Antibiotic Resistance Protocols 2nd Edition (Methods in Molecular Biology Vol. 642)

Several years have passed since the first edition of our book, and much has changed in the world of microbiology. The trend of increasing antibiotic resistance has continued with, for example, the emergence of extensively resistant M. tuberculosis. Our understanding of antibiotic resistance biology has increased. Genomic methods have become more accessible allowing antibiotic researchers to probe not only the sequence of antibiotic resistance determinants but also the mechanism whereby they are expressed and regulated. Array methodology has allowed a large number of genes to be studied simultaneously, while real time PCR has allowed detailed dissection of gene expression. We have also begun to understand the importance of biofilms and the physiological state of the organism in permitting organisms to survive in the face of antibiotics and the act of developing resistance.

The molecular revolution has provided the tools that allow us to detect and characterise resistance determinants, and these may be sequence based, nucleic acid amplification methods, or detection of the activity of efflux pumps. The ability of a resistant organism to survive and thrive in the clinical environment is fundamental to the evolution of resistance, and considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the role of fitness in the selection of resistant organisms. This understanding has been aided by an increasing range of physiological characteristics that are tested, and automated methods of testing have improved the reproducibility and robustness of these assays. The need to develop new antibiotic agents means that we have to develop new high throughput methods of evaluating susceptibility. The interaction between bacterial and human populations is an important area of investigation, and we need better techniques to characterise the population genetics of the organisms and better sampling tools to ensure that this data is representative.

The editors have sought to bring together examples of a diverse range of modern techniques applied in antibiotic research, and they hope that you find these useful in planning your own research.

- The Editors -

Contents

Part I Epidemiology and Population Genetics

• 1 The RM Test for Determining Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineages
• 2 Unravelling the Ecology of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in the Nasopharynx

Part II Genomics and Gene Expression

• 3 Methods to Determine Antibiotic Resistance Gene Silencing
• 4 Studying Gene Induction of Glycopeptide Resistance Using Gene Swapping
• 5 Real-Time PCR Methods to Study Expression of Genes Related to Hypermutability
• 6 Use of DNA Arrays to Study Transcriptional Responses to Antimycobacterial Compounds

Part III Fitness Mutation and Physiology

• 7 Assays of Sensitivity of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Hydrogen Peroxide and Measurement of Catalase Activity
• 8 Measurements of Heme Levels and Respiration Rate in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
• 9 Methods to Determine Fitness in Bacteria
• 10 Application of Continuous Culture for Measuring the Effect of Environmental Stress on Mutation Frequency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Part IV Detection of Resistance

• 11 Identification of Efflux-Mediated Multi-drug Resistance in Bacterial Clinical Isolates by Two Simple Methods
• 12 Evaluation of Efflux Activity of Bacteria by a Semi-automated Fluorometric System
• 13 Measuring the Activity of Active Efflux in Gram-Negative Bacteria
• 14 Rapid Characterization of b-Lactamases by Multiplex PCR
• 15 Rapid Methods for Testing Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Growth
• 16 Use of Biofilm Model Systems to Study Antimicrobial Susceptibility
• 17 Rapid Analysis of Resistant Mutant Genotypes Using Pyrosequencing®

Index

About the Editors

• Stephen H. Gillespie, MD, UCL Medical School, London, UK. Email: sgillesp@medsch.ucl.ac.uk
• Timothy D. McHugh, Ph.D, UCL Medical School, London, UK. Email: t.mchugh@medsch.ucl.ac.uk

Product Details

• Hardcover: 248 pages
• Publisher: Humana Press; 2nd ed. edition (April 16, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 160327278X
• ISBN-13: 978-1603272780
• Product Dimensions: 9.9 x 7.1 x 0.8 inches

List Price: $119.00 

 

Antibiotic Resistance: Understanding and Responding to an Emerging Crisis

Recent human activities have profoundly influenced our global environment, often in ways we did not anticipate. An example is our use of antibiotics. Initially hailed as “magic bullets,” these chemical agents are now used so often that success threatens their long-term utility. Unfortunately, the natural mutability of microbes enables pathogens to develop bullet-proof shields that make antibiotic treatments increasingly ineffective. Our failure to adequately address resistance problems may ultimately push the control of infectious disease back to the pre-penicillin era. Indeed, it is now impractical to simply invent additional antibiotics to replace those lost to resistance. However, ideas have emerged for slowing the development of antibiotic resistance in individual patients and in the human population as a whole. "Antibiotic Resistance" introduces these ideas.

"Antibiotic Resistance" was initially drafted to supplement studies of infectious disease. The problem of resistance tends to be neglected, which puts the well-being of our society at increasing peril. In the course of completing this book, we realized that everyone makes decisions about antibiotic use; therefore, everyone needs to understand how human activities contribute to resistance. Individual patients, medical providers, and agricultural specialists all have a role to play in providing a safer environment. We now aim to make the principles of antibiotic use and effectiveness available to a large audience: farmers, hospital administrators, government regulators, health department personnel, pharmaceutical executives, and especially individual users. (Individual patients pressure their doctors for treatments, and in most cases, patients decide whether to take medicines as prescribed; in countries where prescriptions are not required to purchase antibiotics, patients are major decision makers.) Such diversity in readership poses a challenge.

Fortunately, detailed descriptions of chemical structures, molecular mechanisms, and epidemiological modeling are not required to understand the principles of resistance. We focus on broad concepts supported by examples and descriptions of key experiments. We expect that "Antibiotic Resistance" will be a quick read for persons with knowledge of biology. Those readers can then build on the principles with follow-up reading. Lay readers may find that some terms need to be defined. For them, we have provided a glossary and appendixes covering background concepts.

Our goal with "Antibiotic Resistance" is to point out how human activities contribute to the problem of resistance. Our hope is that an understanding of the complex factors involved in resistance will lead to changes that lengthen antibiotic life spans. An example of the complexity is seen in the traditional practice of setting antibiotic doses only high enough to cure disease. We argue that this practice encourages the emergence of resistance, that more stringent antibiotic regimens are needed to preempt the emergence of resistance. But from an individual patient perspective, using higher doses seems excessive when milder treatment usually cures disease. Why should the individual patient risk toxic side effects to preserve antibiotics for the general population? Antibiotic waste disposal problems are also complex. In principle, environmental contamination with antibiotics exerts selective pressure on microbes. That pressure can lead to the evolution of resistance genes that then spread from one organism to another and eventually reach human pathogens. We do not know how often this scenario occurs, whether it is reversible, or how much we need to improve agricultural and hospital disposal programs to stop the process.

- The Authors -

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to the Resistance Problem

• MRSA Is Putting Resistance in the News
• Humans Live with Many Pathogens
• Antibiotics Block Growth and Kill Pathogens
• Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Also Perturb Our Microbiomes
• Antibiotic Resistance Protects Pathogens
• Antibiotic Resistance Is Widespread
• Antibiotic Resistance Is Divided into Three Types
• The Development of New Antibiotics Is Slowing
• Vaccines Block Disease
• Perspective

Chapter 2 Working with Pathogens

• Pathogens Are a Diverse Group of Life Forms
• Pathogen Numbers Are Measured by Microscopy and by Detecting Growth
• Molecular Probes Can Be Specific and Highly Sensitive
• Koch’s Postulates Help Establish That a Pathogen Causes Disease
• Modern Biology Has Refined Koch’s Postulates
• Pathogen Studies Focus on Populations

Chapter 3 A Survey of Antibiotics

• Antibiotics Are Selective Poisons
• Antibiotics Are Found in a Variety of Ways
• Antibacterial Agents Usually Attack Specific Targets
• Antibacterial Agents May Have a Generalized Effect
• Most Antifungal Agents Attack Membranes and Cell Walls
• Antiprotozoan Agents Tend to Be Disease-Specific Antihelminth Agents Are Used with a Wide Variety of Worms .
• Antiviral Agents Are Often Narrow Spectrum
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Influenza Virus
• Herpes Virus
• Antibiotic Classes Evolve
• Antiseptics and Disinfectants Decontaminate Surfaces

Chapter 4 Dosing to Cure

• Treatment Strategies Have Been Determined Empirically
• Susceptibility Testing Guides Antibiotic Choice
• Testing for Viruses Bypasses Pathogen Growth
• PK/PD Indices Help Determine Antibiotic Dosage
• Young Children Are Not Little Adults
• Toxic Side Effects Are Determined Empirically
• Duration of Treatment Is Determined Empirically
• Prophylaxis Preempts Disease
• Management Programs Control Hospital Antibiotic Policy
• Self-Medication Is Outside the Guidelines

Chapter 5 Emergence of Resistance

• Resistance Can Emerge in Individual Patients
• Spontaneous Mutations Are Nucleotide Sequence Changes
• Emergence of Spontaneous Resistance Often Arises Stepwise
• Mutant Selection Window Hypothesis Describes Emergence of Spontaneous Resistance
• Mutations Can Be Caused (Induced) by Antibiotic Treatment
• Resistance Arises from Several Molecular Mechanisms
• Treatment Time Can Contribute to Resistance
• Mutator Mutations Increase Mutation Frequency
• Phenotypic Resistance Occurs Without Mutations
• Resistance May Compromise Antiseptic and Disinfectant Use
• Viral Resistance Can Arise Readily
• Resistance Mutations Can Affect Pathogen Fitness
• Unintended Damage Can Arise from Treatment

Chapter 6 Movement of Resistance Genes Among Pathogens

• Horizontal Gene Transfer Involves Specific Molecular Events
• Recombination Involves Breaking and Rejoining of DNA Molecules
• Plasmids Are Molecular Parasites
• Some Plasmids Move by Conjugation
• Bacteriophages Move Bacterial Genes by Transduction
• Bacterial Transformation Involves Uptake of DNA from the Environment
• Transposition Moves Genes from One DNA to Another
• Gene Mobilization Moves Genes from the Chromosome to a Plasmid
• Integrons Gather Genes into an Expression Site
• Genomic Islands Help Create Pathogens
• Plasmid Enzymes Can Be Inhibited

Chapter 7 Transmission of Resistant Disease

• Spread of Pathogens Is Highly Evolved
• Infection Control as Local Crisis Management
• Tuberculosis Is Airborne
• Airborne Viruses
• Digestive-Tract Pathogens
• Direct-Contact Pathogens
• Arthropod-Borne Pathogens
• Blood-Borne Infections
• Multiple-Mode Transmission

Chapter 8 Surveillance

• Surveillance Is the First Line of Defense
• The Denominator Effect Lowers Surveillance Accuracy
• Surveillance Consortia Collect and Process Data
• Molecular Methods Provide Rapid Pathogen Identification
• Interpretation of Surveillance Studies
• Surveillance Indicates Resistance Problems with Gonorrhea
• Policy Changes Are Occurring in Agricultural Practice

Chapter 9 Making New Antibiotics

• New Antibiotics Are Temporary Solutions
• Model Systems Are Used to Speed Drug Discovery
• Natural Products Are a Source of Antibiotics
• High-Throughput Screening Accelerates Antibiotic Discovery
• Rational Drug Design Can Identify Antibiotics
• New Antibiotics Must Have Few Side Effects
• Antibiotic Discovery Faces a Fundamental Economic Problem

Chapter 10 Restricting Antibiotic Use and Optimizing Dosing

• Antibiotic Conservation: Use Less Often When Unnecessary and Higher Amounts When Needed
• Human Consumption of Antibiotics Correlates with Resistance
• Limiting Human Consumption of Antibiotics
• Agricultural Use Contributes to Antibiotic Consumption
• Antibiotic Contamination of the Environment Is a Byproduct of Usage
• Clinical Resistance and Resistant Mutants Are Not the Same
• Dosing to Eradicate Susceptible Cells May Not Halt Emergence of Resistance Keeping Concentrations Above MPC Restricts Mutant Amplification
• Combining MPC with PK/PD Targets
• Combination Therapy Restricts Emergence of Resistance
• Consideration of Resistance During Drug Discovery

Chapter 11 Influenza and Antibiotic Resistance

• Seasonal Influenza Virus Is Controlled by Vaccines
• Antiviral Resistance Has Emerged Among Seasonal Influenza Virus
• Pandemic Influenza Can Be a Killer
• Avian Flu H5N1 Is a Candidate for Deadly Pandemic Flu
• Antibiotics May Play an Important Role in Pandemic Influenza
• Antibiotic Resistance Occurs with Avian Flu H5N1
• Bacterial Pneumonia May Create Another Resistance Problem

Chapter 12 Avoiding Resistant Pathogens

• Consumer Perspective Differs from That of Public Health Official or Manufacturer
• Avoiding Airborne Infection Is Difficult
• Precautions Can Be Taken with MRSA
• Sexually Transmitted Infections Require Renewed Attention
• Arthropod-Borne Infections Are on the Move
• Contaminated Food Is Common
• Avoid Rounds of Treatment Interspersed with Pathogen Outgrowth
• Consume Only with Sound Indications, Choose Optimal Antibiotics
• Afterword A Course of Action
• Overuse
• Dosing
• Drug Discovery and Surveillance
• Resistance as a Side Effect

Appendix A Molecules of Life

• The Action of Molecules Defines Life
• Proteins Are Molecular Workers
• DNA Is the Repository of Genetic Information
• RNA Plays Several Roles in Life Processes
• Carbohydrates Store Energy, Form Cell Walls, and Make Rigid Structures
• Lipids Store Energy and Form Membranes
• Cellular Chemistry Is Organized into Metabolic Pathways

Appendix B Microbial Life Forms

• Bacteria Lack Nuclei and Other Organelles
• Fungi Are Eukaryotes Having Cell Walls But Not Chloropasts
• Parasitic Protozoa Are Eukaryotes Lacking a Cell Wall
• Helminths Are Parasitic Worms
• Viruses Are Inert Until They Infect
• Glossary
• Literature Cited
• Index

About the Authors

• Karl Drlica, Ph.D. is a Principal Investigator at the Public Health Research Institute and Professor of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics at the UMDNJ—New Jersey Medical School in Newark, New Jersey. Dr. Drlica’s laboratory focuses on fluoroquinolone action and resistance with Mycobacteriun tuberculosis and other bacteria, including approaches for slowing the enrichment and amplification of resistant bacterial subpopulations.
• David S. Perlin, Ph.D. is Executive Director of the Public Health Research Institute and UMDNJ Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, as well as Professor of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics at the New Jersey Medical School in Newark, New Jersey. He is also a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences. Dr. Perlin’s laboratory explores mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance, rapid detection of drug-resistant bloodstream pathogens in high-risk patients, and the application of small animal models for the study of respiratory pathogens.

 

Product Details

• Hardcover: 288 pages
• Publisher: FT Press; 1 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0131387731
• ISBN-13: 978-0131387737
• Product Dimensions: 10 x 7.1 x 1 inches

List Price: $49.99 

 

Kradin: Diagnostic Pathology of Infectious Disease (Expert Consult Series)

During my residency in internal medicine some 30 years ago, I was strongly drawn to the clinical practice of infectious disease. My teachers at the University of Pennsylvania were astute clinicians, formidably knowledgeable, and keen observers. During my subsequent training in anatomic pathology at the Massachusetts General Hospital, I considered a career in infectious disease pathology but was hard-pressed to identify it as a viable independent specialty. As a result, I compromised and devoted the next years of my training to specialty interests in both pulmonary medicine and lung pathology, in part because I was aware that many infections affect the lungs.

My subsequent training included research in cellular immunology, and I learned that the primary principles of host defense had largely evolved in response and in parallel to the challenges of infection. Relatively late in my career, I volunteered for the job of being a dedicated expert in infectious disease pathology, and as there was no competition, I got it. In many respects it has proved to be the most rewarding role of my career.

Most surgical pathology departments today are primarily focused on the field of neoplasia; infection has largely become the domain of the microbiology laboratory. Yet the amount of infectious disease pathology that is seen regularly in the practice of surgical pathology in most hospitals is substantial, varied, and diagnostically challenging. In a single week, I often see tens of cases of infection, some of them common, others extraordinary and exotic. It is my considered opinion that the challenges of expert infectious disease pathology diagnosis rival and frequently exceed those of diagnostic tumor pathology.

The nuances of the specialty are unique. They include a degree of clinical expertise, the knowledge of how diseases are geographically distributed, experience in identifying the varied morphological features of a host of pathogens, awareness of how in-host responses vary with levels of immunosuppression, and recognizing when one is not dealing with infection in responses that can mimic it. While most surgical pathologists manage to do a very reasonable job in diagnosing infection, most would admit that their level of sophistication in this area is too frequently limited.

Whereas most textbooks on the topic of infectious disease pathology emphasize details of microbial identification, it is evident that the practicing surgical pathologist primarily needs a firm grounding in recognizing the spectrum of histological responses by the host that can be seen in infection. In a hospital such as my own where pathologists are sub-specialized, surgical pathologists become well versed in how to diagnose the infections that frequently present in their organ of specialized interest. This is unfortunate for those of us who choose to practice infectious disease pathology as a primary subspecialty, as many interesting cases never reach my microscope. But this is easily remedied by maintaining a working relationship with the hospital clinical infectious disease specialists, who invariably make me aware of the cases of interest!

Frankly, few busy pathologists have the time or the inclination to specialize in infection, yet it is just this group that needs access to a single handy resource that will help them to establish an accurate diagnosis. That was the rationale for the present text. As I have noted elsewhere, this text may not invariably provide the level of detail that may be gleaned in the in-depth study of infectious disease morphology. For example, exhaustive detail has not been included with respect to the diagnosis of rare parasitic disorders, but there are already excellent textbooks available that can address these features. This is also not a source book on the molecular aspects of infection; this too can be found elsewhere. What the reader will find here, hopefully, is a practical, accessible, and well illustrated text of the surgical pathology of infection.

-- Author --

Key Features

• Covers the latest techniques in immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics integrated throughout the text for comprehensive information on all investigative contexts relevant to ensuring diagnostic accuracy.
• Emphasizes the host responses critical in differential diagnosis to serve as a second opinion when non-infectious diagnoses mimic and confound the diagnosis of infection.
• Provides a complete visual guide to suspect lesions through superb, high-quality, full-color illustrations of key aspects of various diseases that facilitate the rapid identification of biopsy specimen.
• Presents contents organized by organ as opposed to pathogen to more effectively address diagnostic and management issues.
• Features tables that list differential diagnosis for each lesion for quick summaries of key points in problem areas.
• Highlights morphological characteristics and landmarks of tissue samples throughout the text for easy access to information necessary for signing out specimen.
• Focuses on clinicopathologic features and correlations so you can deal with the diagnostic problems you face every day.

Website Features

• Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
• Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
• Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
• Images: Browse a Library of all book images. Easily select, organize, and download your images into a presentation.

Contents 

CHAPTER 1 - Introduction

CHAPTER 2 - General Principles in the Diagnosis of Infection

• Introduction
• Sampling
• Diagnosing Infection In Situ
• Potential Limits of Biopsy Interpretation
• Classification of Patterns of Infection
• Histochemical Stains
• Immunohistochemical Methods
• Molecular Diagnostics
• In Situ Hybridization
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3 - The Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Infection: Clinical Approach

• Overview: The Biopsy
• Approach to the Patient: General Concepts
• Antimicrobial Therapy
• Biopsy in the Immunocompromised Host
• Timeline of Infection
• Summary

CHAPTER 4 - Cytopathology of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases

• Introduction
• Processing of Cytologic Samples for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases
• Culturing of Fine-Needle Aspirations for Microorganisms
• Inflammatory Patterns and Associated Pathogens
• Unusual Host Reactions to Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient
• Cytodiagnosis of Viral Infections
• Case 17: Intensive Care Unit Vocal Cord Lesion
• Case 18: Is It Herpes or Molluscum?
• Case 19: To Immunosuppress or Immunoenhance; That Is the Question!
• Parasitic Disease in Cytology
• Case 20: A Worm with the Wanderlust
• Cases 21 and 22: Parasite Infections Seen in Postmortem Cytology
• Conclusion

CHAPTER 5 - Ultrastructural Diagnosis of Infection

• Introduction
• Electron Microscopy Technique
• Prions
• Viral Infections
• Bacterial Infections
• Fungal Infections
• Parasitic Infections

CHAPTER 6 - Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections

• Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
• Otitis Media
• Tonsillitis
• Peritonsillar Abscess
• Rhinoscleroma
• Actinomycosis
• Botryomycosis
• Syphilis
• Tuberculosis
• Leprosy
• Oral Candidosis
• Fungal Rhinosinusitis
• Paracoccidioidomycosis
• Sporotrichosis
• Blastomycosis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Cryptococcosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Rhinosporidiosis
• Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
• Epstein-Barr Virus
• Herpes Simplex Virus
• Human Papillomavirus
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Mumps

CHAPTER 7 - Pulmonary Infections

• Introduction
• Handling Lung Biopsy Specimens
• Pulmonary Injury in Infection
• Microbes Associated with Bioterrorism
• Pleural Infections

CHAPTER 8 - Cardiac Infections

• Introduction
• The Pathology of Infective Endocarditis
• The Pathology of Myocarditis
• The Pathology of Pericarditis

CHAPTER 9 - Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract

• Introduction
• Infections of the Esophagus
• Infections of the Stomach
• Infections of the Small Bowel
• Infectious Colitis

CHAPTER 10 - Liver and Bile Duct Infections

• Viruses
• Mycobacteria
• Nonmycobacterial Bacteria
• Spirochetes
• Rickettsia
• Fungi
• Helminths
• Protozoans

CHAPTER 11 - Infectious Lymphadenitis

• Lymphadenitis of Viral or Possible Viral Etiology
• Bacterial Lymphadenitis
• Fungal Lymphadenitis
• Protozoal Lymphadenitis

CHAPTER 12 - Infectious Diseases of the Bone Marrow and Spleen

• Introduction
• Patterns of Bone Marrow Response to Infections
• Bone Marrow Features of Specific Infections
• Infections Involving the Spleen

CHAPTER 13 - Bone Infections

• Pathophysiology
• Bacterial Osteomyelitis
• Mycobacterial Osteomyelitis
• Treponemal Osteomyelitis
• Fungal Osteomyelitis
• Mycetoma
• Helminthic Osteomyelitis
• Viral Osteomyelitis
• Differential Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis

CHAPTER 14 - Infections of Joints, Synovium-Lined Structures, and Soft Tissue

• Bacterial Arthritis
• Fungal Arthritis
• Viral Arthritis
• Reactive Arthritis
• Soft Tissue Infections
• Myositis
• Other Unusual Soft Tissue Infections

CHAPTER 15 - Genitourinary Infectious Disease Pathology

• Genitourinary Cutaneous Infections
• Kidney Infections
• Bladder Infections
• Infections of the Urethra
• Infections of the Male Genitourinary System

CHAPTER 16 - Gynecologic Infections

• Lower Genital Tract
• Upper Genital Tract

CHAPTER 17 - Perinatal Infections

• Ascending Infections
• Hematogenously Spread Infections
• Specific Infectious Organisms
• Pregnancy-Associated Uterine Infections
• Fetal and Congenital Infections

CHAPTER 18 - Infections of the Nervous System

• Introduction
• Acute Inflammatory Response
• Chronic Inflammatory Response
• Granulomatous or Predominantly Histiocytic Inflammatory Pattern
• Minimal or No Inflammatory Response

CHAPTER 19 - Skin Infections

• Diagnostic Approach
• Bacterial Infections of the Skin
• Viral Infections of the Skin
• Fungal Skin Infections
• Protozoal Infections
• Helminth Infestations
• Arthropod-Induced Diseases
• Algal Infections

About the Author

• Richard L. Kradin, MD Associate Professor of Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Associate Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 660 pages
• Publisher: Saunders; Har/Psc edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1416034293
• ISBN-13: 978-1416034292
• Product Dimensions: 11.1 x 8.5 x 1.2 inches

List Price: $218.00 

 

Cohen: Infectious Diseases 3rd Edition (Expert Consult Series)

These are extraordinary times in the fields of microbiology and infectious diseases. The genomes of essentially all the major bacterial and viral pathogens known to infect humankind have now been sequenced and are available on public databases. The human genome project is now complete and whole genome sequencing of the major malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the common fungal pathogen Candida albicans are now available on line. We have learned an enormous amount of new information about the molecular mechanisms that underlie microbial pathogenesis and the host response to pathogens since the second edition of this book some five years ago. An expanding number of antiviral and antifungal agents are now available to clinicians, and new generations of vaccine constructs and adjuvants are now entering clinical practice.

Despite these advances, progress has been uneven with very little in the developmental pipeline for novel antibacterial agents, anti-tuberculosis drugs, or chemotherapeutic agents against parasitic infection. We find ourselves increasingly on the defensive against a variety of newly emerging and remerging pathogens. The specter of progressive antimicrobial resistance now threatens the long-term viability of the very foundation of our primary treatment approach against bacterial pathogens, including extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Our collective vulnerability to airborne pathogens within our highly mobile and crowded global community has become poignantly evident with the H1N1 swine flu pandemic of 2009 and ongoing threats of human dissemination of H5N1 avian influenza strains. Environmental disruption and global warming largely attributable to our ever expanding human population is likely to have adverse health consequences; among them with be the spread of vector-borne, water-borne and airborne pathogens.

In preparing this third edition we have continued the themes that initially inspired the creation of this textbook of Infectious Diseases. The book maintains its tradition of well illustrated and tightly referenced chapters with an emphasis on clinical practicality along with a detailed review of disease pathogenesis and microbiology. Practice points are found throughout the text that highlight common, and not so common, clinical scenarios that require specific and targeted information to provide informed responses. The interactive website, complete with its frequently updated information sources and a downloadable set of illustrations, will continue to support the print version of the text and now includes a number of innovative new functions. The whole text has been carefully reviewed, many chapters have been totally re-written with new figures added, and new authors and editors have been commissioned to ensure that the material is fresh, up to date and relevant.

We are indebted to the superb group of section editors and the extensive collection of highly skilled, international, contributors for each chapter, without whom the third edition of this book would not have been possible. We would especially like to extend our sincere gratitude to Sue Hodgson, Sven Pinczewski, Poppy Garraway and the staff at Elsevier for their unflappable spirit and their attention to detail throughout this considerable undertaking. Finally, we thank the Section Editors from the second edition who have now stood down: Steven Holland, Dennis Maki, Ragnar Norrby, Allan Ronald, Claus Solberg and Jan Verhoef without whom we would never have been in the position of preparing a third edition. We trust that our readers will find the readily accessible knowledge distilled into these pages to have been well worth the effort in generating the Third Edition of Infectious Diseases.

Jon Cohen, William Powderly, Steven Opal

Key Features

• Find a diagnosis quickly with the popular Diseases by Body System Section.
• Stay well informed with expanded and updated coverage of nonsocomial infections and much more.
• Receive unparalleled visual guidance from hundreds of full-color photographs and figures.
• Quickly search information with a consistent chapter organization and colorful page layouts.
• Get clinically-focused guidance from "Practice Points," which demonstrate how to diagnose and treat complicated problems encountered in practice.
• Make effective diagnoses with a more efficient approach to differential diagnosis-discussions of conditions are presented in proportion to their incidence.
• Gain a more international view from editors and authors, patient photographs, and treatment perspectives from around the world.

Website Features

• Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
• Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
• Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
• Images: Browse a Library of all book images. Easily select, organize, and download your images into a presentation.
• Lancet articles: Selected articles from The Lancet and the The Lancet Infectious Diseases are presented.

Contents
Volume 1
Section 1 - Introduction to Infectious Diseases

• Chapter 1 - Nature and pathogenicity of micro-organisms
• Chapter 2 - Host responses to infection
• Chapter 3 - Vaccines and vaccination
• Chapter 4 - Emerging and re-emerging pathogens and diseases
• Chapter 5 - Mathematical models in infectious disease epidemiology
• Chapter 6 - History of infection prevention and control
• Chapter 7 - Bacterial genomes

Section 2 - Syndromes by Body System

• Chapter 8 - Viral exanthems
• Chapter 9 - Cellulitis, pyoderma, abscesses and other skin and subcutaneous infections
• Chapter 10 - Necrotizing fasciitis, gas gangrene, myositis and myonecrosis
• Chapter 11 - Arthropods and ectoparasites
• Chapter 12 - Dermatologic manifestations of systemic infections
• Chapter 13 - Superficial fungal infections
• Chapter 14 - Lymphadenopathy
• Chapter 15 - Conjunctivitis, keratitis and infections of periorbital structures
• Chapter 16 - Endophthalmitis
• Chapter 17 - Infectious retinitis and uveitis
• Chapter 18 - Acute and chronic meningitis
• Chapter 19 - Encephalitis and myelitis
• Chapter 20 - Brain abscess and other focal pyogenic infections of the central nervous system
• Chapter 21 - Tetanus and botulism
• Chapter 22 - Prion diseases of humans and animals
• Chapter 23 - Infections in hydrocephalus shunts
• Chapter 24 - Laryngitis, epiglottitis and pharyngitis
• Chapter 25 - Otitis, sinusitis and related conditions
• Chapter 26 - Bronchitis, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis
• Chapter 27 - Community-acquired pneumonia
• Chapter 28 - Hospital-acquired pneumonia
• Chapter 29 - Lung abscesses and pleural abscesses
• Chapter 30 - Tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections
• Chapter 31 - Fungal pneumonias
• Chapter 32 - Orocervical infection
• Chapter 33 - Gastritis, peptic ulceration and related conditions
• Chapter 34 - Food-borne diarrheal illness
• Chapter 35 - Acute diarrhea
• Chapter 36 - Chronic diarrhea
• Chapter 37 - Intra-abdominal sepsis, peritonitis and pancreatitis
• Chapter 38 - Viral hepatitis
• Chapter 39 - Hepatobiliary and splenic infection
• Chapter 40 - Infective and reactive arthritis
• Chapter 41 - Acute and chronic osteomyelitis
• Chapter 42 - Infections of prosthetic joints and related problems
• Chapter 43 - Lyme disease
• Chapter 44 - Sepsis
• Chapter 45 - Infections associated with intravascular lines, grafts and devices
• Chapter 46 - Myocarditis and pericarditis
• Chapter 47 - Endocarditis and endarteritis
• Chapter 48 - Rheumatic fever
• Chapter 49 - Vaginitis, vulvitis, cervicitis and cutaneous vulval lesions
• Chapter 50 - Infections of the female pelvis including septic abortion
• Chapter 51 - Complications of pregnancy: maternal perspectives
• Chapter 52 - Implications for the fetus of maternal infections in pregnancy
• Chapter 53 - Cystitis and urethral syndromes
• Chapter 54 - Prostatitis, epididymitis and orchitis
• Chapter 55 - Pyelonephritis and abscesses of the kidney
• Chapter 56 - Complicated urinary infection, including postsurgical and catheter-related infections
• Chapter 57 - Syphilis
• Chapter 58 - Genital herpes
• Chapter 59 - Papillomavirus infections
• Chapter 60 - Lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid and granuloma inguinale

Section 3 - Special Problems in Infectious Disease Practice

• Chapter 61 - Pathogenesis of fever
• Chapter 62 - Clinical approach to acute fever
• Chapter 63 - Fever of unknown origin
• Chapter 64 - The potential role of infectious agents in diseases of unknown etiology
• Chapter 65 - Infectious complications following surgery and trauma
• Chapter 66 - Recreational infections
• Chapter 67 - Occupational infections
• Chapter 68 - Infections from pets
• Chapter 69 - Infections acquired from animals other than pets
• Chapter 70 - Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Chapter 71 - Bioterrorism and biodefense

Section 4 - Infections in the Immunocompromised Host

• Chapter 72 - Immunodeficiencies
• Chapter 73 - Infections in the neutropenic cancer patient
• Chapter 74 - Infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
• Chapter 75 - Infection in solid organ transplantation
• Chapter 76 - Heart, lung and heart–lung transplantation
• Chapter 77 - Liver transplantation
• Chapter 78 - Pancreatic transplantation
• Chapter 79 - Intestinal transplantation
• Chapter 80 - Kidney transplant patients
• Chapter 81 - Vasculitis and other immunologically mediated diseases
• Chapter 82 - Splenectomy and splenic dysfunction
• Chapter 83 - Vaccination of the immunocompromised patient

Volume 2
Section 5 - HIV and AIDS

• Chapter 84 - Epidemiology of HIV infection
• Chapter 85 - Prevention of HIV transmission through behavioral change and sexual means
• Chapter 86 - Preventing occupational HIV infection in the health-care environment
• Chapter 87 - HIV vaccines: past failures and future scientific challenges
• Chapter 88 - The immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection
• Chapter 89 - Primary HIV infection
• Chapter 90 - Prevention of opportunistic infections
• Chapter 91 - Opportunistic infections
• Chapter 92 - Disorders of immune reconstitution in patients with HIV infection
• Chapter 93 - Tuberculosis in HIV
• Chapter 94 - Neoplastic disease
• Chapter 95 - Dermatologic manifestations of HIV infection
• Chapter 96 - HIV/AIDS-related problems in developing countries
• Chapter 97 - HIV infection in children
• Chapter 98 - Special problems in women who have HIV disease
• Chapter 99 - Principles of management of HIV in the developed world
• Chapter 100 - Antiviral therapy

Section 6 - International Medicine

• Chapter 101 - Geography of infectious diseases
• Chapter 102 - Pretravel advice and immunization
• Chapter 103 - Leprosy
• Chapter 104 - Endemic treponematoses
• Chapter 105 - African trypanosomiasis
• Chapter 106 - Other parasitic infections of the central nervous system
• Chapter 107 - Eye infections in the tropics
• 
  
• Chapter 108 - Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract
• Chapter 109 - Typhoid fever and other enteric fevers
• Chapter 110 - Amebic infections
• Chapter 111 - Malaria
• Chapter 112 - Schistosomiasis
• Chapter 113 - Cestode and trematode infections
• Chapter 114 - Hydatid disease
• Chapter 115 - Filariasis
• Chapter 116 - Infections in sickle cell disease
• Chapter 117 - Leishmaniasis
• Chapter 118 - Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
• Chapter 119 - Melioidosis
• Chapter 120 - Plague
• Chapter 121 - Tularemia
• Chapter 122 - Scrub typhus and other tropical rickettsioses
• Chapter 123 - Brucellosis
• Chapter 124 - Leptospirosis
• Chapter 125 - Relapsing fevers
• Chapter 126 - Viral hemorrhagic fevers
• Chapter 127 - Dengue
• Chapter 128 - Anthrax

Section 7 - Anti-Infective Therapy

• Chapter 129 - Principles of anti-infective therapy
• Chapter 130 - Mechanisms of action
• Chapter 131 - Mechanisms of antibacterial resistance
• Chapter 132 - Antibiotic prophylaxis
• Chapter 133 - Non-inpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy
• Chapter 134 - β-Lactam antibiotics
• Chapter 135 - Macrolides, ketolides, lincosamides and streptogramins
• Chapter 136 - Oxazolidinones
• Chapter 137 - Aminoglycosides
• Chapter 138 - Folate inhibitors
• Chapter 139 - Quinolones
• Chapter 140 - Glycopeptides
• Chapter 141 - Tetracyclines and chloramphenicol
• Chapter 142 - Nitroimidazoles: metronidazole, ornidazole and tinidazole
• Chapter 143 - Antituberculosis agents
• Chapter 144 - Miscellaneous agents: fusidic acid, nitrofurantoin and spectinomycin
• Chapter 145 - Antiretroviral agents
• Chapter 146 - Drugs for herpesvirus infections
• Chapter 147 - Antiviral agents against respiratory viruses
• Chapter 148 - Drugs to treat viral hepatitis
• Chapter 149 - Antifungal agents
• Chapter 150 - Antiparasitic agents

Section 8 - Clinical Microbiology

• Chapter 151 - Acute gastroenteritis viruses
• Chapter 152 - Measles, mumps and rubella viruses
• Chapter 153 - Human enteroviruses
• Chapter 154 - Hepatitis viruses
• Chapter 155 - Herpesviruses
• Chapter 156 - Papillomaviruses
• Chapter 157 - Polyomaviruses
• Chapter 158 - Parvoviruses
• Chapter 159 - Poxviruses
• Chapter 160 - Rabies and rabies-related viruses
• Chapter 161 - Influenza viruses
• Chapter 162 - Respiratory viruses
• Chapter 163 - Retroviruses and retroviral infections
• Chapter 164 - Zoonotic viruses
• Chapter 165 - Staphylococci and micrococci
• Chapter 166 - Streptococci, enterococci and other catalase-negative cocci
• Chapter 167 - Aerobic Gram-positive bacilli
• Chapter 168 - Neisseria
• Chapter 169 - Enterobacteriaceae
• Chapter 170 - Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. and miscellaneous Gram-negative bacilli
• Chapter 171 - Curved and spiral bacilli
• Chapter 172 - Gram-negative coccobacilli
• Chapter 173 - Anaerobic bacteria
• Chapter 174 - Mycobacteria
• Chapter 175 - Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
• Chapter 176 - Rickettsia and rickettsia-like organisms
• Chapter 177 - Chlamydia
• Chapter 178 - Opportunistic and systemic fungi
• Chapter 179 - Superficial and subcutaneous fungal pathogens
• Chapter 180 - Protozoa: intestinal and urogenital amebae, flagellates and ciliates
• Chapter 181 - Protozoa: intestinal coccidia and microsporidia
• Chapter 182 - Protozoa: free-living amebae
• Chapter 183 - Blood and tissue protozoa
• Chapter 184 - Helminths

Product Details

• Hardcover: 2070 pages
• Publisher: Mosby; 3 edition (May 11, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0723435030
• ISBN-13: 978-0723435037

List Price: $435.00

Paleri: ENT Infections: An Atlas of Investigation and Management

ENT Infections: an Atlas of Investigation and Management is a quality publication which brings together clinical scenarios that present to a diversity of clinicians on a daily basis. By dividing the ear, nose, and throat into its appropriate anatomic sites, the consulting clinician can refer to the Atlas and confirm with a greater degree of accuracy what the diagnosis is or likely to be. As well as covering the principles of microbiology and anti-infective therapy, this Atlas highlights the need for an appropriate physical examination of each anatomic area. Each chapter is lavishly illustrated with pictures of pathologies and clinical scenarios and includes algorithms and tables where needed. The addition of a chapter on tropical infections will be welcomed by many who will purchase this publication.

The authors, both Consultants in Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, are professionally aware that lack of knowledge among clinicians, general practitioners, and hospital consultants about the conditions and diseases that affect the ear, nose, and throat may result in inappropriate treatment. For example, the majority of acute symptoms that develop in ENT are labelled as casued by ‘an infection’ with the result that each such clinical scenario is treated by a course of ‘an antibiotic’. While the result of such intervention would seem appropriate as the condition, in the acute phase, seems to abate with the easing of ‘pain’ symptoms, often the infection lingers with the result that it returns with a vengeance within a short period of time. The symptom of ‘sore throat’, depending on the age of the patient, maybe called tonsillitis or pharyngitis, but is usually treated the in the same way; and in the older or elderly patient when such symptoms persists for weeks and, perhaps, months, the incorrect diagnosis of a ‘throat cancer’ is not infrequently made. Sometimes, what appears to be a ‘simple sore throat’ may become a life-threatening condition, such as a para - pharyngeal abscess or epiglottitis, which if not treated correctly may result, tragically, in death.
This publication is recommended to all professionals who are exposed to acute clinical scenarios, from paediatrics to care of the elderly. This book will also be invaluable to medical, dental, and nursing students, providing a foundation for future clinical experiences and expertise.

Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contributors
Abbreviations
1 Clinical examination

• Ear
• Examination of the ear
• Nose
• Examination of the nose
• Radiological examination
• Oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx, and neck
• Examination of the oral cavity
• Examination of the oropharynx
• Examination of the larynx and hypopharynx
• Examination of the neck

2 Microbiology of ENT infections

• Microorganisms that cause human infections
• Commensals
• Principles of microbiological diagnosis
• Causative organisms
• Upper aerodigestive tract and sinus infections
• Ear infections

3 Principles and practice of anti-infective therapy in ENT infections

• Introduction
• Resistance
• Parenteral therapy
• Frequently used antibiotics in ENT practice
• Choice of antibacterial therapy

4 Infections of the ear

• Introduction
• Infections of the pinna
• Infections of the external ear canal
• Furunculosis
• Acute otitis externa
• Chronic otitis externa
• Fungal otitis externa
• Sequelae of chronic otitis externa
• Viral infections
• Bullous myringitis
• Herpes zoster
• Infections of the middle ear
• Viral acute otitis media
• Acute otitis media
• Acute mastoiditis
• Infected perforated tympanic membrane
• Infected grommets or ventilation tubes
• Cholesteatoma
• Infected mastoid cavity
• Aural polyp
• Ototoxicity
• Infections of the inner ear
• Osteomyelitis of the skull base
• Pyogenic infection of the inner ear
• Bell’s palsy
• Vestibular neuronitis or labyrinthitis

5 Infections of the nose and paranasal sinuses

• Introduction
• Infections of the external nose
• Erysipelas
• Herpes simplex
• Fistula of the nasal dorsum
• Foreign bodies
• Infections of the nasal cavity
• Vestibulitis
• Viral papilloma
• Septal haematoma and septal abscess
• Nasal polyposis
• Nasal foreign bodies
• Adenoiditis
• Infections of the paranasal sinuses
• Rhinitis, sinusitis, and rhinosinusitis
• Viral rhinosinusitis
• Acute and chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis
• Fungal sinusitis
• Complications of paranasal sinus infections
• Orbital cellulitis
• Pott’s puffy tumour (osteomyelitis of the frontal bone)
• Frontal sinus mucocoele and pyocoele

6 Infections of the oral cavity

• Introduction
• Viral infections
• Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
• Recurrent herpetic infections (cold sores)
• Chickenpox (varicella)
• Shingles (zoster)
• Hairy leukoplakia
• Papillomatosis
• Bacterial infections
• Acute ulcerative gingivitis
• Fungal infections
• Candidiasis

7 Infections of the oropharynx

• Introduction
• Viral infections
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Herpes simplex
• Human papilloma virus
• Bacterial infections
• Group A beta haemolytic streptococci (GABHS)
• Diphtheria
• Peritonsillar abscess
• Candida

8 Infections of the salivary glands

• Introduction
• Viral infections
• Mumps
• Human immunodeficiency virus
• Bacterial infections
• Acute suppurative sialadenitis
• Submandibular salivary gland infections
• Chronic recurrent parotitis of childhood
• Granulomatous infections
• Tuberculosis

9 Infections of the larynx

• Introduction
• Laryngeal infections
• Supraglottitis in children
• Supraglottitis in the adult
• Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
• Bacterial tracheitis
• Chronic infective laryngitis
• Laryngeal papillomatosis
• Laryngopyocoele
• Chondronecrosis

10 Infections of the neck

• Introduction
• Neck infections
• Cervical lymphadenitis
• Monomicrobial infections
• Cat scratch disease
• Toxoplasmosis
• Mycobacterial infections
• Actinomycosis
• Polymicrobial infections
• Cellulitis of the neck
• Necrotizing cervical fasciitis
• Infection of branchial and thyroglossal cysts
• Deep neck space infections
• Post-operative infection
• Infective thyroiditis
• Atlanto-axial subluxation (Grisel syndrome)

11 Tropical ENT infections

• Common infections
• Rhinoscleroma
• Leishmaniasis
• Rhinosporidiosis
• Leprosy of the nose
• Anthrax

Index

Book Details

• Hardcover: 110 pages
• Publisher: Clinical Publishing Services; 1 edition (March 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 184692006X
• ISBN-13: 978-1846920066
• Product Dimensions: 11.2 x 9.1 x 0.5 inches

List Price: $99.95

Shetty: Infectious Disease: Pathogenesis, Prevention and Case Studies

Infectious Disease: Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Case Studies is a new textbook written in the modern era of widespread and ready access to internet resources. The book is aimed at university students with interest in infectious diseases. The level of the text is at an intermediate to senior undergraduate college level and will give the student a sense of the many areas of infectious disease in which he/she may want to specialize further, e.g. an infectious disease clinician, a public health physician, a basic science researcher, or perhaps even a medical journalist specializing in infectious diseases.
Topics covered include hospital-acquired infections, emerging and re-emerging infections, infections in the immunocompromised, in pregnancy and in children. The multidisciplinary text makes it suitable for clinical (and perhaps some more basic) microbiology, public health and infectious disease epidemiology courses. A special feature is the extensive use of illustrative clinical cases (many of them based on real cases seen by the authors), which have been included to reinforce some of the concepts touched upon in that chapter.
The text is organized into chapters on infections of specific organ systems as well as chapters on specific organisms. This has been done to allow the text to be used on a wide variety of different courses, as well as by different student learning strategies. The style as well as the detail of the text varies from chapter to chapter, reflecting the specialties of the individual authors, but also includes standard items, i.e. sections on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment, as well as Q&A sections (with answers in the back) and boxes describing specific areas of interest and relevance in each chapter theme. Other boxes are designed to encourage students to think about certain issues, and here, answers are not provided and the student is encouraged to read further.
The textbook is sufficient for a complete course in infectious diseases, covering all the major pathogen groups (i.e. bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses). It can also be used in specialist modules that may last only one or two semesters, e.g. on hospital-acquired infections, emerging infections, infections of childhood, pregnancy, returning travelers, or the immunocompromised. Teaching can be organized at an organ system level, with specialist modules on specific organisms, e.g. respiratory infections with further detail in a chapter on influenza or infections of the immunocompromised with a specialist chapter on HIV. Although there is extensive cross-referencing between the chapters, each chapter has been written to also stand alone, and the book does not necessarily need to be read in the order in which the chapters are presented.
Since the worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks of 2003, the ongoing
HIV/AIDS pandemic, and the more recent preparedness for a possibly approaching influenza pandemic,
internet resources for infectious diseases have become invaluable for tracking and updating information on infectious diseases worldwide. These include comprehensive, easily navigated websites at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/), the World Health Organization (WHO: http://www.who.int/), and email alert systems like ProMED (http://www.promedmail.org/). In addition, there are now excellent online medical resources, such as eMedicine (http://www.emedicine.com/) and Medscape (www.medscape.com/).
This text incorporates some of these online resources as part of the recommended ‘Further Reading’ in many of the chapters, as it is understood by the authors that the reference journal articles and textbooks, which are also listed, may be less accessible to many readers.
In addition, many of the images used in the book are from freely available online resources, particularly the CDC Public Health Image Library (http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp), which allows students to download such images (after having been directed to them by the main text) for their own use, either as revision and aidé-memoirs, or for their own presentations. A CD is also included containing other images created specially for this book for similar purposes.
This text has been reviewed by teaching staff at many universities. The authors have taken the feedback/comments seriously and made appropriate amendments to the text to enhance its quality for both accuracy and student teaching.

Contents
PART 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1 Microbial etiology of disease
2 Structure and function of microbes
3 Host defence versus microbial pathogenesis and the mechanisms of microbial escape
4 Diagnosis of microbial infection
5 General principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy
6 Basic concepts of the epidemiology of infectious diseases
PART 2 A SYSTEMS BASED APPROACH TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES
7 Infections of the skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint
8 Gastroenteritis
9 Cardiac and respiratory tract infections
10 Infections of the central nervous system
11 Infections of the genitourinary system
PART 3 INFECTIONS IN SPECIAL GROUPS
12 Obstetric, congenital and neonatal infections
13 Infections in the immunocompromised host
14 Healthcare associated infections
15 The fever and rash conundrum: rashes of childhood
PART 4 INFECTIONS OF GLOBAL IMPACT
16 Tuberculosis
17 Malaria
18 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
19 Viral hepatitis
20 Influenza
21 Infections in the returning traveler
PART 5 EMERGING AND RESURGENT INFECTIONS
22 Viral hemorrhagic fevers
23 Emerging infections I (human monkeypox, hantaviruses, Nipah virus, Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya)
24 Emerging infections II (West Nile virus, dengue, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus)
25 Diphtheria
26 Agents of bioterrorism
Answers to test yourself questions
Index

Book Details

• Hardcover: 664 pages
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 1 edition (May 19, 2009)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1405135433
• ISBN-13: 978-1405135436
• Product Dimensions: 10.9 x 8.8 x 1.4 inches

List Price: $129.95

Bennett and Brachman's Hospital Infections 5th Edition

Prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections or HAIs has become the focus of many efforts at the local, national, and international level. Although for decades, infection control professionals and others interested in healthcare epidemiology in healthcare facilities have focused their attention on surveillance and control of HAIs, it is only most recently that the public is demanding accountability for the prevention and control of preventable HAIs. This has led to a movement for public reporting of HAI rates, the passing of legislation in many states requiring public reporting of HAIs, and an intensification of efforts to prevent and control these infections. 

In the past, most in infection control used “benchmarking” to self-assess. That is, if their healthcare facilities HAI rate was at or below the median reported rate for other similar facilities (often compared with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's [CDC's] National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance [NNIS] system data), then no further action was necessary. However, recent interventions suggest that an even greater proportion of HAIs are preventable than previously estimated. The goal of this fifth edition of Hospital Infections is to provide the reader with the latest in the field of healthcare epidemiology and HAI prevention and control and to provide the tools to move the field of healthcare epidemiology and infection control to zero tolerance, i.e., the goal of preventing all the preventable HAIs that we possibly can. 

Over the past several decades, there have been tremendous advances in the field of healthcare epidemiology and infection control. Like the delivery of healthcare, the field of healthcare epidemiology and infection control has moved from surveillance and control of HAIs in hospitals to include all inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings, including long-term care, rehabilitative care, acute, acute step-down, transitional care, etc. Each of these settings has unique issues to address in healthcare epidemiology and infection control. In addition, the field of healthcare epidemiology has advanced to include infectious and non-infectious processes. In this new edition of Hospital Infections, we address many of these issues. 

Over half of the authors of chapters in this edition of Hospital Infections are new. Thus, the material is new and updated to include the latest in the field. We have tried to address healthcare epidemiology and infection control issues in surveillance, prevention, patient safety, and more in all settings from the small community hospital to large referral centers, inpatient and outpatient settings. We provide the approaches to surveillance as outlined from the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network or NHSN; approaches to cost and cost benefit analyses of HAI prevention programs; the risk factors for HAIs and the measures proven to prevent or reduce these infections—focusing on the evidence upon which these recommendations are based. 

Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens or ARPs have become a major public health crisis. Since the late 1970s, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become endemic in most healthcare facilities throughout the world (with a few exceptions—such as facilities in Northern Europe and West Australia). During the 1990s, we saw the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) in the United States and, within a decade, it also has become endemic in many healthcare facilities. Increasingly HAIs are being caused by pathogens with greater and greater resistance to antimicrobials. We no longer can rely on the pharmaceutical industry to develop the next great antimicrobial to treat patients with ARP infections. We are returning to the pre-antibiotic era for some of our HAI pathogens—such as the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate or vancomycin-resistant S. aureus or pan-resistant Acinetobacter spp.! The prevention of transmission of these and other ARPs will be dependent upon the implementation of proven infection control measures. Improving the stewardship of antimicrobials may reduce the emergence of such strains, but only the complete adherence to proven infection control measures will prevent the transmission of such strains in our healthcare facilities. Because of the importance of this issue, we have included several chapters addressing the topic from the microbiologic (mechanisms of resistance and how to detect them), epidemiologic (risk factors and modes of transmission) and interventional (evidence-based methods to prevent the emergence or transmission of these pathogens) perspective. 

Healthcare epidemiology and infection control activities no longer are just important in developed countries. Rather, the prevention and control of HAIs is a critical component of effective patient safety programs in all healthcare settings in the world. For that reason, we have invited renowned authors from around the world to address critical elements of successful infection prevention and control programs, such as hand hygiene, pandemic influenza, and patient safety. We hope that by including the perspective of those throughout the world that we can bring the healthcare epidemiology and infection control communities together and enhance the speed of improvement of infection control and healthcare epidemiology activities in all healthcare facilities throughout the world. 

Finally, over the last several years, two areas of infection control have surfaced with great fanfare and media attention. The first is medical errors and patient safety and the second is public reporting of HAI rates. Since the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report on Medical Errors, greater emphasis has been focused in healthcare facilities on surveillance of and prevention of non-infectious disease adverse events. We have included a chapter on patient safety to increase knowledge in this area and to illustrate how healthcare epidemiology and infection control processes can easily be applied to non-infectious disease adverse events. Many healthcare epidemiology and infection control programs have assumed responsibility for the patient safety program. It is important to remember that HAIs are the major cause of adverse patient events causing morbidity and mortality and the advances made in infection control are testimony to the cost-efficacy of investing over the years in infection prevention and control programs. Despite these advances, the public demands more access to HAI rate data to make informed decisions about their healthcare. Thus, the movement for public reporting of HAI rates was born. We have included a chapter on public reporting of HAI rates. This chapter emphasizes the importance of providing the consumer with validated and risk adjusted rates. We should take the lead in educating legislators, consumers, and others on the advances we have made in the past two decades on calculating risk-adjusted HAI rates for valid inter- or intra-healthcare facility rate comparisons. We are entering an era of zero tolerance for HAIs. The healthcare epidemiology and infection control community should take the enormous advances in knowledge contained in this edition of Hospital Infections and insure that the prevention interventions are fully implemented, so that as many preventable HAIs as possible are prevented, with the ultimate goal being that all preventable HAIs are being prevented. If prevention is primary, action is essential!

Key Features 

• Thoroughly updated Fifth Edition of the most influential reference on healthcare-associated infections.
• Written by internationally recognized experts, many affiliated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, consultants to the World Health Organization, and active members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Association of Professionals in Infection Control (APIC), Inc., and the International Foundation for Infection Control (IFIC).
• The most comprehensive, up-to-date guide to healthcare epidemiology and infection control in all types of healthcare facilities.

New to this edition

• More than half the chapters have new authors, who are recognized worldwide experts in their field.
• Important new chapters cover patient safety; public reporting; avian influenza; SARS; controlling antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially MRSA and VRE; healthcare-associated infections caused by newer invasive procedures and devices, including invasive cardiology; use of computers in infection surveillance and control; and the practice of healthcare-associated infection control and prevention in all types of settings, including acute, long-term care, outpatient, and dialysis centers.
• Many chapters are entirely new; all others have been updated to include the latest material.
• New two-color design.

Contents 
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF HOSPITAL INFECTIONS:

• Epidemiology of Healthcare-associated Infections
• The Healthcare Epidemiologist
• Hand Hygiene
• Personnel Health Services
• The Development of Infection Surveillance & Control Programs
• Surveillance of Healthcare-associated Infections
• Investigating Endemic & Epidemic Healthcare-associated Infections
• Statistical Considerations for Analysis of Healthcare-associated Infections Data
• Use of Computerized Systems in Healthcare Epidemiology
• The Role of the Laboratory in Control of Healthcare-associated Infections
• The Practice of Epidemiology in Community Hospitals
• The Role of Professional & Regulatory Organizations in Infection Control
• Antibiotics Control & Healthcare-associated Infections
• Multiply Drug-Resistant Pathogens: Epidemiology & Control
• Molecular Biology of Resistance
• Economic Evaluation of Healthcare-associated Infections & Infection Control Interventions
• Legal Aspects of Healthcare-associated Infections

FUNCTIONAL AREAS AND CONCERN:

• Infection Control in Developing Countries
• The Inanimate Environment
• Sterilization & Disinfection
• Foodborne Disease Prevention in Healthcare Facilities
• Clinical Laboratory-Acquired Infections
• Dialysis-associated Complications & Their Control
• The Intensive Care Unit, Part 1
• The Newborn Nursery
• The Intensive Care Unit, Part 2
• The Operating Room Ambulatory Care Centers

ENDEMIC & EPIDEMIC HOSPITAL INFECTIONS:

• Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities
• Incidence & Nature of Endemic & Epidemic Healthcare-associated Infections
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis
• Infectious Gastroenteritis
• Central Nervous System Infections
• Surgical Site Infections
• Infections of Burn Wounds
• Infections of Implantable Cardiac & Vascular Devices
• Infections In Skeletal Prostheses
• The Importance of Infection Control in Controlling Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens
• Healthcare-associated Respiratory Viral Infections
• Blood Borne Pathogen Prevention
• Infections Due to Infusion Therapy
• Healthcare-Associated Fungal Infections
• Infection in Transplant Recipients
• Other Procedure-Related Infections
• Public Reporting of Healthcare-associated Infection Rates
• Patient Safety

Book Details

• Hardcover: 816 pages
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Fifth edition (October 31, 2007)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0781763835
• ISBN-13: 978-0781763837 
• Product Dimensions: 10.9 x 8.6 x 1.3 inches

List Price: $239.00

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapy

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common intrauterine transmitted viral infection, and has a tremendous impact on fetuses and newborns.
In this book the history of this disease, its pathophysiological background, epidemiology and symptoms, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, will be discussed. Starting with an outline of the historical background (Chapter 1 – “Long known. Long ignored”), Chapters 2–5 are dedicated to the topics of virus–host interaction for defence and transmission, epidemiology (and the influence of socioeconomic differences), diagnosis and clinical outcome (written by Th.W. Orlikowsky) respectively. Strategies for disease prevention and therapy are delineated in Chapter 6.
As economic aspects are gainingmore and more importance in health politics, Chapter 7 (written by E.Walter, Ch. Brennig and V. Schِllbauer), is dedicated to this issue in the context of congenital CMV infection.
This work is based on the latest scientific findings and written in an understandable manner, allowing persons not working in the field of congenital CMV to profit from it as well.Thus, the content is of interest for medical doctors, nurses,midwives, economists, but also for a wider audience, i. e. to all who want to inform themselves about this topic. In this sense, it should not only help towards a better understanding of congenital cytomegalovirus infection, but also stimulate further research.

Contents
1 Long known, long ignored – a brief history of cytomegalovirus research
1.1 Beginnings: 1881–1914
1.2 Between the wars: 1914–1930
1.3 From 1930 to 1960
1.4 From 1960 to the present
2 Virus-host interaction for defence and transmission
2.1 The virus
2.2 The host
2.2.1 Cell types involved in replication and distribution
2.2.2 The immune system – strengths and weakness
2.2.3 The placenta – a barrier?
2.2.4 Cytomegalovirus – placenta – fetus: a slippery slope between defence and transmission
3 Epidemiology – the influence of socioeconomic differences
3.1 Infant mortality as a social mirror
3.2 One effect – many causes
3.2.1 Maternal aetiology
3.2.2 Foetal aetiology
3.2.3 Placental aetiology
3.3 Epidemiology of congenital CMV infection
3.3.1 Congenital CMV and virus strains
References
4 Prospects and obstacles of diagnosis
4.1 Screening for congenital CMV infection
4.1.1 Screening of the mother
4.1.2 Screening of the newborn
4.2 Diagnosis of congenital CMV infection
4.2.1 Prenatal diagnosis
4.2.2 Neonatal diagnosis
5 Clinical outcome: acute symptoms and sleeping hazards
5.1 Relevance of connatal CMV infection for the paediatrician and neonatologist
5.2 The tip of the iceberg
5.3 Lucky chance by neonatal immune response
5.4 Features of symptomatic CMV infection
5.5 Timing of infection
5.6 Symptoms of the central nervous system in detai
5.6.1 Microcephaly
5.6.2 Ocular defects
5.6.3 Hearing loss
5.6.4 Mental and psychomotor retardation
5.6.5 Seizures 
5.7 Unspecific symptoms in detail
5.7.1 Temperature instability
5.7.2 Perfusion and rash
5.7.3 Lung
5.7.4 Liver
5.7.5 Jaundice
5.7.6 Spleen
5.7.7 Platelet system
5.7.8 Anaemia
5.7.9 Gastrointestinal tract
5.8 Asymptomatic infection
5.9 Differential diagnosis
References
6 Prevention and therapy –more than trial and error
6.1 Antivirals
6.1.1 Treatment of pregnant women
6.1.2 Treatment of neonates
6.2 Passive immunisation
6.3 Active immunisation (vaccination)
7 How to save money: congenital CMV infection and the economy
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methodology
7.2.1 Incidence-based approach
7.2.2 Cost calculation
7.2.3 Cost of sequelae
7.3 Cost of illness in Germany
7.3.1 Total societal costs 
7.3.2 Sensitivity analysis
7.3.3 Impact through prevention
7.4 Discussion
Index
List of contributors 

Book Details

• Hardcover: 163 pages
• Publisher: Springer; 1st edition (March 9, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 3709102073
• ISBN-13: 978-3709102077
• Product Dimensions: 9.4 x 6.4 x 0.6 inches

List Price: $189.00

Guerrant: Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice 3rd edition (Expert Consult Series)

In our rapidly changing world, both tropical infectious diseases and, contemporaneously, the third edition of Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice have evolved substantially since the first and second editions of the book in 1999 and 2006. New agents and new threats from terrorism, increasing antimicrobial resistance, and climate and ecologic changes have created some “perfect storms,” as noted in a new Chapter 2 by Torres-Velez and Brown. Other entirely new chapters by new authors include those on Vaccines, SARS, separate Hepatitis A–E chapters, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Tick-borne Encephalitis and Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever, Human Papillomavirus, and mucormycosis. In addition, the number of authors has increased from 231 to 271, with the number of international contributors nearly doubling from 54 to 102, representing 38 (including 15 new) countries around the world.

As well as the new, topically pertinent chapters, all chapters from the previous edition have been thoroughly revised and updated, and this third edition also benefits from new, full color presentations of illustrative, clinical and scientific material throughout. Life cycle diagrams that follow the original format of human involvement in the top half and environmental stages in the bottom half, with clinically pertinent boxes annotating the human disease manifestations of infection during the pathogens' development in humans, are also presented in full color. Further life cycle diagrams have been included to illustrate additional microbial pathogens. The book has been condensed into a more handy single volume, while still retaining our philosophy and mission of providing useful, authoritative, scholarly, and contemporary knowledge. Consistent with our interests in providing a fully referenced text that is evidence-based and founded in current published knowledge, all chapters are fully referenced; the references are easily accessible, together with their abstracts, via on-line links.

What has not changed is our steadfast commitment to comprehensive excellence that combines cutting edge molecular and pathophysiologic science and epidemiology with practical clinical and field experience and is reflected throughout by our outstanding authors. Our authors are the best in their fields, and we are privileged to benefit from their perspectives on the most relevant science, medicine and epidemiology of tropical infectious diseases. To them we owe a huge debt of gratitude.

Finally, we thank our superbly capable and organized Development Editor, Sharon Nash. Likewise, we thank Mary Ann Winecoff, Rachel Stella, Doris Baker, and Sherrill Hebert, our Publishing Director, Sue Hodgson, and our Project Manager, Frances Affleck, whose labors have made this completely new, full color volume possible. We also acknowledge our spouses, Nancy, Margie, and Anne, who have again supported us as we have endeavored with our authors to produce an extensively updated third edition of Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice.

- The Authors - 

 

Book features

• Obtain complete and trustworthy advice from hundreds of the leading experts on tropical diseases worldwide, including cutting-edge summaries of pathophysiology and epidemiology as well as clinical management.

Website Features

• Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
• Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
• Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
• Images: Browse a Library of all book images. Easily select, organize, and download your images into a presentation. 

New in this edition

• Get the latest answers on vaccines, SARS, hepatitis A-E, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis and Omsk hemorrhagic fever, human papilloma virus, mucormycosis, and much more.
• Implement best practices from all over the world with guidance from almost twice as many international authors - over 100 representing more than 35 countries.
• Accurately view the clinical manifestations of each disease and visualize the life cycles of infectious agents with new full-color images throughout.
• Access the complete contents online at www.expertconsult.com, rapidly searchable; rapidly locate and download all of the images in either PowerPoint or JPEG format; and follow links to PubMed abstracts for most references.
• Reference the book more easily thanks to a new streamlined, single-volume format, with all of the references online.

Be fully prepared to treat both the expected and the unfamiliar with Guerrant, Walker and Weller's ultimate encyclopedic guide to tropical medicine.

Contents 

PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

• 1. Principles of Parasitism: Host Parasite Interactions
• 2. Factors in Influencing Geographic Distribution and Incidence of Tropical Infectious Diseases
• 3. Epidemiology in Tropical Medicine
• 4. Population Dynamics of Infectious Diseases in the Tropics
• 5. Social and Cultural Factors in Tropical Medicine
• 6. Nutrition-Infection Interaction
• 7. Micronutrients in Infection
• 8. Host Genetics and Susceptibility to Infection
• 9. Disease Eradication and Control
• 10. Travelers’ and Immigrants; Health
• 11. Military Populations
• 12. Vector Biology
• 13. Animal Poisons in the Tropics
• 14. Plant Toxins in the Tropics
• 15. HIV and AIDS in the Tropics
• 16. Immunology, Host Defense, Immunodeficiencies, and Vaccines
• 17. Tropical Infectious Diseases and Malignancy
• 18. Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases
• 19. Chemotherapy of Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Diseases
• 20. Surveillance for Emerging Diseases
• 21. Distinguishing Bioterrorism from Endemic Tropical Infections

PATHOGENS
A. Bacterial and Mycobacterial Infections

• 22. Eneric Escherichia coli
• 23. Typhoid Fever
• 24. Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis
• 25. Shigellosis
• 26. Campylobacter Infections
• 27. Cholera
• 28. “Noncholera” Vibrio Infections
• 29. Enteric Clostridium Infections
• 30. Helicobacter pylori Infections
• 31. Meningococcal Infections
• 32. Genococcal and Other Neisserial Infections
• 33. Haemophilus Infections
• 34. Calymmatobacterium granulomatis Infections
  37. Pertussis
• 38. Legionellosis
• 39. Meliodosis
• 40. Diptheria
• 41. Tuberculosis and Atypical Mycobacterial Infections
• 42. Leprosy
• 43. Anthrax
• 44. Bartonelloses
• 45. Brucellosis
• 46. Plague
• 47. Tetanus

B. Spirochetal Infections

• 8. Treponemal Infections
• 49. Relapsing Fever
• 50. Leptospirosis

C. Chlamydial Infections

• 51. Trachoma
• 52. Chlamydia trachomatis Infections of the Genital Tract
• 53. Psittacosis

D. Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Infections

• 54. Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses
• 55. Typhus Group Rickettsioses
• 56. Scrub Typhus
• 57. Ehrlichioses
• 58. Q. Fever

E. Fungal Infections

• 59. Dermatophytosis
• 60. Mycetoma
• 61. Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis
• 62. Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Coccidiodomycosis, Paracoccidiodomycosis
• 63. Penicilliosis marneffei
• 64. Candid Infections
• 65. Enomophthoramycosis, Lobomycosis, Rhinosporidiosis, and Sporotrichosis
• 66. Pneumocystosis

F. Protozoan Infections

• 67. Enteric Amebiasis
• 68. Intestinal Flagellate and Ciliate Infections
• 69. Intestinal Coccidial Infections
• 70. Malaria
• 71. Babesiosis
• 72. African Trypanosomiasis
• 73. American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ Diseases)
• 74. Leishmaniasis
• 75. Free-Living Amebae
• 76. Non-intestinal Flagellates
• 77. Systemic Coccidian
• 78. Microsporidiosis

G. Nematode Infections

• 79. FilariasisLoiasis and Mansonella Infections
• 80. Onchocer
• 85. Angiostrongyliasis
• 86. Other Tissue Nematode Infections
• 87. Enterobiasis
• 88. Trichuriasis
• 89. Ascariasis
• 90. Hookworm Infections
• 91. Strongloidiasis

H. Cestode Infections

• 92. Overview of Cestode Infections
• 93. Taeniasis
• 94. Cysticercosis
• 95. Diphyllobothriasis
• 96. Echinococcosis
• 97. Other Cestode Infections

I. Trematode Infections

• 98. Schistosomiasis
• 99. Liver, Lung, and Intestinal Fluke Infections

J. Viral Infections

• 100. Measles
• 101. Human Herpesvirus
• 102. Smallpox and Monkeypox
• 103. Influenza Virus
• 104. Enterovirus Infections, Including Poliomyelitis
• 105. Rotavirus Infections
• 106. Calicivirus Infectins
• 107. Astrovirus
• 108. Hepatitis
• 109. Overview of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
• 110. Arenavirus Infections
• 111. Bunyaviral Fevers
• 112. Hantavirus Infections
• 113. Other Bunyavirus Infections
• 114. Filovirus Infections
• 115. Yellow Fever
• 116. Dengue and Dengue Humorrhagic Fever
• 117. Alphavirus Infectins
• 118. Rabies

K. Retroviral Infections

• 119. AIDS and AIDS-Related Infections

L. Ectoparasitic Infections

• 120. Arthropids, Tongue Worms, Leeches, and Arthropod-Borne Diseases

PRACTICE APPROACH TO PATIENTS

• 121. Health Advise to International Travelers
• 122. Gastrointestinal Symptons
• 123. Fever and Systemic Symptoms
• 124. Eosinophilia
• 125. Cutaneous Lesions
• 126. Hepatobiliary Diseases
• 127. Pulmonary Diseas
• 133. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Coinfecting Tropical Infectious Diseases
• 134. Travel-Related Health Concerns Associated with Extremes of the Environment

About the Author

• Richard L Guerrant MD, Thomas H Hunter Professor of International Medicine Director, Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville VA USA.
• David H Walker MD, Carmage and Martha Walls Distinguished University Chair in Tropical Diseases Director, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases Professor and Chair, Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA.
• Peter F Weller MD, Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Professor, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Dept, Harvard School of Public Health Chief, Infectious Disease Division Vice Chair of Research, Dept. of Medicine Boston MA USA. 

Product Details

 

• Hardcover: 1156 pages
• Publisher: Saunders; 3 edition (April 12, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0702039357
• ISBN-13: 978-0702039355
• Product Dimensions: 8.9 x 2.2 x 1 inches

List Price: $359.00