Green: Understanding Health Insurance: A Guide to Billing and Reimbursement with CD-ROM

Accurate processing of health insurance claims has become more exacting and rigorous as health insurance plan options have rapidly expanded. These changes, combined with modifications in state and federal regulations affecting the health insurance industry, are a constant challenge to healthcare personnel. Those responsible for processing health insurance claims require thorough instruction in all aspects of medical insurance, including plan options, payer requirements, state and federal regulations, abstracting of source documents, accurate completion of claims, and coding of diagnoses and procedures/services. Understanding Health Insurance provides the required information in a clear and comprehensive manner.

The objectives of this text are to:

• 1. Introduce information about major insurance programs and federal healthcare legislation.
• 2. Provide a basic knowledge of national diagnosis and procedure coding systems.
• 3. Simplify the process of completing claims.

This text is designed to be used by college and vocational school programs to train medical assistants, medical insurance specialists, coding and reimbursement specialists, and health information technicians. It can also be used as an in-service training tool for new medical office personnel and independent billing services, or individually by claims processors in the healthcare field who want to develop or enhance their skills.

KEY FEATURES

Major features of this text have been updated and expanded:

• Key terms, section headings, and learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter help to organize the material. They can be used as a self-test for checking comprehension and mastery of chapter content. Boldfaced key terms appear throughout each chapter to help learners master the technical vocabulary associated with claims processing.
• Coding exercises are located within the respective coding chapters: ICD-9-CM Coding, CPT Coding, HCPCS Level II Coding, and Coding for Medical Necessity. Answers to coding exercises are available from your instructor.
• Exercises in Chapters 11–17 help students develop claims completion skills.
• Numerous examples are provided in each chapter to illustrate the correct application of rules and guidelines.
• Notes clarify chapter content, focusing the student’s attention on important concepts. Coding Tips provide practical suggestions for mastering the use of the CPT, HCPCS, and ICD-9-CM coding manuals. HIPAA Alerts draw attention to the impact of this legislation on privacy and security requirements for patient health information.
• End-of-chapter reviews reinforce learning and are in multiple-choice format. Answers to chapter reviews are available from your instructor.
• The practice CD-ROM provided with the text includes SIMClaim and StudyWareTM software, as well as a free trial version of Ingenix’s Encoder Pro software. SIMClaim contains case studies (also found in Appendix I and Appendix II of the textbook) that include billing data and patient histories and allow for data entry on CMS-1500 claims and immediate feedback. The complete SIMClaim Procedure Manual is easily accessed on the CD-ROM and provides complete instructions for working with the software. StudyWareTM helps students learn key terms and concepts presented in each chapter by automating chapter exercises. This allows students to complete the exercises multiple times and receive immediate feedback about correct and incorrect answers. (Instructions for using Encoder Pro, SIMClaim and StudyWare are located at the end of this preface.)

NEW TO THIS EDITION

• Chapter 1: A new section about health insurance career opportunities was added, and the professional credentials section was renamed professionalism. New content was also added about internships, professionalism, and telephone skills.
• Chapter 2: Table 2-1 was renamed “significant events of health care reimbursement,” and its content was revised to include only the most significant events. New sections covering medical documentation and the electronic health record (EHR) were added.
• Chapter 3: A table containing the “history of managed care” was relocated to the online companion. Table 3-1 was renamed “significant managed care federal legislation.”
• Chapter 4: The chapter was renamed “Processing Insurance Claims.” New content about electronic data interchange (EDI) was added.
• Chapter 5: New content was added, such as the Medicare Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) Program.
• Chapter 6: New chapter sections include an overview of ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS and medical necessity. ICD-9-CM coding guidelines and codes are updated. ICD-10-CM alerts were added throughout the chapter to help faculty and students become familiar with differences between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding.
• Chapter 7: CPT coding guidelines and codes are updated.
• Chapter 8: HCPCS level II guidelines and codes are updated.
• Chapter 9: Updated content about reimbursement systems has been added.
• Chapter 11: Content about automobile, disability, and liability was relocated from chapter 2, and ICD-10-CM codes were added. (ICD-9-CM codes are also included.)
• Chapter 12: A new section about completing group health plans CMS-1500 claims has been added.
• Chapter 15: A new section about completing SCHIP claims has been added.
• Chapters 12-17: ICD-10-CM codes were added. (ICD-9-CM codes are also included.)
• Fully updated to include the latest industry guidelines and standards.
• New content about the electronic health record, medical documentation, and electronic data interchange.
• Additional ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS coverage to anticipate the transition in 2013, including an ICD-10-CM Alert! feature that displays ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes side-by-side.
• SIMClaim practice software has improved functionality in feedback mode, targeted block help with video, and the option to print completed forms to PDF for easy emailing and printing.
• StudyWareTM scenario-based coding cases have been updated and use multimediato enhance coding practice.

ORGANIZATION OF THIS TEXTBOOK

• Chapter outlines, key terms, and end-of-chapter summaries facilitate student learning.
• A Study Checklist at the end of each chapter directs learners to various methods of review, reinforcement, and testing.
• Chapter 1, Health Insurance Specialist Career, contains an easy-to-read table that delineates training requirements for health insurance specialists.
• Chapter 2, Introduction to Health Insurance, contains content about healthcare insurance developments.
• Chapter 3, Managed Health Care, contains content about managed care plans, consumer-directed health plans, health savings accounts, and flexible spending accounts.
• Chapter 4, Processing an Insurance Claim, contains content about managing an office visit for a new or established patient, claims processing steps, and the denials/appeals process.
• Chapter 5, Legal and Regulatory Issues, emphasizes confidentiality of patient information, retention of patient information and health insurance records, the Federal False Claims Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, and federal laws and events that affect health care.
• Chapter 6, ICD-9-CM Coding, contains coding guidelines and coding rules with examples. The coding conventions for the Index to Diseases and the Tabular List of Diseases are located in tables within the chapter, and examples of coding manual entries are included. The chapter review includes coding exercises, which are organized according to the sections in the ICD-9-CM Tabular List of Diseases.
• Chapter 7, CPT Coding, follows the organization of CPT sections. The chapterreview includes coding exercises organized by CPT section.
• Chapter 8, HCPCS Level II Coding, has been updated to reflect revised codes and descriptions.
• Chapter 9, CMS Reimbursement Methodologies, contains information about reimbursement systems implemented since 1983 (including the Medicare physician fee schedule), hospital revenue cycle management, the chargemaster, and the UB-04 (CMS-1450) claim. (A separate chapter about the UB-04 claim is not included in this textbook. The UB-04 claim is automatically generated upon entry of chargemaster data in the facility’s patient accounting system.)
• Chapter 10, Coding for Medical Necessity, contains tables that allow learners to organize answers to exercises. A chapter review contains evaluation and management coding practice exercises.
• Chapter 11, Essential CMS-1500 Claim Instructions, contains updated content, and information about automobile, disability, and liability insurance.
• Claims completion instructions in Chapters 12–17 are revised according to changes implemented by third-party and government payers. Claims completion instructions are located in an easy-to-read table format.

SUPPLEMENTS

Instructor’s Manual, contains the following sections:

• Section I - Preparing Your Course
• Section II - Answer Keys to Textbook Chapter Exercises and Reviews
• Section III - Chapter Exams and Answer Keys to Chapter Exams
• Section IV - Answer Keys to Textbook Appendix Case Studies
• Section V - Instructor’s Materials
• Section VI - Answer Keys to Workbook Chapter Assignments
• Section VII - Answer Key to Mock CMRS Exam
• Section VIII - Answer Key to Mock CPC-P Exam

 

Contents 

• 1. Health Insurance Specialist Career.
• 2. Introduction to Health Insurance.
• 3. Managed Health Care.
• 4. Processing of an Insurance Claim.
• 5. Legal and Regulatory Issues.
• 6. ICD-9-CM Coding.
• 7. CPT Coding.
• 8. HCPCS Level II Coding.
• 9. CMS Reimbursement Methodologies.
• 10. Coding for Medical Necessity.
• 11. Essential CMS-1500 Claim Instructions.
• 12. Commercial Insurance.
• 13. Blue Cross Blue.
• 14. Medicare.
• 15. Medicaid.
• 16. TRICARE.
• 17. Workers' Compensation.
• APPENDICES.
• Bibliography.
• Glossary.
• Index.

About the Authors

• Michelle A. Green is a SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor at Alfred State College in Alfred, New York. She is an active member of the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) and the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). She is the recipient of many awards in recognition of her teaching excellence, including the State University of New York Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching, Alfred State College Alumni Association's Teacher of the Year, AHIMA's Educator of the Year, and Alfred State College's first Innovator Award. Ms. Green holds an MPS, is a Registered Health Information Administrator (RHIA), a Fellow of the American Health Information Management Association (FAHIMA) and a Certified Professional Coder (CPC).
• Jo Ann C. Rowell ia a Founder and Former Chairperson, Medical Assisting Department Anne Arundel Community College, Arnold, MD.

Product Details

• Paperback: 687 pages
• Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning; 10 Revised & enlarged edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1111035180
• ISBN-13: 978-1111035181
• Product Dimensions: 10.8 x 8.5 x 1.2 inches

List Price: $105.95 

 

Buppert Nurse Practitioner's Business Practice and Legal Guide 4th Edition with CD-ROM

Now in its Fourth Edition, best-selling Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide continues to provide a solid foundation for students and practicing nurses to build confident and effective practices. A must-have resource for every new or current Nurse Practitioner (NP), it defines what an NP is and does while explaining the legal scope with specific state and federal regulations.

Completely updated and revised with crucial state-by-state appendices, Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide, Fourth Edition offers expert insights on prescribing, hospital privileges, negligence and malpractice, risk management, health policy, ethics, and measuring NP performance. Further, it addresses important issues such as:

• Developing an employment relationship
• Undertaking a business venture
• Giving testimony before the state legislature
• Composing a letter to an insurance company about an unpaid bill
• Teaching at a school of nursing
• Serving as president of a state or national organization

Includes a CD-ROM with customizable evaluation forms and plans!

Contents 

• Chapter 1 What Is a Nurse Practitioner?
• Chapter 2 Legal Scope of Nurse Practitioner Practice
• Chapter 3 State Regulation of Nurse Practitioner Practice
• Chapter 4 Federal Regulation of the Nurse Practitioner Profession
• Chapter 5 Prescribing
• Chapter 6 Hospital Privileges
• Chapter 7 Negligence and Malpractice
• Chapter 8 Risk Management
• Chapter 9 Reimbursement for Nurse Practitioner Services
• Chapter 10 The Employed Nurse Practitioner
• Chapter 11 Practice Ownership: Legal Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner
• Chapter 12 Lawmaking and Health Policy
• Chapter 13 Promoting the Profession to the Public
• Chapter 14 Standards of Care for Nurse Practitioner Practice
• Chapter 15 Measuring Nurse Practitioner Performance
• Chapter 16 Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
• Chapter 17 Strategies for NPs

About the Author

• Carolyn Buppert, MSN, JD, ANP, is uniquely qualified to provide expert, practical business and legal guidance to NP, prospective NPs, and those who employ them. She currently maintains a legal practice specializing in legal and business issues in primary care. She is president of Better Life in Health Care Systems, which contracts with businesses for NP services. She also practices as an NP as Director of Student Health at St. John’s College in Bethesda, MD.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 520 pages
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 4 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0763799742
• ISBN-13: 978-0763799748
• Product Dimensions: 10 x 7.2 x 1.4 inches

List Price: $114.95 

 

Darr: Ethics in Health Services Management 5th Edition

The ethical dimensions of managing health services are daunting. The newest edition of Ethics in Health Services Management provides the principles to educate students and guide practitioners as they strive to make the "right" decision when ethical problems arise. This highly regarded volume teaches managers how to recognize and respond confidently to the challenges of ethics and conduct in health services management.

Offering a solid foundation for effectively identifying and solving ethical problems, this book objectively examines the difficult choices and ethical implications raised as managers operationalize the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. It examines the role of the organization's culture and its values, mission, and vision. Specific attention is given to the importance of the manager’s personal ethic, various types of specialized ethics committees, and the role of professional codes of ethics. Further, the author thoughtfully explores numerous topics that affect contemporary health services organizations.

• Moral frameworks to apply to one's personal ethic.
• The importance of virtue ethics.
• Futility theory and futile treatment guidelines.
• Organizational philosophies and mission statements.
• Selecting new staff members using values compatibility.
• Systems conflict and conflicts of interest.
• Quality improvement as an ethical imperative.
• Determinants of patient consent.
• Issues surrounding physician-assisted suicide and patient autonomy.
• Ethics in marketing and managed care.
• Challenges of resource allocation.
• and much more.

Filled with practical, problem-solving strategies and useful tools, this updated and expanded text features more cases than the previous edition, including seven all-new cases. Also new to this edition are expanded attention to public health and the coordination of community health services.

Ethics in Health Services Management will educate and inform those who would be leaders in health services organizations. Readers will come to understand their roles as moral agents, expected to balance the demands of the organization with the autonomy, primacy, and protection of patients. This is an indispensible text for health services management education and a primer for both clinical and nonclinical managers.

Contents 

Section I: Identifying and Solving Ethical Problems

• Considering Moral Philosophies and Principles
• Resolving Ethical Issues

Section II: Guiding Ethical Decision Making

• Organizational Values, Vision, and Mission
• Codes of Ethics in Health Services
• Organizational Responses to Ethical Issues

Section III: Administrative Ethical Issues

• Conflicts of Interest and Fiduciary Duty
• Ethical Issues Regarding Organization and Staff
• Ethical Issues Regarding Patients and Community

Section IV: Biomedical Ethics Issues

• Consent
• Dying and Death
• Patient Autonomy and the Paradigm of Physician-Assisted Suicide

Section V: Ethical Issues on the Horizon

• Ethics in Marketing and Managed Care
• Ethics in Resource Allocation
• Social Responsibility

Appendices

• Appendix A: Organizational Philosophies and Mission Statements
• Appendix B: Ethical Codes

Select Bibliography

Index

 

About the Author
Kurt Darr, J.D., Sc.D., is Professor of Hospital Administration in the Department of Health Services Management and Leadership at The George Washington University. He holds a Doctor of Science from The Johns Hopkins University and a Master of Hospital Administration and a Juris Doctor from the University of Minnesota.
Professor Darr completed his administrative residency at Rochester (Minnesota) Methodist Hospital and subsequently worked as an administrative associate at the Mayo Clinic. After being commissioned in the U.S. Navy, he served in administrative and educational assignments at St. Albans Naval Hospital and Bethesda Naval Hospital. He completed postdoctoral fellowships with the Department of Health and Human Services, the World Health Organization, and the Accrediting Commission on Education for Health Services Administration.
Dr. Darr is a fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives and a member of the District of Columbia and Minnesota Bars. He is a mediator in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and serves on a panel of mediators for the American Health Lawyers Association.
Professor Darr educates in the areas of health services ethics, management theory, hospital organization and management, quality improvement, and application of the Deming method in health services delivery. In addition, he is a consultant and educator to hospital ethics committees. Professor Darr has authored and edited several books used in undergraduate and graduate health services management programs and numerous articles on various health services topics.

 

Product Details

• Paperback: 416 pages
• Publisher: Health Professions Pr; 5 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1932529683
• ISBN-13: 978-1932529685
• Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 5.9 x 1 inches

List Price: $54.95 

 

Jonsen: Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine 7th Edition (Lange)

This book is about the ethical issues that clinicians encounter in caring for patients. In order to practice excellent clinical care, clinicians and those studying to become clinicians must understand ethical issues such as informed consent, truth telling, confidentiality, privacy, the distinction between research and clinical care, and end-of-life care. Clinicians must apply this knowledge in their daily practices. By clinicians we mean not only physicians and surgeons but also nurses, socialworkers, psychologists, clinical ethicists, medical technicians, chaplains, and others responsible for the welfare of patients. Some of these clinicians will also be members of ethics committees who deliberate about the ethics policies of their hospitals and about ethical problems in particular cases. Our audience also includes families and other persons close to patients, who may participate in decisions about their care. Our goal in writing this book is to help clinicians understand and manage the cases they encounter in their practices, and on those occasions when ethical disagreements emerge, to guide patients, families, clinicians, and ethics committees toward the resolution of clinical ethical conflicts.

Ethical issues are imbedded in every clinical encounter between patients and caregivers because the care of patients always involves both technical and moral considerations. The central feature of this clinical encounter is the therapeutic relationship between a physician and a patient, a relationship that is permeated with ethical responsibilities. Physicians must aim, in the words of Hippocrates, "to help and do no harm." Modern physicians approach the doctor–patient relationship with a professional identity that includes the obligations to provide competent care to the patient, to preserve confidentiality, and to communicate honestly and compassionately.

In the usual course of a therapeutic relationship, clinical care and ethical duties run smoothly together. The reason is that generally the patient and physician share the same goal: to respond to the medical problems and needs of the patient. For example, a patient presents with a distressing cough and wants relief; a physician responds to the patient by utilizing the correct means to diagnose and treat this condition. In this situation, the treatment for, say, a mild asthma attack is effective and the patient is satisfied. At the same time an ethical action has taken place: the patient is helped and not harmed. In other cases, this simple scene becomes complicated. The patient's asthma may be caused by a cancer obstructing the airway. This disease may be life-threatening and the treatment may be complex, difficult and may prove unsuccessful. On other occasions, the smooth course of the doctor–patient relationship may be interrupted by what we call an ethical question: a doubt about the right action when ethical responsibilities conflict or when their meaning is uncertain or confused. For example, the physician's duty to cure is countered by a patient's refusal of indicated treatment, or the patient cannot afford treatment because of lack of insurance. The principles that usually bring the clinician and the patient into a therapeutic relationship seem to collide. This collision blocks the process of deciding and acting that is intrinsic to clinical care. This confusion and conflict can become distressing for all parties. This book, then, aims to elucidate both the ethical dimensions of care in ordinary clinical activities that are not controversial, as well as when doubt about right action blocks decision.

Clinical ethics, then, is a structured approach to ethical questions in clinical medicine. Clinical ethics depends on the larger discipline of bioethics, which in turn draws upon disciplines such as moral philosophy, health law, communication skills, and clinical medicine. The scholars called "bioethicists" must master this field. However, clinicians in the daily practice of medicine can manage with a basic understanding of certain key ethical issues such as informed consent and end-of-life care. Central to the practical application of clinical ethics is the ability to identify and analyze an ethical question and to reach a reasonable conclusion and recommendation for action. In this book, we provide a method to identify the ethical dimensions of patient care and to analyze and resolve ethical problems. This method is useful for structuring the questions faced by any clinician who cares for patients.

THE FOUR TOPICS

Bioethics identifies four ethical principles that are particularly relevant to clinical medicine: the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. To these, some bioethicists add empathy, compassion, fidelity, integrity, and other virtues. The bioethical literature discusses these principles and virtues at length. In this book, we only explain them briefly. We rather direct our reader's attention to how these general principles interact within the concrete circumstances of a clinical case, and howthey serve as guides to action in specific circumstances. Thus we propose four topics that we believe constitute the essential structure of a case in clinical medicine, namely, medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features.

Some users of this book call these four topics "the Four Boxes." Every clinical case is a mass of detail that the clinician must interpret in order to carry out the reasoning process necessary for diagnosis and treatment. Every clinician learns early in training a common pattern for organizing that mass of detail: chief complaint, history of the chief complaint, general medical history of the patient, results of physical examination, and results of laboratory studies. The data that are sorted into these patterns lead the clinician to decisions about diagnosis and treatment. Our four topics or boxes provide a similar pattern for collecting, sorting, and ordering the facts of a clinical ethical problem. Each topic or "box" is filled with the actual facts of the clinical case that are relevant to the identification of the ethical problem, and the contents of all four are viewed together for a comprehensive picture of the ethical dimensions of the case.

Medical indications refer to the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions that are being used to evaluate and treat the medical problem in the case. Patient preferences state the express choices of the patient about their treatment, or the decisions of those who are authorized to speak for the patient when the patient is incapable of doing so. Quality of life describes features of the patient's life prior to and following treatment, insofar as these features are pertinent to medical decisions. Contextual features identify the familial, social, institutional, financial, and legal settings within which the particular case takes place, insofar as they influence medical decisions. Under each of these headings, a series of questions are posed to assure that needed information has been gathered.We believe that these four topics are the essential and constant constituents of any clinical case, which is, of course, unique and varying in its own circumstances. The chart at the end of this introduction depicts these four topics and the relevant questions.

The subtitle of our book states that clinical ethics is a practical approach. This implies that the approach must go beyond simply identifying the problem, by collecting and sorting the facts of the case. It must guide practice, that is, it must lead from identification of the ethical problem to decisions about how to manage the problem. It must show the clinician how to manage those obstacles to decision making that the ethical problem had posed. Clinical ethics is seldom a matter of deciding between ethical versus unethical, between good and right versus bad and wrong; rather it involves finding the better, most reasonable solutions among the relevant options. While clinical ethics can sometimes help to rule out options that are unethical, more frequently, clinical ethics can clarify a range of permissible options that patients and clinicians may choose. Our approach seeks to guide the clinician, and others involved in the case, toward such resolutions.

After all relevant information is gathered into the Four Boxes, the relationship between that information and the principles must be assessed. It sometimes happens that when the data is collected and properly sorted, an obvious pattern appears that will identify the ethical problem. The circumstances of a case often point to one of the fundamental principles as most important in the specific case analysis. For example, a patient has a critical disease in its terminal stage, has never expressed preferences about treatment, has no relatives to speak for him, and faces great suffering during the time remaining. This appears at first sight as a case in which the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence are central. Further, aggressive treatment is no longer likely to be beneficial; this patient needs palliative care. At second sight, however, the question becomes a matter of the principle of respect for autonomy: who is authorized to make the decision to transition from intensive to palliative care? Ethical reflection moves from this dilemma between two fundamental principles to an evaluation of how the circumstances of the case give greater weight to one or the other of these principles. For example, after all reasonable attempts to effectively treat a patient have failed, the continued application of aggressive measures causes more harm than good to this patient. In this light, the principle of nonmaleficence becomes the most dominant one, and provides an ethical reason for a decision to provide only palliative care. The clinician can then formulate a recommendation to the patient or other decision makers.

This resolution of the case is based on an assessment of the facts of the case in relation to the ethical principles relevant to the case. However, this assessment calls for a further move: the present case must be compared to similar cases. It is certainly true that in medicine every case is unique, and every patient "a statistic of one." Nevertheless, the case at hand will have similarities with other cases. Other cases may have been thoughtfully considered—perhaps even adjudicated in the law—and may provide guidance whereby to assess the present case. Such cases are called paradigm cases. Reference to paradigm cases do not prove that a case is correctly assessed; rather they are examples of serious assessments in prior, similar cases, to which the current case can be compared, in order to guide the clinician in this case. It is important to note that even similar cases have variable nuances. The present case may have circumstances that make it more complex than previous cases; or it may represent a novel problem due to innovative technology. Clinicians and ethicists should be familiar with these paradigm cases, and be able to discern how they differ and how the circumstances bond with principles in the current case. We describe some of the important paradigm cases.

This book is arranged to follow the four-box model. Each chapter is devoted to one of the four topics. Each chapter begins with some general considerations and ethical principles most relevant to that topic. A series of questions that exemplify major issues under each topic are posed. Clinical situations that commonly generate ethical problems associated with that topic are stated and illustrated by cases. A COMMENT that provides a distillation of prevailing opinion from the bioethical literature follows.

We conclude with RECOMMENDATIONS that the three authors formulate from their own extensive experience as clinicians and clinical ethics consultants. Although this book does not discuss pediatric ethics, at the end of each chapter we have placed "Pediatric Notes" to alert readers about certain ethical problems in pediatric medicine that require special consideration. When these arise, the sources for pediatric ethics should be consulted. One such source is Frankel LR, Goldworth A, Rorty MV, Silverman WD. Ethical Dilemmas in Pediatrics. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2005.

Key Features

• Goes beyond theory to offer a solid decision-making strategy applicable to real-world practice.
• Numerous clinical case examples link principles to everyday practice--many new to this edition.
• Practical coverage of important legal issues.
• Ethical considerations in palliative care, medically assisted death, clinical research, and other timely issues.
• Perfect for students, trainees, clinicians, ethics committee members, nurses, and patients.
• Handy four-topics chart pullout card.

Contents 

Chapter 1 Medical Indications

• Introduction
• Indicated and Nonindicated Interventions
• Clinical Judgment and Clinical Uncertainty
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Orders Not to Resuscitate (DNR)
• Medical Error
• Determination of Death
• Summary
• Pediatric Notes 

Chapter 2 Patient Preferences

• Introduction
• Informed Consent
• Decisional Capacity
• Decision Making for the Mentally Incapacitated Patient
• Surrogate Decision-Makers
• Failure to Cooperate in the Therapeutic Relationship
• Pediatric Notes

Chapter 3 Quality of Life

• Introduction
• Divergent Evaluations of Quality of Life
• Enhancement Medicine
• Compromised Quality of Life and Life-Sustaining Interventions
• Pain Relief for Terminally Ill Patients
• Medically Assisted Dying
• Care of the Dying Patient
• Treatment of Attempted or Suspected Suicides
• Pediatric Notes 

Chapter 4 Contextual Features

• Introduction
• Health Professions
• Other Interested Parties
• Confidentiality of Medical Information
• Economics of Clinical Care
• Allocation of Scarce Health Resources
• Influence of Religion on Clinical Decisions
• Role of Law in Clinical Ethics
• Clinical Research
• Clinical Teaching
• Public Health
• Organizational Ethics
• Pediatric Notes

About the Author

• Albert R. Jonsen, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Ethics in Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Senior Ethics Scholar in Residence California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.
• Mark Siegler, MD, Lindy Bergman Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Surgery; Director, MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
• William J. Winslade, PhD, JD, James Wade Rockwell Professor of Philosophy in Medicine, Institute for the Medical Humanities; Professor of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.

Product Details

• Paperback: 240 pages
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Medical; 7 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0071634142
• ISBN-13: 978-0071634144
• Product Dimensions: 9 x 5.9 x 0.7 inches

List Price: $46.95

Graskemper: Professional Responsibility in Dentistry: A Practical Guide to Law and Ethics

Professional Responsibility in Dentistry: A Practical Guide to Law and Ethics integrates dental law, risk management, professionalism, and ethics, as all are interrelated in everyday practice. Beyond theory, the fact-based approach of this book shows examples of various situations the dentist may face. 

Dr. Graskemper addresses a range of topics, from legal concepts and regulation of dentistry to professionalism and ethics. He points out specific issues in the practice of dentistry, particularly those that confront new dentists and dentists with new practices. True Cases throughout the book walk readers through real-world examples of complex situations and discuss the proper way to handle them with attention to the legal, ethical, and practice management ramifications. 

These include patient charting, professional criticisms, child neglect, associateships, patient refunds, and more. 

Key Features 

• True cases show real examples of professional and ethical issues facing the practicing dentist.
• Integrates various aspects of professionalism, ethics, law, and practice management.
• Written by a practicing dentist with a law degree.
• Offers perspectives on both the legal and dental aspects of ethical and professional questions.

Contents 

Part 1: Legal Concepts.

Chapter 1: The Lawsuit.

• True Case 1: Misscarriage due to endodontics.
• True Case 2: Changing the chart.
• True Case 3: Saving the case for trial.

Chapter 2: The Regulation of Dentistry.

• True Case 4: Dental state board case of fractured porcelain.
• True Case 5: OSHA.
• True Case 6: Forfeit of license.
• True Case 7: Lost his license.
• True Case 8: Assistant extracted tooth.
• True Case 9: Dental society denial.

Chapter 3: Defi nitions and Legal Concepts.

• True Case 10: Amalgam tattoo = melanoma.
• True Case 11: Divorce due to parasthesia.
• True Case 12 (True Case 1 Revisited): Lawsuit due to dentist’s criticism.

Part 2: The Practice of Dentistry.

Chapter 4: The Doctor—Patient Relationship.

• True Case 13: Food for fi llings.
• True Case 14: No pay, no crown.

Chapter 5: Can You Refuse To Treat.

Chapter 6: The Medical—Dental History.

• True Case 15: Only Boniva.
• True Case 16: Only heart surgery.

Chapter 7: Child Abuse.

• True Case 17: Child neglect.

Chapter 8: Informed Consent.

• True Case 18: Implants include the teeth.
• True Case 19: Signed consent? Forgery.
• True Case 20: Two for one.
• True Case 21: Teenage pregnancy.
• True Case 22: Lawyer threatens: write off patient’s balance or be sued.

Chapter 9: Records.

Chapter 10: Statute of Limitations.

Chapter 11: Abandonment.

• True Case 23: Patient outsmarts dentist.

Chapter 12: Standard of Care.

Chapter 13: Peer Review.

• True Case 24: Peer review.

Chapter 14: Risk Management.

• True Case 25: Too many “near misses”.
• True Case 26 (True Case 6 revisited): Dentist leaves state.
• True Case 27 (True Case 2 revisited): Changing the chart.
• True Case 28: Who knows what is going on?

Chapter 15: Employees and Associates.

• True Case 29: Extra-long vacation.

Part 3: Professionalism and Ethics.

Chapter 16: Professionalism.

Chapter 17: Ethics.

• True Case 30: Patient doesn’t want referral.
• True Case 31: I don’t want my teeth.
• True Case 32: Fractured porcelain.
• True Case 33: No pay, no treatment.

Chapter 18: Professional Ethical Situations Based on True Cases.

Part 4: New Dentist Issues.

Chapter 19: Associateships.

• True Case 34: Dentist reopened next door.
• True Case 35: Dentist takes all patient records to new office.
• True Case 36: Buy what you built?
• True Case 37: Earn your pay.

Chapter 20: Starting or Buying a Practice.

• True Case 38: Do you see me now?
• True Case 39: You can run but you can’t hide.
• True Case 40: Poof! You’re moving.
• True Case 41: Bankrupt.

Chapter 21: Marketing a Successful Practice.

• True Case 42: Keeping it in the family.
• True Case 43: Keep the patients coming.
• True Case 44: Insurance company approves treatment but then doesn’t pay.

Chapter 22: Co-diagnosing, or Gaining the Patient’s Trust.

• True Case 45: Denture time.

Chapter 23: Employee Management.

Chapter 24: Multispecialty Practice.

Chapter 25: Forms.

• General release for dental treatment.
• Consent for pulpal debridement and endodontic treatment
• Consent for oral surgery
• Consent for periodontal surgery.
• General consent for surgical and invasive procedures.
• Refusal of treatment / referral.
• Termination Letter.
• What you should know about fi nancing your dental treatment.
• Authorization for release of dental records.

Index.

About the Author 

Joseph P. Graskemper, DDS, JD, is a practicing dentist who also holds a law degree. His practice experience includes being the sole owner of a multi-specialty practice for twenty years in San Diego, California, an expert witness for more than twenty years, a published author of journal and magazine articles in the U.S. and internationally, and a speaker at dental conferences across the U.S..  Dr. Graskemper is the past director of professional responsibility and the past editor of the Post Graduate Literature Review Journal at Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, where he is an associate clinical professor. 

Book Reviews 

"The book will prove to be a valuable educational tool since it integrates the many areas of professionalism which students need to process. The book should be mandatory reading for dental students prior to their treatment of patients. They will have the opportunity to gain information about ethical, professional practice." 

- Mark Slovin, DDS 

"I would like to see it used as a primary text in the first year of dental school, however, the year of use would be up to the schools curriculum and design of an ethics and law course. I would like to see it used as a primary text in the first year of dental school, however, the year of use would be up to the schools curriculum and design of an ethics and law course." 

- Bruce H. Seidberg, DDS, MScD, JD

"I do not teach this area to predoctoral students, but have taught these topics to general dentistry residents and would strongly consider making this book required. There is a need for current curriculum content in the areas of dental law, risk management in dentistry, professionalism and ethics.  Nearly every dental school is reviewing this area of the curriculum and looking for ways to strengthen both the contact and impact for these topics. Practicing dentists are increasingly interested in these topics, especially given the recent advances in esthetic dentistry, implantology, CT imaging, etc., each of which brings new issues in law, risk management, standard of care, and ethics." 

- Daniel W. Boston, DMD

"This book does fill a void in the dental education literature. It is impressive in its scope, and the case-based approach has advantages in promoting applications of principles." 

- Albert G. Abena, DDS, JD

Product Details

• Paperback: 220 pages
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 1 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0470959770
• ISBN-13: 978-0470959770
• Product Dimensions: 9.6 x 6.8 x 0.6 inches

List Price: $49.99 

 

Bodenheimer: Understanding Health Policy: A Clinical Approach 5th edition

Understanding Health Policy: A Clinical Approach is a book about health policy as well as about individual patients and caregivers and how they interact with each other and with the overall health system. We, the authors, are practicing primary care physicians—one in a public hospital and clinic and the other, for many years, in a private practice. We are also analysts of our nation's health care system. In one sense, these two sides of our lives seem quite separate. When treating a patient's illness, it seems that health expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product or variations in surgical rates between one city and another seem remote if not irrelevant—but they are neither remote nor irrelevant.

Health policy affects the patients we see on a daily basis. Managed care referral patterns determine to which specialist we can send a patient, the coverage gaps for outpatient medications in the Medicare benefit package affects how we prescribe medications for our elderly patients, and the failure of our nation to legislate universal health insurance influences which patients ended up seeing one of us (in the private sector) and which the other (in a public setting). In Understanding Health Policy, we hope to bridge the gap separating the microworld of individual patient visits and the macrouniverse of health policy.

The Audience

The book is primarily written for health science students—medical, nursing, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, pharmacy, public health, and others—who we feel will benefit from understanding the complex environment in which they will work. Physicians feature prominently in the text, but in the actual world of clinical medicine, patients' encounters with nurses, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and other health care givers are an essential part of their health care experience. Physicians would be unable to function without the many other members of the health care team. Patients seldom appreciate the contributions made to their well-being by public health personnel, research scientists, educators, and many other health-related professionals. We hope that the many nonphysician members of the clinical care, public health, and health science education teams as well as students aspiring to join these teams will find the book useful. Nothing can be accomplished without the combined efforts of everyone working in the health care field.

The Goal of the Book

Understanding Health Policy attempts to explain how the health care system works. We focus on basic principles of health policy in hopes that the reader will come away with a clearer, more systematic way of thinking about health care in the United States, its problems, and the alternatives for managing these problems. Most of the principles also apply to understanding health care systems in other nations.

Given the public's concerns about health care in the United States, the book concentrates on the failures of the system. We spend less time on the successful features because they need less attention. Only by recognizing the difficulties of the system can we begin to fix its problems. The goal of this book, then, is to help all of us understand the health care system so that we can better work in the system, use the system, and change what needs to be changed.

Product Details

• Paperback: 232 pages
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Medical; 5 edition (August 18, 2008)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0071496068
• ISBN-13: 978-0071496063
• Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 7.3 x 0.6 inches

List Price: $45.95 

Meier: Palliative Care: Transforming the Care of Serious Illness (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Series on Health Policy)

Palliative Care is the first book to provide a comprehensive understanding of the new field that is transforming the way Americans deal with serious illness.

Diane E. Meier, M.D., one of the field's leaders and a recipient of a MacArthur Foundation "genius award" in 2009, opens the volume with a sweeping overview of the field. In her essay, Dr. Meier examines the roots of palliative care, explores the key legal and ethical issues, discusses the development of palliative care, and presents ideas on policies that can improve access to palliative care.

Dr. Meier's essay is followed by reprints of twenty-five of the most important articles in the field. They range from classic pieces by some of the field's pioneers, such as Eric Cassel, Balfour Mount, and Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, to influential newer articles on topics such as caregiving and cost savings of palliative care. The reprints cover a wide range of topics including:

• Why the care of the seriously ill is so important
• Efforts to cope with advanced illness
• Legal and ethical issues
• Pain management
• Cross-cultural issues
• Philosophical perspective

The demand for palliative care has been nothing short of stunning—largely because of palliative care's positive impact on both the quality and the cost of care provided to seriously ill individuals. By providing a wide-ranging perspective on this growing field, this book will serve as a guide for developing meaningful approaches that will lead to better health care for all Americans.

Contents

Part I Review of the Palliative Care Field

• 1. The Development, Status, and Future of Palliative Care

Part II Care of the Seriously Ill: Why Is It an Important Issue? Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life

• 3. Decisions Near the End of Life.

Part III Efforts to Cope with Death and Provide Care for the Dying.

• 4. Hope
• 5. The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine
• 6. The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Nursing
• 7. Death: “The Distinguished Thing”
• 8. The Philosophy of Terminal Care
• 9. Access to Hospice Care: Expanding Boundaries, Overcoming Barriers

Part IV Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues.

• 10. The Health Care Proxy and the Living Will (George J. Annas).
• 11. Terri Schiavo: A Tragedy Compounded (Timothy E. Quill).

Part V Research into End-of-Life Care.

• 12. A Controlled Trial to Improve Care for Seriously Ill Hospitalized Patients: The Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT)
• 13. Factors Considered Important at the End of Life by Patients, Family, Physicians, and Other Care Providers
• 14. Use of Hospitals, Physician Visits, and Hospice Care During Last Six Months of Life Among Cohorts Loyal to Highly Respected Hospitals in the United States 
• 15. Family Perspectives on End-of-Life Care at the Last Place of Care

Part VI Palliative Care.

• 16. The Treatment of Cancer Pain 
• 17. Responding to Intractable Terminal Suffering: The Role of Terminal Sedation and Voluntary Refusal of Food and Fluids 
• 18. Response to Quill and Byock, “Responding to Intractable Suffering” 
• 19. Challenges in Palliative Care: Four Clinical Areas That Confront and Challenge Hospice Practitioners 
• 20. Outcomes from a National Multispecialty Palliative Care Curriculum Development Project 
• 21. Negotiating Cross-Cultural Issues at the End of Life: “You Got to Go Where He Lives”
• 22. Variability in Access to Hospital Palliative Care in the United States 
• 23. Do Palliative Care Consultations Improve Patient Outcomes ?
• 24. Cost Savings Associated with U.S. Hospital Palliative Care Consultation Programs 
• 25. The Loneliness of the Long-Term Care Giver
• 26. Understanding Economic and Other Burdens of Terminal Illness: The Experience of Patients and Their Caregivers 

Part VII The Ends of Medicine and Society.

• 27. Finding Our Way: Perspectives on Care at the Close of Life 

The Editors.

Name Index.

Subject Index.

About the Authors

• Diane E. Meier, M.D., is director of the Center to Advance Palliative Care and director of the Lilian and Benjamin Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute, Professor of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, and Catherine Gaisman Professor of Medical Ethics at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.
• Stephen L. Isaacs, J.D., is a partner in Isaacs/Jellinek, a San Francisco-based consulting firm.
• Robert G. Hughes, Ph.D., is vice president and chief learning officer at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Product Details

• Paperback: 464 pages
• Publisher: Jossey-Bass; 1 edition (March 29, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 047052717X
• ISBN-13: 978-0470527177
• Product Dimensions: 9 x 7 x 1.1 inches

List Price: $75.00 

 

Merrills: Pharmacy Law & Practice 4th Edition

When we wrote the first edition, our objective was to describe the law rather than just list the Acts, regulations and cases that make up the law applying to community pharmacy.

That is still our objective. There has been an avalanche of new laws affecting pharmacy practice, all of which has had to be considered. The result is that the fourth edition is once again a complete rewrite. As always there has had to be a compromise between including everything we would have liked, and producing a readable text.

Once again we have concentrated on the laws which apply to community pharmacy and we have extended into other areas only where we consider it relevant to the community pharmacist. Although community pharmacists sometimes deal with agricultural products and veterinary medicines, we have generally left out the detailed laws in these areas. Instead we have included from those laws, sections which affect day-to-day practice as a pharmacist.

We have sought to produce an accessible text for both the community pharmacist and the pharmacy student. Any errors are ours – we hope there are none.

New challenges continue to confront the community pharmacist and we hope that this book will be a useful companion in meeting those challenges.

The law is stated as at 1 December 2005. We have tried to indicate where changes are likely in the new future.

- The Author -

Key Features

• Adopts a unique approach discussing topics thematically rather than statute based.
• Unlike competitor's, the style of the book is clear, accurate and succinct, avoiding long complex sentences which are so common in legal textbooks. The law is logically presented, even when it is complex or difficult, reasons for existence of law are discussed, and lack of clarity in the law is indicated where necessary.
• Includes the new and updated NHS pharmacy contract and discusses changes in many areas of relevant law.
• Updated chapters on employment law, human rights, informed consent, confidentiality, and changes in the NHS structure.
• Applicable for day-to-day use by community pharmacists and pharmacy students.

Contents

1 The National Health Service 1

• The National Insurance Act 1911 1
• The National Health Service Act 1946 1
• The National Health Service Act 1977 3
• New Act to consolidate NHS law 3
• General principles, scope and nature of the current NHS 3
• The National Health Services and Community Care Act 1990 5
• The Health Act 1999 5
• The Health and Social Care Act 2001 5
• The Health and Social Care (Community Health and
• Standards) Act 2003 9
• Advice from the health professions 10
• Acts of Parliament mainly concerned with the NHS 11

2 Administration of the NHS 13

• Administration 13
• NHS Executive 13
• Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) 14
• Provision of NHS services 15
• Acute Trusts 15
• Foundation Trusts 16
• Primary Care Trusts 17
• Establishment 17
• Care Trusts 18
• Mental Health Trusts 19
• Ambulance Trusts 19
• Effects of devolution 21

3 The Supply of NHS Pharmaceutical Services 24

• The PCT’s duty 24
• Pharmaceutical services 25
• Contractors obligations 26
• Terms of service 27
• Fundamental requirements of the terms of service 27

4 The Drug Tariff 41

• Form and Content of the Drug Tariff 41
• Part 1 – Requirements for the supply of drugs, appliances and chemical reagents 42
• Part 2 – Requirements enabling payments to be made 43

5 Applications to Dispense NHS Prescriptions 52

• Applications for NHS contract 52
• Duty of the PCT 53
• Application to PCT 53

6 Rural Dispensing 61

• History 61
• The current rules 61
• Applications by doctors 64
• Appeal procedure 65

7 Prescription Charges 66

• The Regulations 66
• Wales 73

8 The Interests of the Public 74

• New arrangements for patient involvement 74
• Local Authority overview 74
• Independent Complaints Advocacy Services (ICAS) 75
• Patient Advocacy and Liaison Services (PALS) 75
• Patient and Public Involvement Forums 76
• New monitoring arrangements for healthcare quality 77
• The Healthcare Commission 77
• Access to meetings 78
• The Health Service Commissioner for England 78
• Audit Commission 79
• Public Health Observatories 79
• The Health Protection Agency 80
• Independent Regulator of Foundation Trusts – Monitor 80

9 Complaints and Discipline in the NHS 81

• Complaints and breaches of the terms of service 81
• Healthcare Commission 82
• New arrangements for dealing with serious allegations 84
• Referral to Royal Pharmaceutical Society 87

10 Retail Pharmacy 88

• The nature of the control 88
• History 88
• Retail pharmacy business 88
• Registered pharmacy 89

11 Manufacture and Licensing of Medicinal Products 95

• The Medicines Act 1968 and other controls 95
• European Directives 95

12 Control on Sales of Medicines 107

• Control of retail sales 107
• Prescription Only Medicines 108
• Wholesaling of medicines 116
• Advertising and sales promotion 121
• Monitoring and complaints 126

13 Supplies and Deliveries 128

• Supply of medicines in an emergency 128
• Collection and delivery schemes 131

14 Unlicensed Products 133

• Unlicensed products 133
• Reasons for using unlicensed products 133
• Exemptions for unlicensed medicines 134
• Specials 134
• Record keeping 134
• Exemption for doctors 135
• Exemption for pharmacists 135
• Extemporaneous preparation in the pharmacy 137
• Off-label use 138
• The Code of Ethics 138

15 Traditional and Alternative Medicines 139

• Herbal remedies 139
• Licensing of herbal remedies 139
• New arrangements 140
• Homeopathic medicines 143
• Restrictions on sale for safety reasons 147

16 Controlled Drugs 152

• Basic Provisions of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 152
• Reclassification of Cannabis 153
• International Convention 153
• Regulations concerned with misuse of drugs 154
• The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 155
• Requirements for writing prescriptions 161
• Safe custody 169
• Addicts 170
• Drugs Act 2005 174

17 Labelling, Leaflets and Packaging 175

• The main regulations 175
• Standard Labelling Requirements for medicinal products for human use 176

18 Poisons and Dangerous Substances 188

• The Poisons Board 188
• The CHIP Regulations 2002 192
• The Environmental Protection Act 1990 194
• COSHH 194
• Packaging waste 195
• Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 195
• Food Safety Act 1990 195
• The Offensive Weapons Act 1996 196

19 Patient Group Directions 197

• What are Patient Group Directions 197

20 Non-Medical Prescribing 210

• Background 210
• Legislation 211
• Independent prescribing 214

21 Rights of Access 217

• Access to Pharmacies 217
• RPSGB Inspectors 217
• Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) 217
• Primary Care Trust 219
• PPI Forums 219
• NHS Counter Fraud Service 219
• Police Controlled Drugs Inspectors (CDI) 220
• The Healthcare Commission 220
• HM Revenue and Customs 220
• Health and Safety Inspectors 221
• Trading Standards (Weights and Measures) 221
• Disclosure of confidential information 222

22 Confidentiality 223

• The Data Protection Act 1998 223
• The Principles 224
• Sensitive personal data 225
• The subject’s rights 226
• Use of personal data for research or analysis 226
• Non-computerised records 227
• Access to Health Records Act 1990 227
• Access to Medical Records Act 1988 227
• Use of anonymised data for research 227
• Control of patient information under the Health and Social
• Care Act 2001 228
• The Health Service (Control of Information) Regulations 2002 229
• Patient Information Advisory Group 229
• Confidentiality and children 229
• Human Rights Act 1998 229
• The Caldicott Review 1997 230
• Caldicott Guardian 230
• Department of Health Code of Practice 230
• Records 231

23 Consent 233

• Definition of consent 233
• Basis for the consent concept 234
• Consent by children 236
• The law in Scotland 237

24 The European Union 238

• Law-making institutions 238
• Community law 239

25 The Pharmacy Profession 244

• History 244
• The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 246
• The Statutory Committee of the RPSGB 250
• The standards of professional conduct 254
• Internet Pharmacy 261
• NHS Prescription Fraud 263

26 Liability in Negligence 265

• Dispensing mistakes 265
• Breach of contract 265
• Negligence 265
• Liability as an occupier of premises 271
• Criminal liability for negligent conduct 272
• Corporate manslaughter 273
• Corporate Manslaughter Bill 2006 274

27 Business Premises 275

• Freehold premises 275
• Leasehold premises 276
• Planning law 291

28 Business Associations 293

• The sole trader 293
• Partnership 293
• The limited company 297
• Notification of changes after incorporation 308

29 The Sale of Goods 310

• Contract for the sale of goods 310
• Remedies available to the seller and buyer in default 325
• Buyer’s remedies 327
• Product liability 330

30 Employment Law 333

• The contract of employment 333
• Special categories of employee 336
• Employee’s duties under the contract of employment 338
• Employer’s duties under the contract of employment 341
• Wages issues 345
• Maternity issues 346
• Insolvent employer 348
• Equal pay and discrimination 349
• Discrimination on the grounds of race 353
• Disability discrimination 353
• Bringing the employment to an end 356
• Human rights at work 363

31 Human Rights 365

• Human rights and privacy 365
• Human rights and employment issues 368
• Human rights and property interests 368
• Freedom of information 369

Index 373

Product Details

• Paperback: 390 pages
• Publisher: Elsevier Science; 4 edition (September 28, 2006)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0444522018
• ISBN-13: 978-0444522016
• Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.5 x 0.7 inches

List Price: $92.95