The history of sleep medicine and sleep research can be summarized as a history of remarkable progress and, at the same time, a history of remarkable ignorance. Since the publication of the second edition in 1999 enormous progress has been made in all aspects of sleep science and sleep medicine. I am pleased to see these rapid advances in sleep medicine and growing awareness about the importance of sleep and its dysfunction amongst the public and the profession. A sleep disorder is a serious health hazard and a “sleep attack” or a lack of sleep should be taken as seriously as a heart attack or “brain attack” (stroke); undiagnosed and untreated, a sleep disorder will have catastrophic consequences as severe as heart attack and stroke. Many dedicated and committed sleep scientists and clinicians, regional, national and international sleep organizations and foundations are responsible for pushing the topic forward. I can name a few such organizations (not an exhaustive list), e.g., American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), National Sleep Foundation (NSF), European Sleep Research Society (ESRS), Asian Sleep Research Society (ASRS), Federation of Latin American Sleep Society (FLASS), World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM), World Federation of Sleep Research and Medicine Societies (WFSRMS), Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Foundation and International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). Thanks to these dedicated individuals and organizations sleep medicine is no longer in its infancy stage but is now a mature, but rapidly evolving branch within the broad field of medicine, standing on its own laurels.
Rapid advances in basic science, technical aspects, laboratory tests, clinical and therapeutic fields of sleep medicine have captivated sleep scientists and clinicians. In the sphere of basic science, a discovery in 1998 of two hypothalamic neuropeptides, hypocretin 1 (orexin A) and hypocretin 2 (orexin B), independently by two groups of neuroscientists, followed by the observations of narcoleptic phenotype in hypocretin receptor 2 mutated dogs and pre-prohypocretin knock-out mice in 1999, electrified the scientific community of sleep medicine. This was rapidly followed by advances in other basic science aspects of sleep, e.g., new understanding about neurobiology of sleep-wakefulness, sleep and memory consolidation, genes and circadian clock and neuroimaging of sleep-wakefulness showing a spectacular picture of the living brain non-invasively. Some examples of advances in clinical science include new insight into neurobiology of narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome associated with serious cardiovascular risks and heart failure, advances in pathophysiology and clinical criteria of restless legs syndrome and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, genetics of sleep disorders including RLS genes, new understanding of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia), fatal familial insomnia and the role of the thalamus in sleep-wake mechanisms, descriptions of new disorders (e.g., propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset, expiratory groaning or catathrenia, rhythmic foot tremor and alternating leg muscle activation [ALMA]), and the revised international classification of sleep disorders (ICSD-2). In laboratory techniques the following can be cited as recent advances: new AASM scoring guidelines, improved in-laboratory and ambulatory polysomnographic (PSG) techniques, role of peripheral arterial tonometry, pulse transit time, actigraphy in sleep medicine, identification of autonomic activation by heart rate spectral analysis and realization of the importance of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in the EEG as an indication of sleep stability and arousal. Rapid advances have also been made in the therapeutic field which include new medications for narcolepsy-cataplexy, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, refinements of CPAP-BIPAP, introduction of auto-CPAP, assisted servo ventilation (ASV) in Cheyne-Stokes and other complex breathing disorders and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in neuromuscular disorders, and phototherapy for circadian rhythm disorders. The third edition tried to incorporate most of these advances, but in a field as vast as sleep medicine—rapidly evolving and encompassing every system and organ of the body—something will always be missing and outdated.
The third edition contains seven new chapters. Chapter 3 addresses an important topic of sleep deprivation and sleepiness reflecting the controversy of sleep duration and diseases and the causes and consequences of excessive daytime sleepiness. In Chapter 9 Walker and Stickgold discuss the question of sleep and memory consolidation, focusing not only on their own original contributions but also other important research in this field. In Chapter 15 the group lead by Maquet discusses how modern neuroimaging techniques can explore the living brain in a non-invasive manner, opening a new field in our understanding of sleep and sleep disorders. Partinen summarizes the importance of understanding the role of nutrition for sleep health in Chapter 23. In Chapter 31 Solms, based on his longstanding interest and research in neurological aspects of dreaming, brings into focus dream disorders in neurological diseases, a very timely topic which remains ill understood and unexplained. Hoban, in Chapter 38, masterfully and succinctly tells us how our sleep pattern and requirement change from birth to adolescence. Finally, a very important and often neglected topic of sleep medicine in women is discussed by Driver in Chapter 39. In this edition I have invited new contributors for these seven chapters which appeared in the second edition. Hirshkowitz, Rose, and Sharafkhaneh (Chapter 6) replaced Zoltoski and co-authors for neurochemistry and biochemical pharmacology of sleep. Robert Y. Moore, one of the pioneers in circadian neurobiology, wrote Chapter 8, replacing Kilduff and Kushida. Mehra and Strohl replaced Parisi for writing the chapter (14) dealing with an essential topic of evaluation and monitoring respiratory function. Hirshkowitz and Sharafkhaneh replaced Mitler and co-workers for updating the sleep scoring technique chapter (18). Tafti and co-workers (Chapter 22) replaced Mignot, bringing together all the recent advances in human and animal genetics of sleep and sleep disorders. Morin and Benca replaced Spielman and Anderson for the insomnia chapter (26), shedding light on recent understanding about the role of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments of insomnia based on their vast experience and original contributions to the field. Montplaisir and co-workers replaced Broughton for the chapter (35) on behavioral parasomnias, incorporating many of their original contributions in the topic. I have invited Professor Montagna to join me in revising Chapters 29 and 30Chapter 29 Chapter 30. The remaining chapters have been revised and updated with new materials, references, illustrations and tables.
The purpose of the third edition remains the same as those of the previous editions, namely to provide a comprehensive text covering basic science, technical and laboratory aspects and clinical and therapeutic advances in sleep medicine so that both the beginners and seasoned practitioners of sleep medicine will find the text useful. Hence the book should be useful to internists (especially those specializing in pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal and endocrine medicine), neurologists, family physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, otolaryngologists, pediatricians, dentists, neurosurgeons and neuroscientists, as well as those technologists, nurses and other paraprofessionals with an interest in understanding the value of a good night's sleep.
I conclude the preface for this edition with a sad note. Two of our great scientists and giants in the field (Wayne Hening and Mircea Steriade) passed away after writing their chapters but before publication. We will miss their robust scientific contributions and writings, but they remain forever in our memory and in their last and lasting contributions to this text. I am particularly devastated by the unexpected and premature death of Wayne Hening, who had been not only a longstanding colleague but also a most dear friend of my wife and me for over two decades. Our vivid memory of Wayne traveling with us, visiting cultural centers in the North and South of India, participating in vigorous discussions of many interesting and intellectually stimulating topics will never fade away.
-- Sudhansu Chokroverty
Key Features
- Covers all aspects of sleep medicine in a practical, logical format divided into three sections: the basic science of sleep physiology, neuroanatomy, and biochemistry; the technical methods of recording; and a clinical approach to patients with sleep complaints.
- Represents the breadth of knowledge across disciplines through the contributions of 50 prominent names in the field of sleep medicine.
- Provides a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders with coverage of related fields such as pulmonology, otolaryngology, and psychiatry.
- Includes a Glossary of Terms adapted from the American Sleep Disorders Association for quick reference to the sleep terminology used throughout the text.
- Offers online access to the full text through Expert Consult functionality for convenient reference.
- Demonstrates how recent basic science advances affect clinical medicine through new chapters on Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness; Sleep and Memory Consolidation; Neuroimaging in Sleep and Sleep Disorders; Nutrition and Sleep; Nature and Treatment of Insomnia; Evolution of Sleep from Birth through Adolescence; Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children and Women's Sleep.
- Improves on the clarity and consistency of the text with a new, completely redrawn art program, including full-color illustrations in the clinical section that enhances diagnostic material.
- Presents the material in an even more readable and user-friendly two-color design and page layout.
Website Features
- Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
- Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
- Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
Contents
Part I - Basic Aspects of Sleep
- Chapter 1 - Introduction
- Chapter 2 - An Overview of Normal Sleep
- Chapter 3 - Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness
- Chapter 4 - Neurobiology of Rapid Eye Movement and Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
- Chapter 5 - Neurophysiologic Mechanisms of Slow-Wave (Non–Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep
- Chapter 6 - Neurotransmitters, Neurochemistry, and the Clinical Pharmacology of Sleep
- Chapter 7 - Physiologic Changes in Sleep
- Chapter 8 - Circadian Timing and Sleep-Wake Regulation
- Chapter 9 - Sleep and Memory Consolidation
- Chapter 10 - Dreaming in Sleep-Disordered Patients
Part II - Technical Considerations
- Chapter 11 - Polysomnographic Technique: An Overview
- Chapter 12 - Electroencephalography, Electromyography, and Electro-Oculography: General Principles and Basic Technology
- Chapter 13 - Electrocardiographic Technology of Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Chapter 14 - Evaluation and Monitoring of Respiratory Function
- Chapter 15 - Neuroimaging in Sleep and Sleep Disorders
- Chapter 16 - Measurement of Sleepiness and Alertness: Multiple Sleep Latency Test
- Chapter 17 - The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
- Chapter 18 - Clinical Polysomnography and the Evolution of Recording and Scoring Technique
Part III - Clinical Aspects
- Chapter 19 - Approach to the Patient with Sleep Complaints
- Chapter 20 - Classification of Sleep Disorders
- Chapter 21 - Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders
- Chapter 22 - Human and Animal Genetics of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
- Chapter 23 - Nutrition and Sleep
- Chapter 24 - Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
- Chapter 25 - Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea
- Chapter 26 - Nature and Treatment of Insomnia
- Chapter 27 - Narcolepsy
- Chapter 28 - Motor Functions and Dysfunctions of Sleep
- Chapter 29 - Sleep, Breathing, and Neurologic Disorders
- Chapter 30 - Sleep and Epilepsy
- Chapter 31 - Dreaming in Neurologic Disorders
- Chapter 32 - Sleep in Psychiatric Disorders
- Chapter 33 - Sleep Disturbances in General Medical Disorders
- Chapter 34 - Circadian Rhythm Disorders
- Chapter 35 - Parasomnias
- Chapter 36 - Sleep Disorders in the Elderly
- Chapter 37 - Sleep Disorders of Childhood
- Chapter 38 - Evolution of Sleep from Birth through Adolescence, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children
- Chapter 39 - Women's Sleep
- Chapter 40 - Sleep-Related Violence: Forensic Medicine Issues
About the Author
- Sudhansu Chokroverty, MD, FRCP, FACP, Professor and Co-Chair of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology and Sleep Medicine, New Jersey Neuroscience Institute at JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey; Professor of Neuroscience, Seton Hall University School of Graduate Medical Education, South Orange, New Jersey.
Book Review
"The third edition of this classic work maintains its core strengths, while at the same time is dramatically updated and modernized, reflecting the enormous contributions in the field provided by neuroimaging, genetics and technical advances. One can use the book in two ways: as a reference work to look up a particular phenomenon or as a textbook, which can be read by students, residents or practicing clinicians in virtually any setting. The clinical chapters have the flavor or authenticity that can only be achieved by the fact that they are written by experienced and seasoned clinicians who understand the challenges of diagnosing and managing sleep disorders in the real world.
Dr. Chokroverty picked his authors carefully from a world cast of characters in the field. He wrote several of the chapters himself and fastidiously edited the others so that the text holds together as a single work that adheres to his vision of a book that is authoritative, while simultaneously a valuable manual for the practice of sleep medicine. The third edition of what is now the classic work in the field will undoubtedly find its way to the book shelves of everyone who sees patients.
I once asked Dr. Chokroverty what he thought the function of sleep might be. He responded that without it, we would probably become quite drowsy. His tongue in cheek answer reflects the fact that we do not yet know the full answer to this age old question. The current theories are clearly explicated in the third edition. Whether the function of sleep is to consolidate memories, to metabolize soporific compounds that are the products of brain metabolism or some other as yet unknown purpose, we can be sure that we will see the answer in authoritative form in the next edition of Chokroverty's Sleep Disorders Medicine."
-- Martin A. Samuels, MD, FAAN, MACP, Chairman, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Product Details
- Hardcover: 750 pages
- Publisher: Saunders; 3 edition (July 24, 2009)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 0750675845
- ISBN-13: 978-0750675840
- Product Dimensions: 11 x 8.8 x 1.1 inches
List Price: $218.00