentation.
• Chemistry Specimen Collection and Processing.
• Point-of-Care Testing.
• Blood Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c.
• Blood Cholesterol and Triglycerides.
• Electrolytes.
• Fecal Occult Blood.

Unit VII: BASIC CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY.

• Introduction to Clinical Microbiology.
• Microbiology Specimen Collection and Processing.
• Culture Techniques for Bacteriology.
• The Gram Stain.
• Tests for Group A Streptococcus.
• Urine Culture and Colony Count. Bacterial Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing.
• Tests for Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
• Infection Prevention in Health-Care Settings.
• Public Health Issue: Emerging Infectious Diseases.
• Public Health Issue: Biological Threats.

Unit VIII: BASIC PARASITOLOGY.

• Introduction to Parasitology.
• Collecting and Processing of Specimens for Parasite Detection.
• Microscopic Methods of Detecting Intestinal Parasites.
• Preparing Smears for Blood Parasites.

Glossary.

Appendix A: Guide to Standard Precautions.

Appendix B: Laboratory Reference Values.

Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms Commonly Used in Clinical Laboratories.

Appendix D: Sources of Information: Health Care Accrediting and Credentialing Agencies, Professional Societies, Governmental Agencies.

Index.

Key Features

• Full-color photographs and illustrations depict the laboratory setting today and aid in visual organization.
• Colorful graphic icons and in-text features center on safety precautions, critical timing, math skills, quality assurance, and other important issues.
• Suggested web-based activities and numerous review questions throughout the book reinforce readings and laboratory practice worksheets to let users assess their progress.
• Since safety is always a priority in clinical settings, these procedures are strongly emphasized throughout the lessons, particularly the safety devices, procedures, and technologies that prevent needle-stick injury.

New to this edition

• Expanded and updated lessons include all of the best elements of earlier editions--Objectives, Glossary, Review Questions, and Student Performance Guides—along with significant enhancements to every lesson in order to convey the most current accepted practices.
• Exciting new technologies and instrumentation such as nephelometry, turbidimetry, and automated laboratory transport systems, as well as bar code use on requisition forms, patient I.D. bracelets, and patient specimens, have all been added.
• Appealing visual enhancements including new photomicrographs of normal and abnormal blood cells add interest to the study of blood cell morphology, while many new tables and graphs for deeper understanding.
• All-new specimen lessons include chemistry specimen collection and processing, collection of specimens for microbiology, and the use of transport media.
• Newly added, helpful case studies and critical thinking questions require readers to apply principles from the lesson to solve problems, preparing them for on-the-job decision making.

About the Author

• Barbara H. Estridge is a retired instructor of medical technology and research associate in the College of Science & Mathematics at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama. Her experience includes working at the hospital bench, teaching clinical laboratory courses, biological and biomedical research, clinical laboratory management, and more.
• Anna P. Reynolds is a retired instructor of medical technology and a research coordinator at the College of Agriculture at Auburn University. She taught both hospital and university Medical Technology, Medical Laboratory Technician, and Medical Laboratory Assistant programs. Her experience includes clinical and research experience in hematology, chemistry, urinalysis, microbiology, parasitology, and immunology.

Book Details

• Paperback: 816 pages
• Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning; 6 edition (November 18, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1111138362
• ISBN-13: 978-1111138363

List Price: $135.95 

 

White: Basic Clincial Lab Competencies for Respiratory Care: An Integrated Approach 5th Edition

A long time favorite, the fifth edition of Basic Clinical Lab Competencies For Respiratory Care: An Integrated Approach continues to bring classroom theory to life at the bedside. Known for its integration of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, this text emphasizes the importance of assessment of need, contraindications, hazards/complications, monitoring, and outcomes assessment in respiratory care. Concise, direct, and easy to understand, this fifth edition has been updated to reflect recent advances in the field in order to ensure that students have the knowledge and skills needed to practice the art and the science of respiratory care.

 

Contents

Section I: PATIENT ASSESSMENT.

• 1. Basics of Asepsis
• 2. Basic Patient Assessment: Vital Signs and Breath Sounds.
• 3. Advanced Patient Assessment: Inspection, Palpation, and Percussion.
• 4. Radiologic Assessment.
• 5. Pulmonary Function Testing.
• 6. Electrocardiography.
• 7. Phlebotomy.
• 8. Arterial Blood Gas Sampling.
• 9. Hemodynamic Monitoring.
• 10. Noninvasive Monitoring.

Section II: THERAPEUTICS.

• 11. Documentation and Goals Assessment.
• 12. Oxygen Supply Systems.
• 13. Oxygen Administration.
• 14. Introduction to Respiratory Care Pharmacology.
• 15. Humidity and Aerosol Therapy.
• 16. Bronchial Hygiene Therapy.
• 17. Hyperinflation Therapy.
• 18. Bronchoscopy Assisting.
• 19. Equipment Processing and Surveillance.

Section III: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT.

• 20. Emergency Airway Management.
• 21. Artificial Airway Care.
• 22. Chest Tubes.
• 23. Insertion and Maintenance of Intravenous Lines.

Section IV: VENTILATION.

• 24. Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation.
• 25. Continuous Mechanical Ventilation.
• 26. Advanced Modes of Mechanical Ventilation.
• 27. Wave Form Analysis.
• 28. Weaning and Discontinuance of Mechanical Ventilation.
• 29. Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation.

Appendix. Answers to Self Evaluation Post Tests.

Glossary.

Index.

Key Features

• The integration of theory and psychomotor knowledge gives students a better understanding of skill application to real life practice.
• The text is organized around the NBRC content matrix so that students can use the text as an NBRC study aid.
• The inclusion of AARC Clinical Practice Guidelines makes this text a one source reference for skills and CPGs.

New to this edition

• Existing chapters have been updated and revised to reflect changes in the scope of practice.
• The ventilation section has been extensively revised including updates in non-invasive ventilation, pressure and volume ventilation, advanced modes of ventilation, neonatal pediatric ventilation, and oscillatory ventilation.
• Material has been updated to reflect recent changes in the field. For example, this new edition contains updates to commonly used terminology, a list of the Joint Commission abbreviations that should not be used in documentation, revised information on contact transmission, updated AARC Clinical Practice Guidelines, and updated drug information.
• Instructor materials have been added to assist in preparing for classes. Instructors will now have a computerized testbank, instructor presentations in Power PointTM, an Instructor's manual, and an image library.

About the Author

• Gary C. White, M.Ed., RRT, CPFT is the program director of the Respiratory Care Program at Spokane Community College, where he has been teaching since 1992. He previously held the rank of Assistant Professor of Respiratory Care at Weber State University from 1982 to 1992. He holds a master's degree from Weber State University in Education, a bachelor's degree in Biology from the University of Puget Sound, and an associate's degree in Respiratory Therapy from Highline Community College. Gary's avocation is writing. He has authored three text books in respiratory care and is currently working on a manuscript for his fourth title.

Book Details

• Paperback: 250 pages
• Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning; 5 edition (January 15, 2012)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1435453654
• ISBN-13: 978-1435453654

List Price: $130.95 

 

Ridley: Parasitology for Medical and Clinical Laboratory Professionals

Parasitology for Medical and Clinical Laboratory Professionals guides your students in understanding the background, source, recovery, and identification of a well-representative range of organisms that commonly affect humans. 

This text organizes a complex set of topics into an understandable and easy-to-read format that will help your students learn more about parasitic infections and how to effectively collect and prepare samples, aiding in the diagnosis of parasitosis. 

The subtle differences between similar parasitic organisms are explained in a simple and easily understood manner, increasing the likelihood that your students will be able to recover the parasites, prepare them for identification and, subsequently, ensure effective treatment. 

Key Features

• Provides a strong background on the origins of parasites and the damages they may cause to the human body.
• Describes each major group of parasites based on body sites the organisms predominantly infect.
• Instructs students on the life cycles, recovery, identification, and treatment of various parasitic organisms.
• Microscopic Diagnostic Tools throughout the book consist of standardized lists of distinguishing characteristics of microscopic parasites for easy identification.
• Presents methodology for recovering parasitic organisms from body wastes and secretions, identifying them, and preparing slides for microscopic evaluation in the laboratory procedures chapter.

Contents

• 1. Background and History of Parasites.
• 2. Epidemiology and Conditions Contributing to Parasitic Infestations.
• 3. Protozoal Microorganisms as Intestinal Parasites
• 4. Blood (intracellular) and Other Tissue Protozoa
• 5. Description of Nematodes, Cestodes, Trematodes.
• 6. Intestinal Nematodes.
• 7. Intestinal Cestodes.
• 8. Intestinal Trematodes.
• 9. Tissue Parasites.
• 10. Ectoparasites.
• 11. Organisms Borne by Tick Vectors.
• 12. Laboratory Procedures for Identifying Parasitic Organisms and Their Ova.

About the Author

John W. Ridley has been involved in training and education for most of his life and has been an active health care educator since 1992. Mr. Ridley has taught a number of academic science courses, as well as initiating two MLT/CLT programs at two separate educational institutions. As the Allied Health Director of a technical college, he has also initiated several other programs, including Veterinary Technology and Pharmacy Technology. John W. Ridley has been a patient care technician, a respiratory therapy assistant, a combat medic in the Vietnam Conflict and a medical laboratory technician at Brooke Army Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston in Texas. He also served in Desert Shield and Desert Storm, where many service persons were treated for a variety of parasitic infections.
Mr. Ridley is a licensed registered nurse and holds a Doctoral Degree in Health and Human Services, with an emphasis in Psychology. It is Mr. Ridley's belief that health care providers of all disciplines should have a broad theoretical background in all major areas impacting health on a global basis. His wide experience as a medical technologist, along with his added skills from the nursing and human services fields, lends a unique blend to his writing.

Product Details

• Paperback: 336 pages
• Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning; 1 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1435448162
• ISBN-13: 978-1435448162
• Product Dimensions: 9.9 x 8 x 0.6 inches

List Price: $52.95 

Williamson: Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests 9th edition

Wallach’s Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests, now in its Ninth Edition, has been completely revised and updated by a new author team from the Department of Hospital Laboratories/UMass Memorial Medical Center faculty who are carrying on the tradition of Jacques Wallach’s teachings. This text serves as a practical guide to the use of laboratory tests which aids physicians in using tests more effectively and efficiently by offering test outcomes, possible meanings, differential diagnosis, and summaries of tests available.

The book has been reorganized into 2 sections. The first section is devoted to an alphabetical listing of laboratory tests while stressing the integration of the clinical laboratory in the clinical decision making process. Test sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative infectious disease probabilities are included whenever appropriate. Microbiology tests are listed in a separate chapter. The second section is devoted to disease states. Where appropriate, a patient’s chief complaint and/or physical findings are initially presented with subsequent discussions focused on discrete disease states as they relate to a patient’s chief complaint. Current molecular diagnostic testing, cytogenetics, common pitfalls, test limitations, and identification of appropriate tests for specific clinical presentations are also addressed.

Contents 

• 1 Introduction to Laboratory Medicine 
• 2 Laboratory Tests 
• 3 Infectious Diseases Assays 
• 4 Cardiovascular Disorders 
• 5 Central Nervous System Disorders 
• 6 Digestive Diseases 
• 7 Endocrine Diseases 
• 8 Renal and Urinary Tract Diseases 
• 9 Gynecologic and Obstetric Disorders 
• 10 Hematologic Disorders 
• 11 Hereditary and Genetic Diseases 
• 12 Immune and Autoimmune Diseases 
• 13 Infectious Diseases 
• 14 Respiratory, Metabolic, and Acid-Base Disorders 
• 15 Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 
• Appendix: Abbreviations and Acronyms 
• Index

Ninth Edition highlights include:

• Detailed listing and description of routine and esoteric tests listed alphabetically with information on when to order and how to interpret the test results based on evidence-based laboratory medicine.
• Information on how to work up patients with specific symptoms and the appropriate lab tests to order
• Up-to-date test procedures including molecular diagnostic tests
• Detailed microbiology chapter of infectious disease states
• A companion website, http://solution.lww.com/wallachstests9e with additional online-only content, an image bank with algorithms and tables which can be easily exported into PPT for lectures and presentations, and access to a complimentary mobile application.

Product Details

• Paperback: 1160 pages
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; Ninth edition (June 29, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1605476676
• ISBN-13: 978-1605476674
• Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6 x 1.2 inches

List Price: $74.95

Pagana: Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 10th Edition

Access the clinically relevant information you need easily in any setting with Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference, 10th Edition. This bestselling handbook provides concise coverage of tests without sacrificing important details. Each test entry includes, where relevant, alternate or abbreviated test names; type of test; normal findings; possible critical values; test explanation and related physiology; contraindications; potential complications; interfering factors; procedure and patient care (before, during, and after); and abnormal findings. Related tests are extensively cross-referenced throughout the book. With its simple format and portable size, this is a handy reference you'll always want by your side.

Key Features

• Tests are organized alphabetically with A-to-Z thumb tabs for quick reference.
• UNIQUE! Each test entry begins on a new page, making tests easy to find.
• Normal findings for adult (male and female), elderly, and pediatric patients are included where applicable to provide complete clinical data.
• Possible critical values are highlighted to alert you to situations requiring immediate intervention.
• Symbol next to drug-related interfering factors alerts you to the effects of pharmacologic agents on tests.
• Increased and decreased abnormal findings are highlighted with directional arrows.
• Icon for patient teaching-related care indicates information to share with patients and their families.
• UNIQUE! Each test concludes with a Notes section where you can add your own information.
• User's Guide to Test Preparation and Performance provides an overview and guidelines for each type of laboratory test and diagnostic procedure to ensure safety and accuracy.
• Lists of tests by body system and test type allow you to quickly locate related studies.
• Abbreviations for tests are listed inside the front and back covers, and symbols and units of measurement are listed in an appendix.
• UNIQUE! Durable cover with round edges helps prevent the book from being damaged and makes it easier to handle.

New to This Edition

32 NEW tests, including:  

• age-related macular degeneration risk analysis, 
• cell culture drug resistance testing, 
• flourescein angiography, 
• HIV drug resistance testing, 
• urea breath test, 
• virus testing, and 
• Vitamin D testing, 
• present the latest information on diagnostic and laboratory testing.

Contents

• User's Guide to Test Preparation and Performance
• List of Figures
• Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, A to Z

Appendices

• Appendix A: List of Tests by Body Systems
• Appendix B: List of Tests by Test Type
• Appendix C: Disease and Organ Panels
• Appendix D: Symbols and Units of Measurement

Bibliography

Index

Author Information

• Kathleen Deska Pagana, PhD, RN, Professor Emeritus, Department of Nursing, Lycoming College; President, Pagana Keynotes and Presentations, Williamsport, PA. 
• Timothy J. Pagana, MD, FACS, Medical Director, The Kathryn Candor Lundy Breast Health Center and The SurgiCenter, Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport, PA.

Product Details

• Paperback: 1152 pages
• Publisher: Mosby; 10 edition (November 16, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0323074057
• ISBN-13: 978-0323074056
• Product Dimensions: 7.6 x 4.7 x 1.5 inches

List Price: $48.95

Linne and Ringsrud's Clinical Laboratory Science 6th Edition

Updated and easy-to-use, Linne & Ringsrud's Clinical Laboratory Science: The Basics and Routine Techniques, 6^th Edition delivers a fundamental overview of the laboratory skills and techniques essential for success in your classes and your career. Author Mary Louise Turgeon's simple, straightforward writing clarifies complex concepts, and a discipline-by-discipline approach helps you build the knowledge to confidently perform clinical laboratory tests and ensure accurate, effective results.

Key Features 

• Expert insight from respected educator and author Mary Louise Turgeon reflects the full spectrum of clinical laboratory science.
• Engaging full-color design and illustrations familiarize you with what you'll see under the microscope.
• Streamlined approach makes must-know concepts and practices more accessible.
• Broad scope provides an ideal introduction to clinical laboratory science at various levels, including MLS/MLT and Medical Assisting.
• Hands-on procedures guide you through the exact steps you'll perform in the lab.
• Learning objectives help you identify key chapter content and study more effectively.
• Case studies challenge you to apply concepts to realistic scenarios.
• Review questions at the end of each chapter help you assess your understanding and identify areas requiring additional study.
• A companion Evolve website provides convenient online access to procedures, glossary, audio glossary and links to additional information.

New to this edition

• Updated instrumentation coverage familiarizes you with the latest technological advancements in clinical laboratory science.
• Perforated pages make it easy for you to take procedure instructions with you into the lab.
• Enhanced organization helps you study more efficiently and quickly locate the information you need.
• Convenient glossary provides fast, easy access to definitions of key terms. 

Contents 

Part I Basic Laboratory Techniques

• Chapter 1 Fundamentals of the Clinical Laboratory
• Chapter 2 Safety in the Clinical Laboratory
• Chapter 3 Phlebotomy: Collecting and Processing Blood
• Chapter 4 Systems of Measurement, Laboratory Equipment, and Reagents
• Chapter 5 The Microscope
• Chapter 6 Basic and New Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory
• Chapter 7 Laboratory Mathematics and Solution Preparation
• Chapter 8 Quality Assessment and Quality Control in the Clinical Laboratory
• Chapter 9 Point-of-Care Testing
• Chapter 10 Laboratory Information Systems and Automation

Part II Clinical Laboratory Specializations

• Chapter 11 Introduction to Clinical Chemistry
• Chapter 12 Principles and Practice of Clinical Hematology
• Chapter 13 Introduction to Hemostasis
• Chapter 14 Renal Physiology and Urinalysis
• Chapter 15 Examination of Body Fluids and Miscellaneous Specimens
• Chapter 16 Introduction to Microbiology
• Chapter 17 Immunology and Serology
• Chapter 18 Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine

Author Information

• Mary Louise Turgeon, EdD, MT(ASCP), CLS(NCA), Clinical Professor, Program Director, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Northeastern University Boston, MA; Clinical Adjunct Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tufts University Boston, MA.

Product Details

• Paperback: 680 pages
• Publisher: Mosby; 6 edition (January 25, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0323067824
• ISBN-13: 978-0323067829
• Product Dimensions: 10.2 x 7.3 x 1 inches

List Price: $79.95

Leeuwen: Davis's Comprehensive Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing Implications 4th Edition

The information nurses need…when, where, and how they need it!

Here’s the information nurses and nursing students need to know about laboratory and diagnostic tests! This nursing-focused, easy-to-read handbook provides all of the information you need to understand how tests work, interpret their results, and provide quality patient care—pre-test, intra-test, and post-test.

Tests and procedures are listed in alphabetical order by their complete name for quick reference. The integrated index allows fast searches by abbreviation, synonym, disease/disorder, specimen type, or test classification. Plus, a Body Systems Appendix includes a list of common laboratory and diagnostic tests for each body system as well as nutrition-related lab tests.

Table of Contents

• About This Book
• Preface
• Monographs
• System Tables
• Appendices
• Patient Preparation and Specimen Collection
• Potential Nursing Diagnoses Associated with Laboratory and Diagnostic Testing
• Guidelines for Age-Specific Communication
• Transfusion Reactions: Laboratory Findings and Potential Nursing Interventions
• Introduction to CLIA
• Effects of Natural Products on Laboratory Values
• Standard and Universal Precautions
• Laboratory Critical Findings
• Diagnostic Critical Findings
• Bibliography
• Index

Key Features

• Monographs each written specifically to focus on what you need to do before, during, and after each laboratory and diagnostic test.
• Pathophysiology information, so you know why a lab test result is increased or decreased.
• Reference Ranges expressed in both conventional and SI units (with the SI unit conversion factor) include age- and gender-specific variations when indicated; and normal variations due to cultural considerations.
• Interfering Factors identified including food, natural products, timing of test, handling of specimen, underlying patient conditions, and drugs that may interfere with the results of the test.
• Headers highlight “Sensitivity to Social and Cultural Issues” and “Nutritional Considerations” for each test, where appropriate.
• Full-color tube top guide on the inside front and back covers.
• Unique coverage of laboratory and diagnostic tests for subspecialties, such as maternity, therapeutic drug monitoring, nutrition and sensory.
• Cross referencing of related lab and diagnostic tests in every monograph.
• “Body System” appendix that includes therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology and nutrition-related lab tests.
• And, much more!

New to this edition

• NEW! FREE, one-year subscription to www.LabDxTest.com, powered by Unbound Medicine®.
• New! Common Use header for each monograph to provide an at-a-glance description of what the test is for, presented in everyday language that can be quoted to patients.
• New! Header and expanded content for Patient Teaching.
• Expanded content in each monograph on Patient Safety.
• Diagnostic imaging monographs now with explanations of the reasons for the test result.
• Thoroughly revised and updated throughout to reflect the most current information.

About the Authors

• Anne M. Van Leeuwen, MA, BS, MT (ASCP), Technical Supervisor, Yuma Operations, Sonora Quest Laboratories, Yuma, Arizona.
• Debra J. Poelhuis-Leth, MS, RT (R)(M), Director, Radiography Program, Montgomery County Community College, Pottstown, Pennsylvania.
• Mickey L. Bladh, RN, MSN, Coordinator, Nurse Educator, Presbyterian Intercommunity Hospital, Whittier, California.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 1563 pages
• Publisher: F.A. Davis Company; 4 edition (January 18, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0803623046
• ISBN-13: 978-0803623040
• Product Dimensions: 8.2 x 5.3 x 1.9 inches

List Price: $47.95

Edelstein: Biomarkers in Kidney Disease

The importance of developing and defining biomarkers of kidney diseases that can be used for early diagnosis, assessment of severity, and long term prognosis has been emphasized by the American Society of Nephrology and the National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Over the last ten years, there has been exponential growth in research on biomarkers of kidney diseases. Preclinical studies have been taken to the bedside and it is now possible to use biomarkers to diagnose certain kidney diseases at an earlier stage than has been possible with conventional tests. This prospect of early diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases has made biomarker research one of the most exciting areas of kidney research.

The prevention or attenuation of the severity of disease necessitates early detection. In recent years this has been a focus relative to kidney disease. Biomarkers in Kidney Disease edited by Charles Edelstein summarizes advances in early detection and assessment of severity in an array of important kidney diseases. State of the art techniques, including metabolomics and proteomics, are discussed in areas of acute kidney injury, kidney transplantation, renal cancer, diabetic nephropathy and other glomerular diseases, as well as in preeclampsia.

Biomarkers in Kidney Disease is a seminal book, because nephrology has lagged behind other subspecialties in performing interventional trials which can improve the lives of their patients. A major reason is because the tools to detect kidney disease at the early stage have heretofore not been available. As in all diseases, prevention and attenuation of severity necessitates early intervention. The emergence of sensitive biomarkers of early kidney disease now has the potential to allow early detection and inter vention. With this book there is now a source which provides up to date and important information by distinguished authors about biomarkers available to detect early kidney disease.

Biomarkers of Kidney Disease offers a thorough examination of the latest findings in the field for both the practicing physician as well as the biomedical researcher. Coverage includes biomarkers of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, kidney transplant rejection, delayed kidney allograft function, renal cell cancer, glomerular disease, diabetic nephropathy, and preeclampsia. This book is the most comprehensive reference yet published on the topic of biomarkers of kidney diseases.

Contents
Chapter 1 - Characteristics of an Ideal Biomarker of Kidney Diseases
1. The Discovery of Biomarkers 1
2. Characteristics of an Ideal Biomarker 4
3. Biomarkers in Acute Kidney Injury 6
4. Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease 11
5. The Example of NGAL as a Biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury 14
Chapter 2 - Statistical Considerations in Analysis and Interpretation of Biomarker Studies
1. Introduction 25
2. Planning a Study 27
2.1. Research objectives for assessing biomarker performance 27
2.2. Explore covariates that may affect biomarker values 27
2.3. Avoid overfitting 28
3. Statistical Methods to Quantify Classification Performance 28
3.1. True positive rate (TPR) and false positive rate (FPR) 28
3.1.1. Example e urine biomarker predicts AKI after cardiac surgery 29
3.2. ROC curve 30
3.3. Area under the curve (AUC) 32
3.4. Optimal classification threshold 32
3.5. Partial area under the curve 32
4. Sample Size Calculations 33
5. Emerging Methods 33
5.1. Standardized placement values 33
5.2. Risk models 34
5.2.1. Predictiveness curves 34
5.2.2. Net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) 36
6. Summary 36
Chapter 3 - The Role of Metabolomics in the Study of Kidney Diseases and in the Development of Diagnostic Tools
1. Introduction 40
1.1. Definitions 41
1.1.1. Why are metabolomics-based molecular markers expected to be more sensitive and specific than currently established markers used in nephrology? 41
1.1.2. Metabolomic-based molecular markers versus protein and genomic markers advantages and challenges 43
2. Metabolic Mapping of the Kidney 46
2.1. Cortex 46
2.2. Medulla 47
2.3. Papilla 47
3. Non-Targeted and Targeted Metabolomics 48
4. The Sample 54
4.1. Tissues 54
4.2. Biofluids 54
5. Analytical Technologies 56
5.1. NMR spectroscopy 56
5.2. Mass spectrometry 57
5.3. Other technologies for metabolic profiling 60
5.4. Chemometrics and databases 60
5.4.1. GC-MS 62
5.4.2. LC-MS 63
5.5. Normalization of urine data 63
5.6. Validation of analytical assays, quality control and standardization 64
6. Metabolic Molecular Marker Discovery and Development 65
7. Metabolomics in Renal Research and as Kidney Function, Disease and Injury Marker 68
7.1. Identification of disease, pharmacodynamic and toxicodynamic molecular mechanisms 69
7.2. Nephrotoxicity and drug development 71
7.3. Kidney transplantation 73
7.3.1. Organ quality, organ storage and ischemia reperfusion injury of kidney transplants 77
7.3.2. Immunosuppressant nephrotoxicity 77
7.3.3. Allo-immune reactions 80
7.4. Cancer 81
7.4.1. Urinary metabolite markers of renal cell carcinoma 82
7.4.2. Biochemical classification of renal carcinoma biopsy samples 82
7.4.3. Monitoring of cancer treatment effects 83
7.5. Urine as matrix for non-renal disease and injury 83
8. Metabolomics as Clinical Diagnostic Tool in Nephrology 85
8.1. Why hasn’t it worked? 85
8.2. How will it work?
Chapter 4 - The Role of Proteomics in the Study of Kidney Diseases and in the Development of Diagnostic Tools
1. Introduction 102
1.1. Why are molecular marker strategies considered predictive? 103
2. Non-targeted and Targeted Proteomics 106
2.1. Non-targeted 106
2.2. Targeted 109
3. Proteins and the Kidney 110
4. The Proteomics Sample 114
4.1. Kidney tissues and cell culture 115
5. Analytical Technologies 116
5.1. 2D gel proteomics 117
5.2. LC-MS 121
5.3. Labeling technologies for LC-MS analysis 124
5.4. Other mass spectrometry-based technologies 125
5.5. Non-targeted microarrays 126
5.6. Technologies for targeted proteomics 126
5.7. Database searches, biostatistics and annotation 130
5.7.1. Data processing 130
5.7.2. Peptide identification 130
5.7.3. Validation 131
5.7.4. Quantification 131
5.7.5. Annotation 132
5.8. Normalization of urine data 132
5.9. Validation of analytical assays, quality control and standardization 132
6. Proteomics in Renal Research and as a Marker for Kidney Function, Disease and Injury 135
6.1. Identification of disease, pharmacodynamic and toxicodynamic molecular mechanisms 135
6.2. Acute and chronic kidney injury
6.3. Nephrotoxicity and drug development 147
6.4. Kidney transplantation 148
6.5. Cancer 156
6.6. The effects of extra-renal proteome changes on the urine proteome 158
7. Proteomics as Clinical Diagnostic Tool in Nephrology 158
Chapter 5 - Biomarkers in Acute Kidney Injury 
1. Serum Creatinine in Acute Kidney Injury 179
2. Interleukin-18 181
3. Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin 186
4. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 192
5. Tubular Enzymes 195
6. Cystatin C 197
7. Other Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury 201
7.1. IL-6 and IL-8 201
7.2. Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) 205
7.3. L1 cell adhesion molecule 206
7.4. Netrin 206
7.5. Exosomes 207
7.6. Urinary aprotinin 208
7.7. Nephronectin 209
7.8. Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) genetic polymorphisms 209
8. Combinations of AKI Biomarkers 209
9. Summary 211
10. Biomarkers of Extra-renal Complications of Acute Kidney Injury 212
10.1. AKI and inflammation 213
10.1.1. Proinflammatory cytokines mediate organ dysfunction 213
10.1.2. Proinflammatory cytokines are increased in the serum in animal models of AKI 213
10.1.3. Clearance of proinflammatory cytokines may be impaired in acute kidney injury 214
10.1.4. Excess production and impaired clearance of proinflammatory cytokines may occur in AKI 214
10.1.5. Serum cytokines are increased in patients with AKI 215
10.1.6. Serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 are increased in patients with established AKI and predict mortality 215
10.1.7. Serum IL-6 is an early biomarker of AKI 216
10.2. Pulmonary complications of AKI 217
10.2.1. Lung inflammation in experimental AKI 219
10.2.2. Potential role of IL-6 in AKI-mediated lung injury 220
10.2.3. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 increase 2 h after cardiopulmonary bypass-associated AKI and predict prolonged mechanical ventilation 221
Chapter 6 - Biomarkers in Kidney Transplantation
1. Biomarkers: An Overview 234
2. Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury Post-transplantation (Table 6.1) 234
2.1. Pre-transplant biomarkers 234
2.1.1. Tissue markers 234
2.1.2. Plasma markers 238
2.2. Post-transplant biomarkers 239
2.2.1. Tissue markers 239
2.2.2. Plasma markers 240
2.2.3. Urine markers 241
2.2.4. Genetic biomarkers of DGF 244
3. Biomarkers of Acute Rejection (Table 6.2) 245
3.1. Genetic biomarkers of acute rejection (Table 6.3) 245
3.2. Chemokines and acute rejection 254
3.3. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and acute rejection 258
3.4. Gene transcripts and acute rejection 258
3.5. ELISPOT as a biomarker of acute rejection 264
3.6. Platelet activation and acute rejection 265
3.7. Serum markers of inflammation and acute rejection 265
3.8. Tissue biomarkers of acute rejection 267
3.9. B-cell activation and acute rejection (tissue biomarkers as predictors of response to therapy) 269
3.10. Cytokines as biomarkers of acute rejection 270
3.11. Urine flow cytometry and the diagnosis of acute rejection 271
3.12. Proteomic-based approaches to finding biomarkers of acute rejection 272
4. Biomarkers of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (Table 6.4) 273
4.1. Tissue markers 273
4.2. Plasma markers 277
4.3. Genetic markers 278
4.4. Urine biomarkers 279
5. Biomarkers of Polyoma Virus Infection 279
6. Summary 283
Chapter 7 - Cystatin C as a Biomarker in Kidney Disease
1. Structure and Function of Cystatin C 291
2. Cystatin C Gene Structure and Cystatin C Production 292
3. Catabolism of Cystatin C 293
4. Cystatin C as a Marker for Glomerular Filtration Rate 294
5. Creatinine- and Cystatin C-based GFR-prediction Equations 298
6. The Lund Model: GFR-estimation with an Internal Quality Control 301
7. Abnormal Glomerular Filtration Quality: A New Marker for Kidney Disease. Use of Cystatin C to Identify It 302
8. Cystatin C and Aging Success 304
Chapter 8 - Biomarkers of Renal Cancer
1. Renal Cancer 313
1.1. Biology 314
1.2. Diagnosis and treatment 315
1.3. Staging and prognosis 316
2. Cancer Biomarkers e General Concepts 319
3. Renal Cancer Biomarkers 320
3.1. Diagnostic markers 321
3.1.1. Circulating markers 321
3.1.2. Histopathological diagnosis 323
3.2. Prognostic markers 324
3.2.1. Tissue-based markers 329
3.2.2. Circulating markers 334
3.2.3. Predictive markers 338
4. Conclusions 344
Chapter 9 - Urinary Proteomics and Candidate Biomarker Discovery for Diabetic Nephropathy
1. Introduction 352
2. Urinary Proteins as Candidate Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy 354
3. Urinary Peptides as Candidate Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy and Chronic Kidney Disease 357
4. Urinary Peptides as Candidate Biomarkers of Early Progressive Renal Function Decline in Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy 359
5. A Targeted Proteomic Analysis for Candidate Biomarkers of Early Renal Function Decline in Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy 363
6. Future Developments and Applications of Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery 364
Chapter 10 - Biomarkers in Glomerular Disease
1. Biomarkers in Glomerular Diseases 368
1.1. Predictors of outcome in glomerular diseases 368
2. Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis 368
2.1. Predictors of lupus nephritis class 369
2.2. Biomarkers that predict renal lupus flares 370
3. Membranous Nephropathy 372
4. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis 374
5. Minimal Change Disease 375
6. IgA Nephropathy 376
7. ANCA-associated Vasculitis 378
8. Discovery of New Biomarkers using Proteomics 379
Chapter 11 - Biomarkers in Preeclampsia
1. Definition and Prevalence of the Disease 386
2. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms 387
3. Clinical Manifestations 389
3.1. The kidney 390
3.2. Liver and coagulation abnormalities 391
3.3. The brain 391
3.4. Fetal complications 392
3.5. Long term complications 392
4. Diagnosis 393
5. Biomarkers 395
5.1. Angiogenic markers 395
5.1.1. Sequential changes 397
5.1.2. High risk populations 402
5.1.3. Other antiangiogenic states 403
5.1.4. PlGF in the urine 404
5.1.5. Differential diagnosis 404
5.2. Placental protein-13 406
5.3. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A 407
5.4. Renal dysfunction related tests 408
5.4.1. Serum uric acid 408
5.4.2. Proteinuria 408
5.4.3. Kallikreins 409
5.5. Free fetal nucleic acids 409
5.6. Uterine Doppler velocimetry 411
5.7. Combination of tests 412
6. Novel Biomarkers and Future Perspectives 414
6.1. Transcriptomics 414
6.2. Proteomics 416
6.3. Metabolomics 416
7. Conclusion 417
Index

Book Details

• Hardcover: 454 pages
• Publisher: Academic Press; 1 edition (September 27, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0123756723
• ISBN-13: 978-0123756725
• Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6 x 1.1 inches

List Price: $99.95

Fischbach: A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests 8th Edition

The purpose of A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, in this eighth edition, is to promote the delivery of safe, effective, and informed care for patients undergoing diagnostic tests and procedures and also to provide the clinician and student, educators and researchers, and others with a unique resource. This comprehensive manual provides a foundation for understanding diagnostic tests, from the relatively simple to the most complex, that are delivered to varied populations in varied settings. It describes the clinician's role in providing effective diagnostic services in depth, through affording the necessary information for quality care planning, individualized patient assessment, analysis of patient needs, appropriate interventions, patient education, patient follow-up, and timely outcome evaluation.

Potential risks and complications of diagnostic testing mandate that proper test protocols, interfering factors, follow-up testing, and collaboration among those involved in the testing process be a significant part of the information included in this text. 

Organization of the Book

This book is organized into 16 chapters and 6 appendices. Chapter 1 outlines the clinician's role in diagnostic testing and includes interventions for safe, effective, informed pre-, intra, and post-test care. This chapter includes a Patient's Bill of Rights and Responsibilities, a model for the role of the clinical team in providing diagnostic care and services, test environments, reimbursement for diagnostic services, and the importance of communication as key to desired outcomes. The intratest section includes information about collaborative approaches facilitating family presence during invasive procedures; risk management; the collection, handling, and transport of specimens; infection control; controlling pain; comfort measures; administration of drugs and solutions; monitoring fluid intake and loss; using required equipment kits and supplies; properly positioning the patient for the procedure; managing the environment; and patient monitoring. The reader is referred back to Chapter 1, Diagnostic Testing, throughout the text for information about the clinician's role and diagnostic services. Chapters 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 focus upon specific categories of studies.

Chapter Content and Features

Studies are organized in a similar way for ease of use and include:

Introductory Information

• Background rationale
• Test purpose
• Interfering factors
• Description and method of the procedure and lab test completion
• Evidence-based outcomes
• Patient involvement

Reference Values

• Normal reference values
• Conventional and SI units
• Age-related values and critical values when applicable

Procedures

• Process of intratest care
• Method of specimen collection and handling for lab tests
• Method of diagnostic procedures

Clinical Implications

• Interpretation of abnormal findings
• Unexpected outcomes
• Disease patterns
• Clinical considerations for newborn, infant, child, adolescent, and older adult groups when appropriate

Interventions

• Pre- and post-test patient care
• Specific guidelines for each test phase

A bibliography at the end of each chapter, representing a composite of selected references from various disciplines, directs the clinician to information available beyond the scope of this book, and extensive appendices provide additional data for everyday practice.

New Information in the Eighth Edition

• Avian bird flu
• SARS
• Fetal predictive tests of abnormal development and fetal death
• Monkey pox virus
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
• Quarantine vs. isolation to prevent spread of disease
• Transdermal testing
• Brain tissue oxygen
• Right of the patient to truthful diagnosis and prognosis
• Blood test for TB
• D-dimer marker for pneumonia
• Skin test for cholesterol
• Tests for blood in stool
• Carotid intima media thickness, lipoprotein particle profile, and ischemic modified albumin

Tests have been updated and expanded to include the latest information.

• Updated information on tests for diabetes, cholesterol, renal failure, nuclear scans (eg, ProstaScint imaging and PET scans), biopsies (eg, MRI-guided breast, rectal biopsies to detect prostate cancer and site of origin of lower abdominal and retroperitoneal cancers), plus additional information on results of breast biopsies, genetic testing, and Pap tests.
• More on virtual colonoscopy and enteroscopy.
• Newly approved FDA home testing for drug abuse, HIV saliva and blood testing.
• Aftercare of gonorrhea.
• Updated information on eye tests.
• Diagnosis of endoscopic findings in colonoscopy and endoscopy of the upper GI tract.
• Updated information on newborn screening procedures.
• Updated appendices.
• Tissue (histology) biopsies and predictive markers for Rx response.
• New and updated tests for cardiovascular risk and disease.
• Breath tests for ulcers, alcohol, lactose, etc.
• Fertility tests.
• Expanded scope of magnetic resonance (FMR, MRI) scans.
• Updates on bioterrorism agents, detecting food poisoning, bioterrorism infections, smallpox, anthrax, plague, and hemorrhagic fever.
• Pre- and post-organ transplant testing.
• Expanded content on keeping records of diagnostic tests, use of proper forms, and standard report forms.
• Panels of multiple tests (eg, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X) in Chapter 6, Chemistry Studies.
• Expansion of the standardized model for each test.

Current Developments in Laboratory and Diagnostic Testing

New technologies foster new scientific modalities for patient assessment and clinical interventions. Thus, the clinician is provided a greater understanding of the long chain of events from diagnosis through treatment and outcomes. In a brief span of years, new and improved technologies have led to developments in x-ray scanners; digital and enhanced imaging; magnetic resonance (MR); positron emission tomography (PET) scans of the heart and brain; enhanced ultrasound and nuclear medicine procedures; newly discovered genetic mutation studies; new cancer markers for diagnosis and prognosis; sleep disorders tests; technology for fetal testing before birth; and postmortem testing after death. Many new technologies are faster, more patient friendly, more comfortable, and provide an equivalent or higher degree of accuracy (ie, HIV or hepatitis detection, monitoring for drug abuse or managing therapeutic drug levels). Saliva and breath testing is gaining ground as a mirror of body function, DNA, and emotional, hormonal, immune, and neurologic status, as well as providing clues about faulty metabolism. Noninvasive and minimally invasive testing (eg, using a swab to collect saliva from the mouth, procedures that require only one drop of blood), which is better suited for testing in environments such as the workplace, private home, and other nontraditional health care settings such as churches, is made possible by better collection methods and standardized collection techniques. Newest diagnostic lab technologies include hand-held nucleic acid detectors for specific bacteria and viruses, hand-held miniaturized chip-based DNA analyzers, reagent-less diagnostics that introduce the sample (hand, finger, ear lobe, etc.) to magnetic fields, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Noninvasive and minimally invasive diagnostics include infrared light to estimate glucose, rapid oral screen for HIV, proteinomics, and functional and molecular techniques.

A resurgence in the use of traditional, trusted diagnostic modalities, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), is being seen in certain areas. Diseases such as HIV, antibiotic-resistant strains of pathologic organisms (TB), and Type 2 diabetes are becoming more prevalent. In the workplace, thorough diagnostic testing is more common as applications are made for employment and disability benefits. Also, requirements for periodic monitoring of exposures to potentially hazardous workplace substances (chemicals, heavy metals), breathing and hearing tests, and TB and latex allergy testing require skill in administering and procuring specimens. The number of forensic identity DNA tests being performed has increased tremendously. Concurrently, consumer perceptions have shifted from implicit faith in the health care system to concerns regarding less control over choices for health care and more distrust of the system in general.

Managed care and its drive for control of costs for diagnostic services exert a tremendous effect on consumers' ability to access testing services care. This results in mixed access to services, depending upon approval or denial of coverage.

These trends—combined with a shift in diagnostic care from acute-care hospital settings to outpatient departments, physicians' offices, clinics, community-based centers, nursing homes, and sometimes even churches, stores, and pharmacies—challenge clinicians to provide standards-based, safe, effective, and informed care. Because the health care system is becoming a community-based model, the clinician's role is also changing. Updated knowledge and skills, flexibility, and a heightened awareness of the testing environment (point of care testing) are needed to provide diagnostic services in these settings.

Clinicians must also adapt their practice to changes in other areas. This includes developing, coordinating, and following policies and standards set forth by institutions, governmental bodies, and regulatory agencies. Being informed regarding ethical and legal implications such as informed consent, privacy, patient safety, the right to refuse tests, the right to truthful diagnoses and prognoses, end-of-life decisions, standards for quarantine to control infection, and trends in diagnostic research procedures adds another dimension to the clinician's accountability and responsibility. The consequences of certain types of testing (ie, HIV and genetic) and the implications of confidential versus anonymous testing must also be kept in mind. For example, anonymous tests do not require the individual to give his or her name, whereas confidential tests do require a name. This difference has implications in the requirements and process of agency reporting for all patients as well as for select groups of infectious disease incidence such as HIV.

Responding to these trends, the eighth edition of A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests is a comprehensive, up-to-date diagnostic reference source that includes information about newer technologies, together with the time-honored, classic tests that continue to be an important component of diagnostic work. It meets the needs of clinicians, educators, researchers, students, and others whose work and study requires this type of resource or reference manual.

About the Authors

• Frances Talaska Fischbach: Associate Clinical Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Associate Professor of Nursing (Ret), School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Marshall Barnett Dunning III BS, MS, PhD.
• Marshall B. Dunning: Professor of Medicine & Physiology: Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Director, Pulmonary Diagnostic Laboratory, Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Book Details

• Paperback: 1344 pages
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 8th edition (May 22, 2008)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0781771943
• ISBN-13: 978-0781771948
• Product Dimensions: 9 x 6.1 x 1.7 inches

List Price: $54.95

Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 22nd edition (Expert Consult Series)

Clinical laboratory measurements form the scientific basis upon which medical diagnosis and management of patients is established. These results constitute the largest section of the medical record of patients, and laboratory examinations will only continue to grow in number as new procedures are offered and well established ones are ordered more frequently in the future. The modern concept of an electronic health record encompasses information from a patient's birth through that individual's entire life, and laboratory testing is a significant component of that record from prenatal and newborn screening through childhood, adulthood, and geriatric years. Traditional areas of testing are well established in clinical chemistry, hematology, coagulation, microbiology, immunology, and transfusion medicine. Genetic testing for hereditary disease risk assessment is becoming a reality beginning with individual disease testing that is expected to be followed by whole genome screening for a multitude of conditions. The rapid pace in the introduction of new testing procedures demands that laboratory practitioners be expert in several divergent aspects of this profession. The environment of clinical laboratories is extremely well suited for translation of research procedures into diagnostic assays because of their traditional involvement in basic analysis, quality control, professional competencies, and cost-effective strategies of operation. All of these applications are made stronger for occurring under regulations of federal and state governments as well as the standards of accreditation of professional pathology organizations. Clinical laboratories excel in these tasks, and they are now responding to pressures for even greater accomplishments in areas of informatics, advanced analytic methods, interpretation of complex data, and communication of medical information in a meaningful way to physician colleagues. The most successful practitioners of laboratory medicine will incorporate all of these approaches into their daily lives and will be leaders in their institutions for developing initiatives to promote outstanding health care in a fiscally responsible endeavor. This textbook strives to provide the background knowledge by which trainees can be introduced to these practices and to serve as a resource for pathologists and other laboratory personnel to update their knowledge to solve problems they encounter daily.

This twenty-second edition marks more than 100 years since A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis, authored by James Campbell Todd, was introduced in 1908. In its current format as Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, this textbook remains the authoritative source of information for residents, students, and other trainees in the discipline of clinical pathology and laboratory medicine, and for physicians and laboratory practitioners. The current edition continues the tradition of partnership between laboratory examinations and the formulation and confirmation of clinical diagnoses followed by monitoring of body functions, therapeutic drug levels, and other results of medical treatments. Beginning with the twenty-first edition, color illustrations have been used throughout the book to accurately and realistically depict clinical laboratory test findings and their analysis. The overriding mission of this book is to incorporate new discoveries and their clinical diagnostic applications alongside the wealth of information that forms the core knowledge base of clinical pathology and laboratory medicine. Our contributing authors, who are experts in their specialties, present to the reader the essential basic and new information that is central to clinical laboratory practice.

Part 1, The Clinical Laboratory, covers the organization, purposes, and practices of analysis, interpretation of results, and management of the clinical laboratory from quality control through informatics and finances. The general structure of this section includes general management principles with emphasis on preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic components of laboratory analysis as well as oversight functions. Administrative concepts for the laboratory are considered in Chapter 1, with optimization of workflow presented in Chapter 2. Preanalytic factors such as variations arising from specimen collection, transport, and handling and other variables are discussed in Chapter 3. The principles of analysis, instrumentation, and automation are presented in Chapters 4 and 5Chapter 4 Chapter 5. The growing arena of near-patient laboratory services beyond central hospital laboratories in the format of point-of-care testing is presented in Chapter 6 along with a new section on this application in the military. Postanalysis processes of result reporting, medical decision making, and interpretation of results are presented in Chapter 7, while selection of laboratory testing and interpretation for most cost-effective and efficient information gathering for medical problem solving by clinical laboratory testing is discussed in Chapter 8. A key component to all phases of laboratory processes, interpretation of results, and decision making is statistical analysis, which is introduced in Chapter 9. Explicit applications of statistics are in quality control (Chapter 10). Maintaining order for the complexities of laboratory test result ordering and reporting and the management of clinical information are possible only through sophisticated information systems that are essential to all clinical laboratories (Chapter 11). Management decisions in the clinical laboratory involve choice of analytic instrumentation, automation to process and deliver specimens to analytic stations, and computer systems to coordinate all of the preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic processes to meet the mission of the institution. These choices determine the productivity that a laboratory can achieve (especially its ability to respond to increased volumes of testing and complexity of measurements and examinations as the standards of practice advance). Paramount is the manner in which the laboratory can muster its resources in equipment, personnel, reagent supplies, and ingenuity of its leadership to respond to the needs of health care providers and patients in terms of access, timeliness, cost, and quality of test results. New challenges continue to emerge for the laboratory to provide excellent quality services at fiscally responsible expense; the changing models of reimbursement for medical and laboratory services demand that pathologists and laboratory leaders develop and maintain a strong understanding of the principles of financial management and are well aware of mechanisms that laboratories can utilize for responding to these new approaches to reimbursement (Chapter 12). Laboratory organization should also include preparedness for threats to our security through bioterrorism and related activities (Chapter 13).

Part 2, Clinical Chemistry, is organized to present laboratory examinations according to organ systems and their disorders. Some of the most commonly ordered laboratory tests are directed at the evaluation of renal function, water, electrolytes, metabolic intermediates and nitrogenous wastes, and acid-base balance, all of which are critically important for monitoring acutely ill patients and in the management of patients with kidney and pulmonary disorders (Chapter 14). The important field of bone metabolism and bone diseases, stemming from the enormous public interest in osteoporosis of our aging population, is covered in Chapter 15. The significance of carbohydrate measurements with particular emphasis on diabetes mellitus, the overall hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, and disorders of other sugars are reviewed in Chapter 16. Chapter 17 covers the extremely important topic of lipids and disorders in their metabolism and highlights the critical patterns in lipoprotein profiles that indicate disposition to cardiac malfunction, especially myocardial infarction. In Chapter 18, the serodiagnostic markers for cardiac injury evaluation and the related disorders of stroke are elaborated. The clinical significance of specific proteins and their analysis with emphasis on electrophoresis of blood and body fluids is covered in Chapter 19. The field of clinical enzymology with applications to assessment of organ injury is covered in Chapter 20. The principles of enzymology (e.g., transition state theory) have been used directly in the design of new effective drugs against specific diseases such as hypertension and AIDS. Therefore, these applications are now also discussed in this chapter. Laboratory assessment of liver function is presented in Chapter 21 and that of gastrointestinal and pancreatic disorders in Chapter 22. Toxicological analysis and therapeutic drug monitoring are covered in Chapter 23, with applications of both immunoassays and mass spectroscopy emerging in endocrinology (Chapter 24) and pregnancy and perinatal testing as well (Chapter 25). Nutritional analysis with examination of vitamins and trace metals is presented in Chapter 26. A new presentation on the chemical basis for analysis covers this topic, which is crucial to the understanding of virtually all laboratory measurements (Chapter 27).

Part 3, Urine and Other Body Fluids, reviews the utility and methods for examining fluids other than blood. Chapter 28 presents the basic examination of urine, with extensive discussions of both chemical testing and microscopic examination of urine sediment. A special area for consideration is body fluid analysis, which has received national attention recently in terms of standardizing the approach to testing of typical fluids and other alternative specimens (Chapter 29). A large range of specimen types is considered in this discussion.

Part 4, Hematology, Coagulation, and Transfusion Medicine, introduces techniques for the basic examination of blood and bone marrow (Chapter 30) and provides a wealth of background on the physiologic processes involved in hematopoiesis (Chapter 31). Erythrocytic disorders and leukocytic disorders and their diagnosis are covered in Chapters 32 and 33Chapter 32 Chapter 33, respectively. Modern techniques for use of flow cytometry for diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasias are presented in Chapter 34 to round out the approaches to diagnosis in this rapidly changing field. Immunohematology, which is so important for the understanding of erythrocyte antibodies and their impact on transfusion, is covered in Chapter 35. Blood component manufacture and utilization are covered in Chapter 36 along with transfusion reactions. Chapters 37 and 38Chapter 37 Chapter 38 deal with the rapidly expanding areas of apheresis with its applications to therapy of multiple blood disorders as well as the collection, processing, and dispensing of hematopoietic progenitor cells (adult stem cells) from bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood for treatment of both malignant and non-malignant diseases.

Part 5, Hemostasis and Thrombosis, was first introduced in the last edition of this textbook, and is based on the vast increase in our knowledge of the pathways involved in clotting and in fibrinolysis and the panoply of new testing and therapeutic modalities that have evolved as a result. This section continues to reflect the impact of our growing knowledge of coagulation and fibrinolysis (Chapter 39) plus that of platelet function disorders with emphasis on von Willebrand disease (Chapter 40). Advances in the diagnosis and monitoring of thrombotic disorders are covered extensively in Chapter 41, with particular interest in the prediction of thromboembolic risk. Along with our better understanding of thrombosis have come new drugs for treatment of patients with vascular occlusive disorders, particularly ischemic events in the heart or the brain. Principles of antithrombotic therapy and the laboratory's role in its monitoring is covered in Chapter 42. Also discussed in this section is the major advance in pharmacogenomics (fully discussed in Chapter 72) that now allows determination of the optimal anticoagulant therapies for individual patients.

Part 6, Immunology and Immunopathology, presents a framework both for classifying disorders of the immune system and for the role of laboratory testing in diagnosing those diseases (Chapter 43). Measurements based on immunoassays have long been the essential components of understanding a multitude of disorders; an excellent account of the principles of immunoassay and immunochemistry is included in Chapter 44. Evaluation of the cellular immune system is described in Chapter 45, which is newly updated. Humoral immunity and the examination of immunoglobulins in disease are covered in Chapter 46, with particular emphasis on the evaluation of monoclonal disorders in the blood. The material on complement and other mediators of inflammation (Chapter 47) is also newly updated and reorganized. Also brought up to date are Chapter 48 on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with its significant applications to organ transplantation, and Chapter 49, which looks at MHC and disease associations. The evaluation of immunodeficiency disorders includes many standard examinations for protein and cellular functions plus new genetic tests for specific abnormalities (Chapter 50). The assessment of autoimmune diseases is presented for the systemic rheumatic diseases (Chapter 51), the vasculitides (Chapter 52), and organ-specific diseases (Chapter 53). Allergic diseases, with their ever-increasing laboratory evaluations, are presented in Chapter 54.

Part 7, Medical Microbiology, covers an enormous spectrum of infectious diseases and related topics that includes viral infections (Chapter 55); chlamydial, rickettsial, and mycoplasmal infections (Chapter 56); classical medical bacteriology (Chapter 57); and susceptibility testing of antimicrobial agents (Chapter 58). Other major topics and infectious organisms of special note are spirochete infections (Chapter 59); mycobacteria (Chapter 60), with immense concern about emergence of resistant strains; mycotic diseases (Chapter 61), with a wide array of photographs of cultures and photomicrographs; and medical parasitology (Chapter 62), with worldwide significance that is growing as large numbers of people move between countries and continents. In line with the importance of achieving maximum diagnostic benefit from the laboratory, specimen collection and handling for diagnosis of infectious disease are detailed in Chapter 63. Although the classic techniques in microbiology have consisted of culturing microbiology organisms with identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing through functional bioassays, modern methods of nucleic acid amplification and detection are now becoming widespread for each type of microbiologic organism; these applications are described in each chapter about the various organisms.

Part 8, Molecular Pathology, covers some of the most rapidly changing and exciting areas of clinical laboratory testing. Chapter 64 provides an introduction to the role of molecular diagnostics, with an updated discussion of the principles and techniques of the field in Chapter 65. Similar updates are provided for the vital molecular diagnostic techniques of polymerase chain reaction and other amplification methods (Chapter 66) and newer approaches to nucleic acid hybridization (Chapter 67). The application of cytogenetics with modern methods of karyotyping, including fluorescent in situ hybridization and examination for chromosomal abnormalities, is covered in Chapter 68. Translation of research techniques to the molecular diagnostic laboratory is presented in Chapter 69, which also deals with procedures for establishing a molecular diagnostics laboratory that follows all the expectations for well-standardized testing and is fully compliant with regulations and good laboratory practices. This section is rounded out with excellent presentations on the application of molecular diagnostics to genetic diseases for which screening is becoming more important (Chapter 70) and to identity testing as used in parentage testing and forensic analysis (Chapter 71). Finally, an entirely new presentation on pharmacogenomics (Chapter 72) provides an understanding of how molecular analysis of selected genes crucial for response to therapeutic drugs or for the metabolism of drugs can be used to optimize individualized treatment plans, also known as personalized medicine.

Part 9, Clinical Pathology of Cancer, is a further outgrowth of this section that was new in the twenty-first edition. Because of the explosion of new diagnostic information as a result of the successful sequencing of the human genome, genetic profiles of different forms of cancers have now become available. Specific forms of cancer are beginning to be diagnosed using microchips containing gene arrays in which patterns of gene expression and mutation are evaluated. In addition, new methods of proteomics (i.e., determination of expression of multiple proteins in patients’ body fluids and tissues) allow for cancer detection, monitoring, and treatment. Thus there has been a vast increase in information about the principles and applications of laboratory methods for diagnosis and monitoring of malignancies in just the past few years. Chapter 73 deals with the important protein markers for cancer in blood and tissues that are commonly used for the diagnosis and management of malignant diseases. Chapter 74 extends this discussion with exciting new applications of oncoproteins and growth factors and their receptors in the assessment of malignancies and modification of therapies. A broad spectrum of molecular and cytogenetic markers is now commonly used for the initial evaluation of hematopoietic neoplasms (Chapter 75) that could well become a model for assessment of most, if not all, malignancies. Because the methods in molecular pathology used in diagnosing cancer in body fluids are the same as in solid-tissue diagnosis, breaking down the barriers between anatomic and clinical pathology, we have now included a new chapter on the evaluation of solid tumors by these methods in Chapter 76.

The prospects for early detection, prognosis, and implementation of treatment regimens for cancer based on specific alterations in the genome have never been more apparent. These chapters in cancer diagnostics emphasize the genome-based approaches and other new methods such as proteomics, which has the potential to identify patterns of protein alterations that can be used both for discovery of new targets for examination and for direct detection of clinical abnormalities. Many of these technologies have been developed in the past few years and many more versions of them are sure to appear as the competitive advantage of rapid and inexpensive genomic analysis emerges. We think it is vital for pathologists to understand the bases of molecular diagnostics, the power of this type of analysis for clinical decision making, and the paths such testing is likely to take in the future. To this end, the final chapter (77) presents the diagnostic and prognostic impact of high-throughput genomic and proteomic technologies and the role they can play in the present and future practice of pathology.

The fundamental task for trainees in laboratory medicine is to achieve a sound understanding of analytic principles and the power and limitations of laboratory examinations so that they can interpret whether abnormal results are due to a patient's physical condition or to other potential interferences such as altered physiologic state, drug interactions, or abnormalities introduced by specimen mishandling. Based on mastery of these technical aspects of test performance and interpretation, pathologists should be able to recommend strategies to provide the appropriate level of care for multiple purposes: to screen for disease, to confirm a diagnosis, to establish a prognosis, and to monitor the effects of treatment. National practice recommendations from the American Medical Association and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services have led to the formulation of standardized panels of multiple individual tests that are targeted to several organ systems such as through the basic metabolic panel and comprehensive metabolic panel (Appendix 7). These panels consist of individual tests that are highly automated and can be conveniently and inexpensively delivered through most hospital laboratories. Such convenience was not always the case when these assays for basic constituents such as potassium, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, bilirubin, and all the various metabolites, proteins, and enzyme activities were performed manually, as documented in previous editions of this textbook. Beyond those relatively simple tests, immunoassays, too, have undergone similar transformation: A mere 30 years ago the rapid assay for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) required 2 days, whereas today a third-generation TSH measurement can be completed in 20 minutes or less. Conversion from highly complex and operator-interactive testing to immediately available and inexpensive assays will almost certainly occur with procedures that are now at the cutting edge of technology and require elaborate instrumentation and special expertise to perform. These include tandem mass spectrometry for small molecules such as hormones, vitamins, and drugs; whole genome sequencing for assessing risk of developing hereditary disorders and diagnosing malignancies; and proteomics for screening a wide array of proteins in blood, body fluids, and tissues for disease detection and evidence of progression. The configuration of these assays will consolidate multiple analyses onto miniature platforms such as chip technologies. Although these new technologies will likely be expensive to implement initially, the hope is that they will reduce costs in other parts of the health care system through initiating prevention or treatment earlier than would be possible without such complex and intimate information about a patient's disease state or propensity to develop a disease.

Within this context, it is clear that the role of the clinical laboratory in the future will involve more than simply providing numeric results for physicians to glance at during rounds or after clinic duty. The complexity and the enormity of the test results that will be routinely available will require entirely new approaches to data presentation and interpretation to provide useful information for clinical diagnosis and management. The challenge to laboratories and clinicians alike is to develop “meaningful uses” in which electronic health records can store and present all of this information about a patient—from cradle through an entire life—in which several segments are integrated: genetic background, environmental factors, previous diagnostic and monitoring tests, and contemporaneous monitoring tests. All of these aspects of a patient's history have the potential to be meaningful in the most rigorous sense to provide personalized medical treatments.

This textbook provides grounding in the practice of modern laboratory medicine, and it points the way to new disciplines that will contribute to the evolution of strategies for creating, analyzing, and presenting medical information in the future. We hope that the discussions in this textbook will stimulate our colleagues at all levels to embrace new diagnostic laboratory technologies, in addition to those that are now standard, and to retain the most valuable from each into practices of the future. The legacy of this book over the past century has been to provide a clear and useful account of laboratory tests that generate the solid scientific information upon which medical decisions are based. Building on that foundation, we enthusiastically anticipate new diagnostic capabilities, and we hope that this textbook will be a stimulus to their development.

It is a privilege and an honor to serve as editors for this twenty-second edition.

-- Richard A. McPherson, Matthew R. Pincus  --

Book features

• Update your understanding of the scientific foundation and clinical application of today's complete range of laboratory tests.
• Get optimal test results with guidance on error detection, correction, and prevention as well as cost-effective test selection.
• Reference the information you need quickly and easily thanks to a full-color layout, many new color illustrations and visual aids, and an organization by organ system.

Website Features

• Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
• Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
• Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
• Images: Browse a Library of all book images. Easily select, organize, and download your images into a presentation. 

New in this edition

• Master all the latest approaches in clinical laboratory medicine with new and updated coverage of: the chemical basis for analyte assays and common interferences; lipids and dyslipoproteinemia; markers in the blood for cardiac injury evaluation and related stroke disorders; coagulation testing for antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel; biochemical markers of bone metabolism; clinical enzymology; hematology and transfusion medicine; medical microbiology; body fluid analysis; and many other rapidly evolving frontiers in the field.
• Effectively monitor the pace of drug clearing in patients undergoing pharmacogenomic treatments with a new chapter on this groundbreaking new area.
• Apply the latest best practices in clinical laboratory management with special chapters on organization, work flow, quality control, interpretation of results, informatics, financial management, and establishing a molecular diagnostics laboratory.
• Confidently prepare for the upcoming recertification exams for clinical pathologists set to begin in 2016.
• Search the full text online at expertconsult.com including a downloadable image library and references linked to pub med abstracts.

Henry's is the leading textbook of clinical pathology and provides the most current information available as a reference and also to prepare for recertification.

Contents 
Part 1 - The Clinical Laboratory

• 1 - General Concepts and Administrative Issues
• 2 - Optimizing Laboratory Workflow and Performance
• 3 - Preanalysis
• 4 - Analysis
• 5 - Analysis
• 6 - Point-of-Care and Physician Office Laboratories
• 7 - PostAnalysis
• 8 - Interpreting Laboratory Results
• 9 - Laboratory Statistics
• 10 - Quality Control
• 11 - Clinical Laboratory Informatics
• 12 - Financial Management
• 13 - Biological, Chemical, and Nuclear Terrorism

Part 2 - Clinical Chemistry 

• 14 - Evaluation of Renal Function, Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance
• 15 - Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism
• 16 - Carbohydrates
• 17 - Lipids and Dyslipoproteinemia
• 18 - Cardiac Injury, Atherosclerosis, and Thrombotic Disease
• 19 - Specific Proteins
• 20 - Clinical Enzymology
• 21 - Evaluation of Liver Function
• 22 - Laboratory Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Disorders
• 23 - Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
• 24 - Evaluation of Endocrine Function
• 25 - Reproductive Function and Pregnancy
• 26 - Vitamins and Trace Elements
• 27 - Chemical Basis for Analyte Assays and Common Interferences

Part 3 - Urine and Other Body Fluids

• 28 - Basic Examination of Urine
• 29 - Cerebrospinal, Synovial, Serous Body Fluids, and Alternative Specimens

Part 4 - Hematology, Coagulation, and Transfusion Medicine

• 30 - Basic Examination of Blood and Bone Marrow
• 31 - Hematopoiesis
• 32 - Erythrocytic Disorders
• 33 - Leukocytic Disorders
• 34 - The Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Hematopoietic Neoplasia
• 35 - Immunohematology
• 36 - Transfusion Medicine
• 37 - Hemapheresis
• 38 - Tissue Banking and Progenitor Cells

Part 5 - Hemostasis and Thrombosis

• 39 - Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
• 40 - Blood Platelets and von Willebrand Disease
• 41 - Laboratory Approach to Thrombotic Risk
• 42 - Antithrombotic Therapy

Part 6 - Immunology and Immunopathology

• 43 - Overview of the Immune System and Immunologic Disorders
• 44 - Immunoassays and Immunochemistry
• 45 - Laboratory Evaluation of the Cellular Immune System
• 46 - Laboratory Evaluation of Immunoglobulin Function and Humoral Immunity
• 47 - Mediators of Inflammation
• 48 - Human Leukocyte Antigen
• 49 - The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Disease
• 50 - Immunodeficiency Disorders
• 51 - Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases
• 52 - Vasculitis
• 53 - Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases
• 54 - Allergic Diseases

Part 7 - Medical Microbiology

• 55 - Viral Infections
• 56 - Chlamydial, Rickettsial, and Mycoplasmal Infections
• 57 - Medical Bacteriology
• 58 - In Vitro Testing of Antimicrobial Agents
• 59 - Spirochete Infections
• 60 - Mycobacteria
• 61 - Mycotic Diseases
• 62 - Medical Parasitology
• 63 - Specimen Collection and Handling for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Part 8 - Molecular Pathology

• 64 - Introduction to Molecular Pathology
• 65 - Molecular Diagnostics
• 66 - Polymerase Chain Reaction and Other Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology
• 67 - Hybridization Array Technologies
• 68 - Applications of Cytogenetics in Modern Pathology
• 69 - Establishing a Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory
• 70 - Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases
• 71 - Identity Analysis
• 72 - Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine

Part 9 - Clinical Pathology of Cancer

• 73 - Diagnosis and Management of Cancer Using Serologic and Tissue Tumor Markers
• 74 - Oncoproteins and Early Tumor Detection
• 75 - Molecular Diagnosis of Hematopoietic Neoplasms
• 76 - Molecular Genetic Pathology of Solid Tumors
• 77 - High-Throughput Genomic and Proteomic Technologies in the Post-genomic Era

APPENDICES

• 1: Physiologic Solutions, Buffers, Acid-Base Indicators, Standard Reference Materials, and Temperature Conversions
• 2: Desirable Weights, Body Surface Area, and Body Mass Index
• 3: Approximations of Total Blood Volume
• 4: Periodic Table of the Elements
• 5: SI Units
• 6: Common Chimeric Genes Identified in Human Malignancies
• 7: Disease/Organ Panels

Product Details 
 

• Hardcover: 1472 pages
• Publisher: Saunders; 22 edition (July 1, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1437709745
• ISBN-13: 978-1437709742

 
List Price: $159.00