Randall: The Encyclopedia of the Heart and Heart Disease 2nd Edition (Facts on File Library of Health and Living Series)

This second edition of The Encyclopedia of the Heart and Heart Disease features hundreds of updated and new entries covering the gamut from the latest discoveries in cardiovascular technology to the most effective lifestyle approaches for heart health. Research continues to reveal the secrets of the heart’s function, resulting in new ways to connect and even reverse cardiovascular dysfunction and disease. Cardiologists are learning more about how lifestyle factors intersect with genetics, which factors matter more on both sides of the equation, and how the use this knowledge to individualize therapies to treat heart disease as well as more effective preventive measures to help keep the heart healthy and strong.

The immune system has stepped to front and center in unraveling the complexities of conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD). New medications abound, expanding treatment options for managing blood cholesterol levels, arrhythmias, hypertension, and heart failure. In only five years, automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have move from high-tech novelties to become commonplace in community settings, providing the means for ordinary people to save the lives of heart attack victims. And while nutrition remains a significant dimension of cardiovascular health, the conclusion of several major studies throws a questioning light on the role of nutritional supplements such as antioxidants.

This revised edition of The Encyclopedia of the Heart and Heart Disease also features editorial enhancements, such as improved cross-referencing and entry formatting, to make it easier to find related entries. Consistent headings within entries help to focus key information. Entries for cardiovascular conditions include risks and emphasize preventive measures when they exist. Recent studies also affirm that much of cardiovascular disease is preventable through lifestyle choices, so across entries the highlight is on heart health.

Key topics include:

• Aging and cardiovascular disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Coronary artery disease
• Deaths from heart disease
• Emergency cardiovascular care (ECC)
• Emotions and heart disease
• Exercise
• Lifestyle factors and heart health
• Medications, surgery, and other treatments
• Stroke

Contents

• Foreword ix
• Preface xi
• Introduction xiii
• Entries A–Z 1
• Appendix I: Organizations and Resources 368
• Appendix II: Common Abbreviations and Symbols 371
• Appendix III: Diagrams 373
• Selected Bibliography and Further Reading 382
• Index 384 

About the Author(s)

• Otelio S. Randall, M.D., is professor of internal medicine at Howard University. He also serves as the director of the Howard University Hospital (HUH) Preventive Cardiology Program, HUH Cardiovascular Disease Prevention/Rehabilitation Center, and the HU General Clinical Research Center. Educated at the University of Michigan, Randall is a distinguished cardiologist and researcher, and is extensively published. He serves as a peer reviewer on many medical journals including Archives of Internal Medicine, The American Journal of Cardiology, and the Journal of Human Hypertension.
• Nathan M. Segerson, M.D., is director of clinical cardiac electrophysiology at Kitsap Cardiology Consultants in Bremerton, Washington. He has board certifications in clinical cardiac electrophysiology, cardiovascular disease, and internal medicine. Segerson earned his medical degree and undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington in Seattle. After completing his internal medicine residency at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, he completed fellowships in cardiovascular disease and cardiac electrophysiology in the University of Utah's Division of Cardiology. He has published numerous peer-reviewed articles and conducts professional lectures and community educational presentations.
• Deborah S. Romaine is a health and wellness writer living in Puget Sound. She is senior writer of the Facts On File Encyclopedia of Health and Medicine and the coauthor of The Facts On File Encyclopedia of Parkinson's Disease, Second Edition.

Book Review 

The Encyclopedia of the Heart and Heart Disease, Second Edition provides a unique tool to patients and to students of cardiovascular sciences to better their understanding of the commonest heart conditions. At a glance, this work provides a comprehensive go-to resource for readers to efficiently decode the language of cardiology. But the true value in this work is the context and perspective it provides to more invested readers whose interest may go beyond the mere terminology of a subject.
Underneath the veil of unfamiliar vocabulary, those readers will be led to simple and often fascinating concepts about the workings of the human heart that will give direction and focus to their further exploration.
Whether you are personally affected by heart disease, are formally studying cardiac sciences, or perhaps are just intrigued by this topic, I hope this resource inspires your curiosity to go to the next level.

By Nathan M. Segerson, M.D.,Director of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Kitsap Cardiology Consultants, Bremerton, Washington.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 392 pages
• Publisher: Facts on File; 2 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0816077517 
• ISBN-13: 978-0816077519
• Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 7.3 x 0.9 inches

List Price: $75.00 

 

DeLeve: Vascular Liver Disease: Mechanisms and Management

Functions of the liver are highly dependent on its vascular connections to the “outside world” (the gut and the splanchnic circulation) and the “inside world” (the heart and the systemic circulation). These connections not only allow the liver to process nutrients and store vitamins that are absorbed from the gut, but also permit removal of bacteria that come from the gut before they reach the systemic circulation. The liver detoxifies and metabolizes endogenous toxins (e.g., ammonia) and, importantly, exogenous substances such as alcohol and most medications that arrive to the liver via the systemic or splanchnic circulations. Additionally, the liver synthesizes substances such as albumin and clotting factors that are secreted into the systemic circulation and produces bile acids that are secreted through the biliary ducts into the gut, facilitating fat absorption.

It follows that abnormalities that directly or indirectly affect the hepatic vasculature will lead to significant disease. These abnormalities can be microscopic, at the level of the hepatic sinusoids, or can affect the larger afferent or efferent vessels. This book approaches all of these disease entities and includes the mechanisms and management of intrahepatic vascular disease, including the most common cause of intra- and extrahepatic vascular disease of the liver, cirrhosis, and also reviews the mechanisms and management of less common diseases of the liver vasculature such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (previously known as veno-occlusive disease), portal vein thrombosis, the Budd-Chiari syndrome, and congenital vascular malformations. The very fact that these entities are rare increases the challenge to physicians and physician scientists; the low incidence complicates the accrual of patients for clinical research and reduces physician experience in managing patients with these disorders.

Although many textbooks have been written on the consequences of cirrhosis on the liver vasculature, this is the only textbook that focuses on the liver vasculature as a separate entity. The authors are authorities in their field, from six different countries – one-third of the chapters are from authors outside of the United States (United States, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, and France).

The book is organized in three sections. The first section examines the pathophysiology of circulatory liver diseases. It examines the cellular and biochemical changes of the hepatic microcirculation in aging (Chap. 2), with fibrosis (Chaps. 2 and 4), and toxic injury (Chap. 2) and discusses general and liver-specific mechanisms involved in hemostasis and thrombosis (Chap. 1). Pathogenic factors underlying circulatory injury in liver transplantation (Chap. 5) and the mechanisms leading to portal hypertension (Chaps. 6 and 7) are also discussed. This section will be of particular interest to basic scientists and clinical investigators interested in the liver circulation, and to gastroenterologists, hepatologists, and hepatobiliary surgeons who would like to read about new developments in the field.

Section 2 provides in-depth information on the clinical approach to vascular liver diseases. Chapters 8 and 9 provide descriptions and images of the histology and radiological appearance of vascular liver disease, as well as discussions of the utility of liver biopsy and imaging modalities in diagnosis. The remaining five chapters discuss diagnosis and medical treatment of various vascular liver diseases.

Finally, the three chapters in Sect. 3 discuss the interventional radiology and surgical approaches to portal hypertension (Chaps. 15 and 16, respectively) and the indications for liver transplantation in patients with vascular liver disease (Chap. 17). Sections 2 and 3 will be of particular interest to gastroenterologists and hepatologists, to hepatobiliary surgeons and transplant surgeons, and to interventional radiologists with a particular interest in the liver, who will use this as a reference in patient management.

- The Authors - 

Contents

Part I Mechanisms

• 1 Liver Endothelial Cells: Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Hepatic Vascular Diseases
• 2 Vascular Liver Disease and the Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell
• 3 Pseudocapillarization and the Aging Liver
• 4 Stellate Cells and the Microcirculation
• 5 Circulatory Injury in Liver Transplantation
• 6 Portal Hypertension: Intrahepatic Mechanisms
• 7 Portal Hypertension: Extrahepatic Mechanisms

Part II Management

• 8 Histological Diagnosis
• 9 Radiological Diagnosis
• 10 Hepatic Vascular Pathology After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome, Focal Nodular Hyperplasia, and Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
• 11 Management: Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension
• 12 Portal Vein Thrombosis
• 13 Budd-Chiari Syndrome
• 14 Congenital Hepatic Vascular Malformations

Part III Surgery and Interventional Radiology

• 15 Interventional Radiology in the Treatment of Portal Hypertension
• 16 Surgical Intervention for Portal Hypertension
• 17 Liver Transplantation and Vascular Disorders

Index 

About the Editors

• Laurie D. DeLeve, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
• Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 300 pages
• Publisher: Springer; 1st edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1441983260
• ISBN-13: 978-1441983268
• Product Dimensions: 10.1 x 7.2 x 0.7 inches

List Price: $219.00 

 

Zakim & Boyer's Hepatology A Textbook of Liver Disease 6th Edition (Expert Consult Series)

In 1982 the first edition of Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease was published. The book was based on pathophysiologic principles in the belief that these “principles form the basis for interpreting concepts about disease and for evaluating the validity of research.” The first 12 chapters focused on normal hepatic function. The next 10 chapters focused on alterations of normal function leading to clinical illnesses, such as hepatic encephalopathy, and the last 24 chapters focused on specific disease states. There were only two chapters on viral hepatitis: one on the biology of hepatitis viruses and the second on clinical features of viral hepatitis. A single chapter on liver transplantation was included in the first edition. Over the next almost 30 years, the book has changed dramatically, largely as a reflection of the tremendous progress that has been achieved in the field of hepatology. Because we now understand better the abnormal pathophysiology seen in the patient with liver disease, this new edition focuses more on the abnormal, rather than the normal, physiology. However, the current editors, Drs. Boyer, Manns, and Sanyal, believe that a basic understanding of both normal and abnormal physiology present in the patient with liver disease is critical to provide a high level of care for this difficult patient population, as well as to advance the field of hepatology. We hope that this sixth edition of Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease will serve practicing hepatologists and gastroenterologists; general physicians, such as internists and general practitioners; and basic scientists who want to know more about the clinical spectrum, therapeutic approaches, and unmet needs of the diseases they investigate and treat.

Teresa Wright and Michael Manns were new editors for the fifth edition of Zakim and Boyer's Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease. Dr. Wright moved into industry; therefore, Dr. Arun Sanyal joined Drs. Boyer and Manns as the third editor for the sixth edition. Each of the editors brings unique expertise to the book, and we believe this experience and knowledge is reflected in the sixth edition.

The sixth edition contains five new chapters. Three cover new topics on viral hepatitis. One discusses hepatitis B and C infection in the non-liver transplant population, and the second discusses HIV and HCV co-infection and drug toxicity. The third new viral hepatitis chapter covers pathogenesis of liver injury in HBV and HCV. The fourth new chapter on the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and the fifth new chapter on imaging techniques for the diagnosis of liver disease complete the new additions. As in the past, we have changed the authors on approximately one third of the chapters to provide fresh perspectives on subjects that have appeared in previous editions.

To keep the book at a reasonable size and reduce cost, each chapter has only 100 of the most current references in the printed book. Additional cited references will be on the Elsevier Expert Consult website, which will keep the tradition of the book being well referenced without being too large. The style that was used for the previous edition, including placing the color photomicrographs and photos within each chapter, is used again in this edition. We believe the book is more readable using this format.

Hepatology, like medicine in general and infectious diseases in particular, does not respect any borders. Liver diseases are a significant global health burden. Over the past 40 to 50 years, the discipline of hepatology has provided examples of discoveries in basic science that are immediately transformed into novel diagnostic procedures, molecular-based therapies, anti-toxins, and vaccines. The discovery of the five major hepatotropic viruses is an example of success for translational medicine. Effective treatment for acetaminophen overdose has been developed from basic studies of drug metabolism and toxicity. Liver transplantation has evolved into a routine, life-saving procedure. We have seen the global success of hepatitis A and B vaccination programs, and we are now following the clinical development of new generations of direct-acting anti- HCV drugs that hopefully will provide more effective and less toxic anti-HCV therapies. Finally, hepatocellular carcinoma, which is one of the top killers globally and one of the most important complications of end-stage liver disease, has become an area for innovative molecularly targeted anti-cancer therapies. We will be very pleased if this sixth edition is regarded as an international textbook for a global readership helping to combat a global health burden.

Key Features

• Effectively treat all liver diseases currently seen in clinical practice with authoritative guidance from leading international authorities.
• Reinforce your foundation in basic science with the concise Pathophysiology of Therapeutic Targets section.
• See clear presentations of liver disease through hundreds of detailed, color illustrations.
• Explore topics further with up-to-date references that direct you to the significant literature.
• Access the complete, fully searchable contents of the book online at www.expertconsult.com, along with a downloadable image bank and complete list of references.
• Stay current on new developments in the field through five new chapters on Pathogenesis Liver Injury in HBV, HCV; HCC; Imaging and Non-Invasive DX Liver Disease CT, US, Fibroscan, MRI; HIV Co-Infection Drug Toxicity; and HBC, HCV in Non-Liver Transplant Patients, plus comprehensive updates throughout.
• Apply best practices with reorganized and updated content that reflects today's need for a more clinical approach to hepatology.
• Reference key information more easily thanks to streamlined content that now fits into one volume.

Website Features

• Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
• Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
• Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.

Contents

Section I - Pathophysiology of the Liver

• Chapter 1 - Anatomy of the Liver
• Chapter 2 - Liver Regeneration
• Chapter 3 - Mechanisms of Liver Cell Destruction
• Chapter 4 - Mechanisms of Bile Secretion
• Chapter 5 - Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis
• Chapter 6 - Replication of Hepatitis B Virus
• Chapter 7 - Replication of Hepatitis C Virus
• Chapter 8 - Immune Pathogenesis of Viral Hepatitis B and C
• Chapter 9 - Liver and Immune System
• Chapter 10 - Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatocarcinogenesis
• Chapter 11 - Stem Cells and Hepatocyte Transplantation

Section II - Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease

• Chapter 12 - Liver Biopsy (Quality and Use of Gun)
• Chapter 13 - Liver Biopsy Interpretation
• Chapter 14 - Laboratory Testing for Liver Disease
• Chapter 15 - Imaging and Noninvasive Diagnosis of Liver Disease: Computerized Tomography, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Emerging Techniques
• Chapter 16 - Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)

Section III - Clinical Consequence of Liver Disease

• Chapter 17 - Hepatic Encephalopathy
• Chapter 18 - Ascites
• Chapter 19 - Portal Hypertension and Bleeding Esophageal Varices
• Chapter 20 - Acute Liver Failure
• Chapter 21 - Renal Failure in Cirrhosis, Hepatorenal Syndrome, and Hyponatremia
• Chapter 22 - Cardiovascular Complications of Cirrhosis
• Chapter 23 - Pulmonary Complications in Patients with Liver Disease
• Chapter 24 - Hematopoietic Abnormalities and Hemostasis

Section IV - Toxin-Mediated Liver Injury

• Chapter 25 - Drug-Induced Liver Injury
• Chapter 26 - Hepatotoxicity of Herbal Preparations
• Chapter 27 - Occupational and Environmental Hepatotoxicity
• Chapter 28 - Alcoholic Liver Disease

Section V - Liver Diseases Due to Infectious Agents

• Chapter 29 - Hepatitis A
• Chapter 30 - Hepatitis B
• Chapter 31 - Hepatitis C
• Chapter 32 - Hepatitis D
• Chapter 33 - Hepatitis E
• Chapter 34 - Liver Disease Associated with Viral Infections
• Chapter 35 - Parasitic Liver Disease
• Chapter 36 - Bacterial and Miscellaneous Infections of the Liver
• Chapter 37 - Granulomatous Diseases of the Liver
• Chapter 38 - HIV Co-Infection Drug Toxicity
• Chapter 39 - Hepatitis B and C in Non–Liver Transplant Patients

Section VI - Immune Diseases of the Liver

• Chapter 40 - Autoimmune Hepatitis
• Chapter 41 - Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
• Chapter 42 - Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
• Chapter 43 - Overlap Syndromes

Section VII - Vascular Diseases of the Liver

• Chapter 44 - Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (Hepatic Venoocclusive Disease)
• Chapter 45 - Portal and Splenic Vein Thrombosis
• Chapter 46 - Liver Involvement in Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease (Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia)

Section VIII - Liver Transplantation

• Chapter 47 - Pretransplant Evaluation and Care
• Chapter 48 - Transplantation of the Liver
• Chapter 49 - Post–Liver Transplantation Management
• Chapter 50 - Recurrent Viral Diseases after Liver Transplantation
• Chapter 51 - Treatment of Recurrent Nonviral Disease

Section IX - Liver Affected by Other Organs or Conditions (Diseases)

• Chapter 52 - The Liver in Pregnancy
• Chapter 53 - Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
• Chapter 54 - The Liver in Systemic Illness
• Chapter 55 - The Liver and Parenteral Nutrition
• Chapter 56 - Preoperative and Postoperative Hepatic Dysfunctions

Section X - Tumors of the Liver and Gallstones

• Chapter 57 - Hepatocellular Carcinoma
• Chapter 58 - Cholangiocarcinoma
• Chapter 59 - Benign Liver Tumors
• Chapter 60 - Surgery for Liver Tumors
• Chapter 61 - Management of Gallstones

Section XI - Inherited and Pediatric Liver Diseases

• Chapter 62 - Bilirubin Metabolism and Its Disorders
• Chapter 63 - Wilson Disease
• Chapter 64 - Hemochromatosis
• Chapter 65 - α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
• Chapter 66 - Inborn Errors of Metabolism that Lead to Permanent Liver Injury
• Chapter 67 - Fibrocystic Diseases of the Liver
• Chapter 68 - Pediatric Cholestatic Syndromes
• Chapter 69 - Viral Hepatitis in Children

About the Authors

• Thomas D. Boyer, MD, Chairman of Medicine, Robert and Irene Flinn Professor of Medicine; Director, Liver Research Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.
• Michael P. Manns, MD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
• Arun J. Sanyal, MBBS, MD, Charles Caravati Professor of Medicine, Chairman, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 1408 pages
• Publisher: Saunders; 6 edition (October 7, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1437708811
• ISBN-13: 978-1437708813

 

List Price: $349.00 

Sherlock's Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System 12th Edition

Over the past 56 years, thousands of physicians have depended on Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. Its didactic and reliable clinical guidance was - and still is - beyond comparison.

This brand-new edition, now named Sherlock's Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, after the late Professor Dame Sheila Sherlock, continues to provide concise clinical guidance for all those treating patients with hepato-biliary disease.

Enabling clinicians to formulate incisive diagnoses and appropriate treatment strategies, this book has been updated to reflect the advances that have been made in the last 10 years, providing didactic and reliable clinical guidance in hepatology from the world’s leading experts.

A consistent chapter structure allows readers to access the information immediately, with summary boxes and key learning points throughout, and special emphasis on the latest in evidence-based clinical guidance. And for the first time, this edition now offers a free companion website providing the 680 full-color illustrations and figures in the book, for use in scientific presentations.

Contents

1 Anatomy and Function (Jay H. Lefkowitch).

• Development of the liver and bile ducts.
• Anatomy of the liver.
• Functional liver anatomy: sectors and segments.
• Anatomical abnormalities of the liver.
• Anatomy of the biliary tract.
• Surface marking.
• Methods of examination.
• Microanatomy of the liver.
• Hepatic ultrastructure (electron microscopy) and organelle functions.
• Functional heterogeneity of the liver.
• Dynamics of the hepatic microenvironment in physiology and disease.
• Hepatocyte death and regeneration.

2 Assessment of Liver Function (Sandeep Mukherjee & John L. Gollan).

• Selection of biochemical tests.
• Bile pigments.
• Serum enzyme tests.
• Quantitative assessment of hepatic function.
• Lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
• Bile acids.
• Amino acid metabolism.
• Plasma proteins.
• Carbohydrate metabolism.
• Effects of ageing on the liver.

3 Biopsy of the Liver (David Patch & Amar Paul Dhillon).

• Selection and preparation of the patient.
• Techniques.
• Risks and complications.
• Sampling variability.
• Naked-eye appearances.
• Preparation of the specimen.
• Interpretation.
• Indications.
• Special methods.

4 Haematological Disorders of the Liver (Pramod K. Mistry & Dhanpat Jain).

• The liver and blood coagulation.
• Haemolytic jaundice.
• The liver in haemolytic anaemias.
• The liver in myelo- and lymphoproliferative disease.
• Leukaemia.
• Bone marrow transplantation.
• Lymphoma.
• Lipid storage diseases.

5 Acute Liver Failure (Shannan R. Tujios & William M. Lee).

• Defi nition.
• Epidemiology and aetiologies.
• Clinical features.
• Initial investigations.
• Complications and management of acute liver failure.
• Specific therapies.
• Prognosis.
• Liver transplantation.
• Liver support systems.
• Conclusion.

6 Hepatic Fibrogenesis (Meena B. Bansal & Scott L. Friedman).

• Introduction.
• Natural history of hepatic fi brosis.
• Cellular and molecular features of hepatic fi brosis.
• Clinical aspects of hepatic fibrosis.
• Emerging antifi brotic targets and strategies.

7 Hepatic Cirrhosis (P. Aiden McCormick).

• Definition.
• Causes of cirrhosis.
• Anatomical diagnosis.
• Reversible cirrhosis.
• Clinical cirrhosis: compensated versus decompensated.
• Vasodilatation and hyperdynamic circulation.
• Prognosis (Child–Pugh score, MELD, UKELD).
• Clinical and pathological associations.
• Management

8 Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis (Marsha Y. Morgan).

• Classification.
• Diagnosis.
• Differential diagnosis.
• Hepatic encephalopathy and liver transplantation.
• Prognosis.
• Pathogenesis.
• Management of hepatic encephalopathy.
• Prevention.

9 The Hepatic Artery, Portal Venous System and Portal Hypertension: the Hepatic Veins and Liver in Circulatory Failure (Andrew K. Burroughs).

• The hepatic artery.
• The portal venous system.
• Haemodynamics of portal hypertension.
• Clinical features of portal hypertension.
• Diagnosis of varices.
• Imaging the portal venous system.
• Classifi cation of portal hypertension.
• Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.
• Presinusoidal intrahepatic and sinusoidal portal hypertension.
• Bleeding oesophageal varices.
• Management of acute variceal bleeding.
• The hepatic veins.
• Budd–Chiari (hepatic venous obstruction) syndrome.
• Circulatory failure.

10 Ascites (Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao).

• Mechanisms of ascites formation.
• Clinical features.
• Differential diagnosis.
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
• Treatment of cirrhotic ascites.
• Hyponatraemia.
• Refractory ascites.
• Hepatorenal syndrome.
• Prognosis.

11 Jaundice and Cholestasis (Elwyn Elias).

• Introduction.
• Classification of jaundice.
• Physiology and pathophysiology.
• Syndrome of cholestasis.
• Investigation of the jaundiced patient.
• Differential diagnosis.
• Treatment.
• Familial non-haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemias.

12 Gallstones and Benign Biliary Diseases (James S. Dooley).

• Imaging.
• Composition of gallstones.
• Formation of cholesterol stones.
• Factors in cholesterol stone formation.
• Pigment gallstones.
• Natural history of gallbladder stones.
• Acute calculous cholecystitis.
• Empyema of the gallbladder.
• Emphysematous cholecystitis.
• Chronic calculous cholecystitis.
• Acalculous cholecystitis.
• Cholecystectomy.
• Postcholecystectomy bile duct damage.
• Postcholecystectomy syndromes.
• Non-surgical treatment of gallstones in the gallbladder.
• Other gallbladder pathology.
• Biliary fistulae.
• Gallstone ileus.
• Bile peritonitis.
• Association between cholecystectomy and colorectal cancer.
• Common duct stones.
• Management of duct stones.
• Haemobilia.
• Bile duct–bowel anastomotic stricture.
• Chronic pancreatitis.
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune pancreatitis.
• Bile duct pathology following liver transplantation.

13 Malignant Biliary Diseases (Rahul S. Koti & Brian R. Davidson).

• Carcinoma of the gallbladder.
• Carcinoma of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma).
• Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
• Other biliary malignancies.
• Metastases at the hilum.
• Periampullary carcinoma.
• Conclusions.

14 Cysts and Congenital Biliary Abnormalities (Giorgina Mieli-Vergani & Nedim Hadžic).

• Fibropolycystic diseases.
• Adult polycystic disease.
• Congenital hepatic fi brosis.
• Caroli’s disease.
• Microhamartoma (von Meyenberg complexes).
• Choledochal cysts.
• Congenital anomalies of the biliary tract.

15 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (Margaret F. Bassendine).

• Clinical features.
• Diagnosis.
• Aetiology.
• Epidemiology and genetics.
• Treatment.
• Prognosis.

16 Sclerosing Cholangitis (Simon Rushbrook & Roger W. Chapman).

• Introduction.
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
• Secondary sclerosing cholangitis.

17 Enterically Transmitted Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E (Peter Karayiannis & Howard C. Thomas).

• General features of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis.
• Hepatitis A virus.
• Hepatitis E virus.

18 Hepatitis B (Anna S. F. Lok).

• Introduction.
• Hepatitis B virus.
• Immune response and mechanisms of hepatic injury.
• Epidemiology.
• Prevention.
• Diagnosis.
• Clinical manifestations.
• Natural history.
• Treatment.
• 19 Hepatitis D (Patrizia Farci).
• History.
• Hepatitis D virus.
• Epidemiology.
• Pathogenesis.
• Modes of infection and clinical course.
• Diagnosis.
• Treatment.
• Prevention.

20 Hepatitis C (Geoffrey Dusheiko).

• Introduction.
• Epidemiology.
• Virology.
• Pathology and pathogenesis.
• Diagnostic tests for hepatitis C.
• Acute hepatitis C.
• Chronic hepatitis C.

21 Hepatitis due to Non-A–E Viruses (Antonio Craxì & Rosa Di Stefano).

• General features of non-A–E hepatitides.
• Hepatotropic viruses.
• Systemic viral infections that often cause transient liver involvement.

22 HIV and the Liver (Marion G. Peters & Vincent Soriano).

• Viral hepatitis and human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection.
• Cirrhosis and liver transplantation.
• HIV-associated opportunistic infections and the liver.
• HIV-associated neoplasms of the liver.
• Antiretroviral-related liver injury in HIV.

23 Autoimmune Hepatitis and Overlap Syndromes (Gideon M. Hirschfi eld & E. Jenny Heathcote).

• Introduction.
• Disease overview.
• Biological determinants of disease.
• Disease presentation.
• Laboratory features.
• Imaging.
• Liver biopsy and histological features.
• Differential diagnosis.
• Diagnostic dilemmas.
• Making a diagnosis in practice.
• Management strategies.
• Pregnancy and autoimmune hepatitis.
• Contraception choices for patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
• The elderly and autoimmune hepatitis.
• Childhood-onset autoimmune hepatitis.
• Autoimmune hepatitis and liver transplantation.
• Overlap syndromes.
• Conclusion.

24 Drug-Induced Liver Injury (Leonard B. Seeff & Robert J. Fontana).

• Introduction.
• Worldwide epidemiology.
• Expressions of hepatotoxicity.
• Classifi cation of hepatotoxicity.
• Predictors of susceptibility and outcome in druginduced liver injury.
• Mechanisms of injury, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
• Diagnostic approaches and causality assessment of drug-induced liver injury.
• Clinical and biochemical presentations of drug-induced liver disease.
• Assessment of suspected drug-induced liver disease.
• Assessing causality for drug-induced liver disease.
• Medical management.
• Liver injury from specific drugs.

25 Alcohol and the Liver (Stephen Stewart & Chris Day).

• Introduction.
• Alcohol metabolism.
• Pathogenesis.
• Susceptibility.
• Histological features.
• Clinical features.
• Clinical syndromes.
• Prognosis.
• Treatment.

26 Iron Overload States (Paul Adams).

• Normal iron metabolism.
• Iron overload and liver damage.
• Genetic haemochromatosis.
• Other iron storage diseases.

27 Wilson’s Disease (Eve A. Roberts).

• Molecular genetics: pathogenesis.
• Pathology.
• Clinical picture.
• Genetic strategies.
• Diagnostic diffi culties.
• Treatment.
• Prognosis.
• Indian childhood cirrhosis.

28 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nutrition (Stephen H. Caldwell & Curtis K. Argo).

• Introduction.
• Clinical features.
• Laboratory testing.
• Mitochondriopathies and lipodystrophy.
• Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
• Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
• The natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-NASH fatty liver).
• Therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
• Other forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver.

29 The Liver in the Neonate, in Infancy and Childhood (Deirdre A. Kelly).

• Investigation of liver disease in children.
• Neonatal jaundice.
• Neonatal liver disease (conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia).
• Neonatal hepatitis syndrome.
• Inherited disease in the neonate.
• Genetic cholestatic syndromes.
• Structural abnormalities: biliary atresia and choledochal cyst.
• Acute liver failure in infancy.
• Liver disease in older children.
• Metabolic disease in older children.
• Cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
• Liver transplantation.
• Tumours of the liver.

30 The Liver in Pregnancy (Andrew K. Burroughs & E. Jenny Heathcote).

• Normal pregnancy.
• Liver disease in pregnancy.
• Diseases specifi c to pregnancy.
• Diseases of late pregnancy.
• Pregnancy in those with acute or chronic liver disease.
• Hepatotoxic drugs and the pregnant woman.
• Pre-existing liver disease.
• Pregnancy in liver transplant recipients.

31 The Liver in Systemic Disease (Humphrey J. F. Hodgson).

• Collagen-vascular and autoimmune disorders.
• Hepatic granulomas.
• The liver in diabetes mellitus.
• Liver and thyroid.
• Liver and adrenal.
• Liver and growth hormone.
• Amyloidosis.
• Porphyrias.
• Non-metastatic complications of malignancy.
• Bone-marrow/stem cell transplantation; graft-versushost disease.

32 The Liver in Infections (Christopher C. Kibbler).

• Introduction.
• Jaundice of infections.
• Pyogenic liver abscess.
• Hepatic amoebiasis.
• Tuberculosis of the liver.
• Hepatic actinomycosis.
• Syphilis of the liver.
• Perihepatitis.
• Leptospirosis.
• Relapsing fever.
• Lyme disease.
• Rickettsial infections.
• Fungal infections.
• Schistosomiasis (bilharzia).
• Malaria.
• Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis).
• Hydatid disease.
• Ascariasis.
• Strongyloides stercoralis.
• Trichinosis.
• Toxocara canis (visceral larva migrans).
• Liver flukes.

33 Space-Occupying Lesions: the Diagnostic Approach (Neil H. Davies & Dominic Yu).

• Ultrasound.
• Computed tomography.
• Magnetic resonance imaging.
• Radioisotope scanning.
• Positron emission tomography.
• MR spectroscopy.
• Conclusions and choice of imaging technique.

34 Benign Liver Tumours (Ian R. Wanless).

• Diagnosis of focal liver lesions.
• Hepatocellular tumours.
• Biliary and cystic lesions.
• Mesenchymal tumours.

35 Primary Malignant Neoplasms of the Liver (Morris Sherman).

• Hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Cholangiocarcinoma.
• Other malignant neoplasms of the liver.

36 Hepatic Transplantation (Andrew K. Burroughs & James O'Beirne).

• Selection of patients.
• Candidates: outcome.
• Absolute and relative contraindications.
• General preparation of the patient.
• Donor selection and operation.
• The recipient operation.
• Immunosuppression.
• Postoperative course.
• Post-transplantation complications.
• Conclusion.

37 Liver Transplantation in Patients with Hepatitis B, C or HIV Infection (Norah Terrault).

• Introduction.
• Hepatitis B and liver transplantation.
• Hepatitis C and liver transplantation.
• HIV and liver transplantation.
• References.

Index.

About the Editors

• James Dooley, Editor-in-Chief, worked with Professor Dame Sheila Sherlock on this book for three editions before her death in December 2001. He is a Consultant Hepatologist at the Royal Free Hospital, London.
• Andrew Burroughs is a Consultant Physician and Hepatologist at the Royal Free Hospital, Liver Transplantation and Hepato-biliary Medicine Unit. He qualified in Liverpool with a MB ChB Honours in 1976, gained his MRCP in 1978 and FRCP in 1991. He is a Fellow of the European Board of Gastroenterology. He has been Scientific Secretary of the European Association for the Study of the Liver 1997-1999. He continues his association with EASL as administrative secretary until 2001. He is a council member of the United European Gastroenterology Federation until 2002, and a council member of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. He is a member of the MRC advisory board in the UK, from 1997 onwards. He was a member of Council of the British Society of Gastroenterology from 1992 to 1995. Andrew Burroughs main research interests are portal hypertension, variceal bleeding and coagulopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis, prognosis in liver disease and liver transplantation. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed articles.
• Anna Lok is a Professor of Internal Medicine and the Director of Clinical Hepatology at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Her research focuses on the epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis B and C viruses. Millions of people worldwide are infected and are at risk for hepatitis-associated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dr. Lok has made seminal contributions to our understanding of the natural history of hepatitis B and the role of hepatitis B virus genotypes and variants in the outcome of chronic hepatitis B infection. She has also made contributions to the treatment of hepatitis-induced diseases. She is currently testing new antiviral therapies for hepatitis B, developing cost-effective methods for preventing recurrent hepatitis B infection following liver transplantation, and studying the long-term effects of interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis C. During her distinguished career, she has received numerous awards for research and teaching.
• Jenny Heathcote, Toronto Western Hospital, Canada.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 792 pages
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 12 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1405134895
• ISBN-13: 978-1405134897
• Product Dimensions: 11 x 8.6 x 1.6 inches

List Price: $199.95 

 

Friedman: Handbook of Liver Disease 3rd edition (Expert Consult Series)

We are pleased to serve as editors of the third edition of Handbook of Liver Disease. The field of hepatology has continued to advance exponentially since publication of the second edition in 2004. We stand at the threshold of an exciting new era of therapy for chronic hepatitis C with the introduction of protease inhibitors and, in the near future, polymerase inhibitors to our armamentarium, which promises to expand rapidly in coming years. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B has also evolved with the introduction of entecavir and tenofovir, which have proved to be more potent and less likely to result in the development of resistance than older nucleoside and nucleotide analogs.

Pharmacogenetic testing has entered mainstream practice with the introduction of IL28B genotype testing for determination of responsiveness to pegylated interferon and the study of ITPA genotypes to predict the likelihood of anemia in patients treated with ribavirin. Genetic advances promise to inform other areas of hepatology, including prediction of hepatotoxicity from drugs as well as susceptibility to many metabolic liver diseases and gallstone formation. Our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in portal hypertension and associated complications has become more sophisticated, and approaches to enhance the reversibility of liver fibrosis, even when the underlying cause cannot be eliminated, loom on the horizon. Prognostication and determination of candidacy for liver transplantation have become more refined at the same time that surgical techniques have advanced. These are exciting times to study the liver and to care for patients with acute and chronic liver diseases.

The goal of this handbook remains the same as that for the first two editions—to provide a concise, accurate, up-to-date, and readily accessible reference for students of the liver and for busy practitioners. We continue to use an outline format, lists, tables, and figures in color to convey information efficiently, yet without losing the depth and richness of the field. State-of-the-art summaries are presented economically but without scrimping on necessary details of the scientific underpinnings needed for optimal decision-making in practice.

This edition has a new feature in the online version of the book, namely, board-review questions for each chapter prepared by the follows in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Stanford University School of Medicine. We believe that these review questions will be of particular use to readers preparing for the certification and recertification examinations in gastroenterology and hepatology.

We have been fortunate to retain many of the renowned authors from the previous editions, all of whom are authorities in their respective fields. In this edition, we welcome two new senior authors—Drs. Marina Berenguer and Christopher Bowlus—and a number of new co-authors who have enhanced the diversity and currency of the book. We continue to believe that this handbook will serve as a useful and valuable reference for busy practicing gastroenterologists and hepatologists, internists, family practitioners, other specialists, and trainees in gastroenterology and hepatology or internal medicine.

Lawrence S. Friedman and Emmet B. Keeffe 

Foreword

In the 1970s, hepatology as a specialty was compared with neurology: both hepatologists and neurologists could name the “lesion,” but neither could do anything about it. Physicians had access to a few heroic options (e.g., portosystemic shunt surgery) and therapy for a limited spectrum of liver diseases (e.g., corticosteroid therapy for autoimmune hepatitis, phlebotomy for hemochromatosis), but for most liver disorders, all they could do was watch with concern and consternation as diseases progressed inexorably. In the past three decades—in little more than a single human generation—advances in hepatology have been staggering. 

In the 1970s, no therapy was available for chronic viral hepatitis (the use of corticosteroids was misguided), nor did salvage therapy exist for acute liver failure or end-stage liver disease. For the diagnosis of cholecystitis and hepatic mass lesions, we relied on radioisotope scintigraphy, an imaging approach that is now largely forgotten; we debated the value, now disproven, of corticosteroids for acute fulminant hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury (DILI); we considered whether splenorenal shunting was better than portacaval shunting (yes in Atlanta, no in Boston); we pursued medical dissolution therapy and, later, lithotripsy for gallstones; we debated whether asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) shortened life spans (no in New Haven, yes in Rochester); we chased down many false leads to explain what was then called “non-A, non-B” hepatitis; and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was not even on our radar screens. 

Since wandering in the dark prior to the 1970s with the misperception that only two types of viral hepatitis existed, we have arrived at our present day elucidation of five distinct and well-characterized types of viral hepatitis. Fewer than 20 years elapsed between the discovery of the envelope protein of hepatitis B and the development of a hepatitis B vaccine (with the 1976 Nobel Prize to Baruch Blumberg along the way). Early dabbling with interferon to the availability of the current generation of highly potent oral drugs took fewer than 30 years. Today, although we cannot cure hepatitis B, we can treat it and prevent its complications. Who in the 1970s would have imagined the impact of therapy on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B—slowing of fibrosis and even reversal of cirrhosis, rescue therapy for and prevention of hepatic decompensation, and a 30% reduction in listing for liver transplantation—in the half decade after the introduction of oral antiviral agents?Transfusion-associated hepatitis—most of which, in retrospect, was caused by hepatitis C—occurred in 30% of transfusion recipients prior to the 1970s; it declined to 10% in the early 1970s with the switch from commercial to volunteer blood donors, to under 5% when surrogate markers were introduced to screen blood, and to almost never (1 in 2.3 million transfusions) with sensitive nucleic acid amplification to test donor blood. Who could have predicted in the 1970s that hepatitis C was not primarily a transfusion-associated disease or that the annual incidence of acute hepatitis C would fall by almost 90% in the 1990s?Although a vaccine remains elusive, we should celebrate the progress that took place in as little as 23 years, from the ultimate discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 1988 to a nearly 80% cure rate with protease inhibitor-pegylated interferon-ribavirin antiviral therapy in 2011 (and the 2000 Lasker Award to Michael Houghton and Harvey Alter along the way). Now that two hepatitis C protease inhibitors have been approved in the United States, attention is turning to the two dozen plus new protease inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, NS5A inhibitors, and other agents in development and to the promise, even a first glimpse, of cures with all-oral regimens. 

Perhaps the largest impact on the transformation of hepatology into an “activist” specialty was liver transplantation, which began haltingly as an experimental, last-ditch measure in the 1970s to become routine in little more than a decade; improvements in outcome followed better timing and more rational organ allocation, novel immunosuppressive drugs and strategies, and refinements in surgical technique. Currently, we are much better at navigating between levels of immunosuppression that prevent rejection but that limit predisposition to infection, and the frequency of recurrence of primary disease has been reduced in some disorders (e.g., hepatitis B) but not others (e.g., hepatitis C). Still vexing is the shortage of donor livers, barely touched by recent excursions into accepting living-donor allografts, split-liver allografts, and marginal donor livers. To address the donor shortage, we may have to rely in the future on xenotransplantation, artificial livers, and stem cells, which, today, remain a remote dream. 

From old debates about the value of colchicine and methotrexate for PBC, now mostly discarded, we have moved on to an elucidation of the target antigen of mitochondrial antibodies and of the genetic underpinning of PBC. Now well established is the value of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its long-term impact on the natural history of the disease, at least in patient subgroups, as reflected by the reduction in the rate of liver transplantation for PBC that paralleled the broad adoption of UDCA therapy. 

Fatty liver has been transformed from an unappreciated curiosity to what is recognized now as one of the most common liver disorders; attention has been focused on its association with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome as well as on its supporting role in progressive hepatic fibrosis and its contribution to “cryptogenic” cirrhosis. Fatty liver is now recognized as a comorbid factor in hepatitis C and a negative predictor of hepatitis C treatment response. Indeed, the link between fatty liver and hepatitis C is intimate; HCV and lipids rely on the same low-density lipoprotein (LDL) assembly/secretion pathway. By masquerading as a lipoprotein and, essentially, hijacking this lipid metabolic pathway, HCV reduces its visibility to the host adaptive immune response, thereby contributing to its success as a human pathogen. An explanation for the mechanism of hepatic injury in fatty liver remains elusive, although the nontriglyceride-lipotoxicity hypothesis is gaining traction. Similarly elusive have been attempts to identify treatments for fatty liver disease. 

Today, we have laparoscopic cholecystectomy, previously unimagined diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic interventions for biliary tract disorders, and sophisticated digital hepatobiliary imaging. For variceal bleeding, non selective beta blockade is the cornerstone of prophylaxis; the combination of endoscopic ligation and pharmacologic therapy is the accepted approach to an acute bleed; endoscopic surveillance and ligation as well as beta blockade have an established role in preventing rebleeding after an initial bleed; and the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has supplanted portosystemic shunt surgery for refractory bleeding (often as a bridge to liver transplantation). A role for TIPS has also been demonstrated in refractory ascites and hydrothorax, hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and hepatic vein occlusion. Pharmacologic interventions are available now to treat HRS type 1 (terlipressin plus albumin), prevent (norfloxacin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and treat (third-generation cephalosporins and intravenous albumin) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and manage hepatic encephalopathy (antimicrobials such as rifaximin, besides lactulose). The importance of intravascular volume expansion is recognized now as a mainstay of the management of refractory ascites and SBP. 

For the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has been increasing in incidence each decade (in parallel with an aging cohort of patients who have chronic hepatitis C), we have evolved from occasional resection a generation ago to a contemporary menu that includes chemotherapy (recently approved sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor that targets serine/threonine and tyrosine receptor kinases), surgical resection, angiographic chemoembolization, and percutaneous ablation. 

All these advances are covered in succinct, well-documented, and clear chapters in this edition of the Handbook of Liver Disease. In addition, the current edition reflects recent advances in our understanding of the genetic bases for bilirubin conjugation and excretion disorders, familial intrahepatic cholestatic disorders, Wilson disease, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, responsiveness to interferon-based therapy for hepatitis C and susceptibility to ribavirin-associated hemolysis, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and the risk of DILI. In addition, the Handbook includes detailed chapters summarizing other important liver diseases, including DILI; acute liver failure; autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune biliary disorders, and overlap syndromes; acute and chronic alcoholic liver disease; the multisystem manifestations of end-stage liver disease; liver disorders of pregnancy; granulomatous disorders; infections of the liver besides viral hepatitis; vascular disorders affecting the liver; hepatic manifestations of systemic disease; the risk of surgery in patients with liver disease and postoperative jaundice; and disorders of the gallbladder and bile ducts. Coverage of liver disease in the early 21^st century would be incomplete without a review of the protean hepatic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (including infiltrative opportunistic infections and malignancies, viral hepatitis, fatty liver, antiretroviral drug hepatotoxicity, and AIDS cholangiopathy), and this topic is well covered. The chapters are enhanced by instructive illustrations, useful tables, and suggested diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. In addition, the anchoring of every topic to an understanding of pathophysiology as the foundation for diagnosis and management is one of the clear longitudinal themes threaded through all the chapters. 

Whereas medical information in the 1970s was disseminated primarily through physical textbooks and journals, medical information today is available digitally from the vast reaches of cyberspace. At the touch of a button, physicians (and patients) can access a wealth of timely and updated information without ever touching a book. Why, then, publish a physical Handbook of Liver Disease in 2011? The answer is simple. Like a foundational lecture, the Handbook provides organizational perspective and a thoughtful overview of the field—thematically unified, scholarly, succinct, and evidence-based—an ideal starting point for the novice and the expert, for the generalist and the specialist. Some textbooks oversimplify, sacrificing accuracy and depth for easily digestible summaries. Others overwhelm readers with complexity and distracting detail. The Handbook, however, strikes an ideal balance between these extremes of depth and simplification. Of course, a physical text can be only as current as its publication date, and, given the accelerated pace of progress, both predictable and unpredicted advances will have occurred by the time the Handbook is published. If anything, this level of structural obsolescence is a metaphor for the rapidity of change and inspires us to imagine what hepatology will look like in another generation.

-- Jules L. Dienstag, MD

Key Features

• Expedite diagnostic and therapeutic decision making with a highly templated outline format that uses full-color illustrations, tables, algorithms and figures, key point boxes, and alert symbols to present information at a glance.

Website Features

• Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
• Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
• Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.  

New to this edition 

• Apply some of the latest treatments for liver disease including the role of pretreatment IL28B testing for patients with hepatitis B and C;  radiofrequency ablation and sorafenib in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma;  the use of the drug rifaximin to treat hepatic encephalopathy;  and much more.
• Make optimal use of genetic testing to assess your patients' risk of metabolic liver disease and to personalize treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C.
• Offer your liver transplantation patients the best prognosis and follow-up with the latest information on outcomes and the management of complications.
• Use blood test panels and noninvasive imaging techniques to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis.
• Make informed treatment decisions with the latest clinical trial results for portal hypertension, autoimmune liver diseases, acute liver failure, and hepatic infections.
• Search the complete text online, download all the images, and test your knowledge with 200 board-style review questions at www.expertconsult.com.

Contents 

• Chapter 1 - Assessment of liver function and diagnostic studies
• Chapter 2 - Acute liver failure
• Chapter 3 - Acute viral hepatitis
• Chapter 4 - Chronic viral hepatitis
• Chapter 5 - Autoimmune hepatitis
• Chapter 6 - Alcoholic liver disease
• Chapter 7 - Fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
• Chapter 8 - Drug-induced and toxic liver disease
• Chapter 9 - Cirrhosis and portal hypertension: an overview
• Chapter 10 - Portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding
• Chapter 11 - Ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
• Chapter 12 - Hepatorenal syndrome
• Chapter 13 - Hepatic encephalopathy
• Chapter 14 - Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Chapter 15 - Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Chapter 16 - Hemochromatosis
• Chapter 17 - Wilson disease and related disorders
• Chapter 18 - Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and other metabolic liver diseases
• Chapter 19 - Budd–Chiari syndrome and other vascular disorders
• Chapter 20 - The liver in heart failure
• Chapter 21 - The liver in pregnancy
• Chapter 22 - The liver in systemic disease
• Chapter 23 - Pediatric liver disease
• Chapter 24 - Liver disease in the elderly
• Chapter 25 - Hepatobiliary complications of HIV
• Chapter 26 - Granulomatous liver disease
• Chapter 27 - Hepatic tumors
• Chapter 28 - Hepatic abscesses and cysts
• Chapter 29 - Other infections involving the liver
• Chapter 30 - Surgery in the patient with liver disease and postoperative jaundice
• Chapter 31 - Liver transplantation
• Chapter 32 - Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis
• Chapter 33 - Diseases of the bile ducts
• Chapter 34 - Tumors of the biliary tract

Product Details 

• Paperback: 536 pages
• Publisher: Saunders; 3 edition (August 26, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 143771725X
• ISBN-13: 978-1437717259

List Price: $99.95 

Wyllie: Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease 4th Edition (Expert Consult Series)

We are proud of the Fourth Edition of Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. We have been able to attract a talented roster of international experts who have ably updated many of the chapters where new information arises at a rapid pace. The book continues to be organized into distinct sections starting with basic aspects of gastrointestinal function, followed by common clinical problems, organ-specific diseases, surgical procedures, and gastrointestinal procedures. The last three sections of the book focus on liver disease, pancreatic disease, and nutritional issues. We have added or expanded chapters in emerging areas such as endoscopic procedures and transplantation, including not only liver transplantation, but also small bowel and pancreatic transplantation, in addition to such topics as polyposis syndromes, liver diseases with a genetic etiology, and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.

We continue to be fortunate in receiving expert and unwavering support from the editorial staff at Elsevier. Special thanks to Taylor Ball and Claire Kramer for their assistance during the development and production of this book.

The production of a large book takes many hours of commitment by our authors. We recognize the increasing demands on everyone's time and want to express our gratitude to them for their efforts. They truly are the engine that drives the train over the hills and valleys of the production process. Lastly, we would like to thank our readership over the past 18 years whose feedback and curiosity have inspired us to move forward with this Fourth Edition. We all learn something new every day in the care of children with gastrointestinal and liver disease, and we hope that this book will provide a platform for the attainment of new knowledge.

-- Robert Wyllie, Jeffrey Hyams

Key Features

• Confirm each diagnosis by consulting a section, organized by symptoms, that presents the full range of differential diagnoses and treatment options for each specific condition.
• Recognize disease processes at a glance with detailed diagrams that accurately illustrate complex concepts.

Website Features

• Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
• Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
• Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
• Images: Browse a Library of all book images. Easily select, organize, and download your images into a presentation.
• Review Questions: Quiz yourself with these questions in either Study Mode (review) or Assessment Mode (timed test).
• The references for Rutherford's Vascular Surgery, 7th edition, are only available online on this website. The References section for each chapter can be found in its usual location at the end of each corresponding chapter. For your convenience, we also offer the references in PDF format for easy printing. To access the PDFs, simply click on References or on the link in the Navigation bar.

New to this edition

• Stay current with advances in the field by reviewing new chapters on Polyps and Polyposis Syndromes, Capsule Endoscopy and Small Bowel Enteroscopy, Small Bowel Transplantation, IBD, Short Gut Syndrome, Steatosis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Pancreatic and Islet Cell Transplants.
• 
  
• Gain fresh global perspectives from an expanded list of expert international contributors.
• 
  
• Sharpen your visual recognition by accessing a color-plate section that displays additional endoscopy images.
• 
  
• Prepare for certification or recertification with 475 online board review-style questions, answers, and rationales.

Contents

Section 1 - Biologic Aspects of Gastrointestinal Function

• Chapter 1 - Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
• Chapter 2 - Basic Aspects of Digestion and Absorption
• Chapter 3 - Bile Acid Physiology and Alterations in the Enterohepatic Circulation
• Chapter 4 - Indigenous Flora
• Chapter 5 - Physiology of Gastrointestinal Motility
• Chapter 6 - Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immunology and Mechanisms of Inflammation

Section 2 - Clinical Problems

• Chapter 7 - Chronic Abdominal Pain of Childhood and Adolescence
• Chapter 8 - Approach to the Child With a Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder
• Chapter 9 - Vomiting and Nausea
• Chapter 10 - Diarrhea
• Chapter 11 - Colic and Gastrointestinal Gas
• Chapter 12 - Constipation and Fecal Incontinence
• Chapter 13 - Failure to Thrive
• Chapter 14 - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
• Chapter 15 - Obesity
• Chapter 16 - Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents
• Chapter 17 - Jaundice
• Chapter 18 - Ascites
• Chapter 19 - Caustic Ingestion and Foreign Bodies
• Chapter 20 - Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Esophagus

Section 3 - The Esophagus

• Chapter 21 - Congenital Malformations of the Esophagus
• Chapter 22 - Gastroesophageal Reflux
• Chapter 23 - Achalasia and Other Motor Disorders
• Chapter 24 - Other Diseases of the Esophagus

Section 4 - The Stomach

• Chapter 25 - Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Stomach
• Chapter 26 - Congenital Anomalies and Surgical Disorders of the Stomach
• Chapter 27 - Gastritis, Gastropathy, and Ulcer Disease
• Chapter 28 - Helicobacter pylori in Childhood
• Chapter 29 - Gastric Motility Disorders
• Chapter 30 - Bezoars

Section 5 - The Small and Large Intestine

• Chapter 31 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Small and Large Intestines
• Chapter 32 - Maldigestion and Malabsorption
• Chapter 33 - Protracted Diarrhea
• Chapter 34 - Protein-Losing Enteropathy
• Chapter 35 - Celiac Disease
• Chapter 36 - Short Bowel Syndrome
• Chapter 37 - Small Bowel Transplant
• Chapter 38 - Allergic and Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease
• Chapter 39 - Infectious Diarrhea
• Chapter 40 - Enteric Parasites
• Chapter 41 - Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Primary Immunodeficiency
• Chapter 42 - Gastrointestinal Complications of Secondary Immunodeficiency Syndromes
• Chapter 43 - Pediatric Polyposis Syndromes
• Chapter 44 - Crohn’s Disease
• Chapter 45 - Ulcerative Colitis in Children and Adolescents
• Chapter 46 - Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction
• Chapter 47 - Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
• Chapter 48 - Disorders of the Anorectum: Fissures, Fistulas, Prolapse, Hemorrhoids, Tags
• Chapter 49 - Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver
• Chapter 50 - Other Diseases of the Small Intestine and Colon
• Chapter 51 - Appendicitis

Section 6 - Pediatric Surgical Disorders

• Chapter 52 - Intussusception in Infants and Children
• Chapter 53 - Inguinal Hernias and Hydroceles
• Chapter 54 - Meckel’s Diverticulum and Other Omphalomesenteric Duct Remnants
• Chapter 55 - Hirschsprung’s Disease
• Chapter 56 - Imperforate Anus
• Chapter 57 - Abnormal Rotation and Fixation of the Intestine
• Chapter 58 - Small and Large Bowel Stenosis and Atresias
• Chapter 59 - Newborn Abdominal Wall Defects
• Chapter 60 - Stomas of the Small and Large Intestine

Section 7 - Gastrointestinal Procedures

• Chapter 61 - Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Related Techniques
• Chapter 62 - Colonoscopy, Polypectomy, and Related Techniques
• Chapter 63 - Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
• Chapter 64 - Capsule Endoscopy and Small Bowel Enteroscopy
• Chapter 65 - Gastrointestinal Motility Procedures
• Chapter 66 - Gastrointestinal Pathology

Section 8 - The Liver and Bile Ducts

• Chapter 67 - Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Liver and Bile Ducts
• Chapter 68 - Neonatal Hepatitis
• Chapter 69 - Biliary Atresia and Neonatal Disorders of the Bile Ducts
• Chapter 70 - Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease with Genetic Etiology
• Chapter 71 - Mitochondrial Hepatopathies: Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation and the Respiratory Chain
• Chapter 72 - Abnormalities of Hepatic Protein Metabolism
• Chapter 73 - Abnormalities of Carbohydrate Metabolism and the Liver
• Chapter 74 - Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
• Chapter 75 - Acute and Chronic Hepatitis
• Chapter 76 - Portal Hypertension
• Chapter 77 - Liver Failure
• Chapter 78 - Liver Transplantation in Children
• Chapter 79 - Diseases of the Gallbladder

Section 9 - The Pancreas

• Chapter 80 - Pancreatic Development
• Chapter 81 - Cystic Fibrosis and Congenital Anomalies of the Exocrine Pancreas
• Chapter 82 - Pancreatitis
• Chapter 83 - Total Pancreatectomy with Autoislet Transplantation, and Pancreatic Allotransplantation
• Chapter 84 - Secretory Neoplasms of the Pancreas
• Chapter 85 - Infant and Toddler Nutrition

Section 10 - Nutrition

• Chapter 86 - Nutritional Assessment
• Chapter 87 - Tubes for Enteric Access
• Chapter 88 - Parenteral Nutrition
• Chapter 89 - Enteral Nutrition
• Chapter 90 - Management of Diarrhea
• Chapter 91 - Effects of Digestive Diseases on Bone Metabolism
• Chapter 92 - Nutrition and Feeding for Children with Developmental Disabilities

Product Details

• Hardcover: 1104 pages
• Publisher: Saunders; 4 edition (December 20, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1437707742
• ISBN-13: 978-1437707748
• Product Dimensions: 11.1 x 8.8 x 1.8 inches

List Price: $218.00 

Scheuer's Liver Biopsy Interpretation 8th Edition (Expert Consult Series)

The present edition of this book is the first without the direct imprimature of its founding and longtime author Professor Peter J. Scheuer, who very sadly died in 2006. The younger reader may not know that Liver Biopsy Interpretation was the first book of its kind, a fairly slender volume written by Peter when he was Senior Lecturer in Morbid Anatomy at the Royal Free Hospital Medical School, London, and published just over 40 years ago in 1968. At the time the percutaneous needle liver biopsy technique of Menghini had been in regular use only for a decade, so Peter's concept of a book ‘intended as a practical aid to liver biopsy diagnosis’ (as he wrote in the Preface to the first edition) was both timely and prescient.

Preparation of the subsequent editions was a source of great satisfaction to him, particularly the integration of advances in the fields of hepatology and hepatic pathology. Peter's unique ability to distill the essence of a diagnostic problem to its crystalline core, both conceptually and in writing, was a quality much in evidence in his lectures and publications. Many friends, trainees and colleagues benefited from his generously given advice and counsel, myself included. Peter's optimistic view of the world and the pursuit of academe were informed by his gentle good humour and love of music (a prodigiously talented cellist and chamber music enthusiast), the Italian language and the arts. He is greatly missed. The book's new title, Scheuer's Liver Biopsy Interpretation, honours Peter Scheuer and his many contributions to the way we think about pathology of the liver.

For this edition there are both new illustrations and references which address recently described entities as well as current diagnostic problems in practice including chronic hepatitis and fatty liver disease. The principle of a concise ‘bench’ book for use by the microscope has been kept to the fore and the reader is encouraged to take advantage of larger textbooks and Internet sources for new information. It is to be hoped that the material in this book will serve not only as a foundation for interpreting liver biopsies, but also to stimulate encorporation of the many advances in genomic and molecular diagnostics that are now available.

-- Jay H. Lefkowitch

Contents 

CHAPTER 1 - General Principles of Biopsy Assessment

• Introduction
• Type and adequacy of liver biopsy specimen
• The specimen at the bedside and in the laboratory
• References

CHAPTER 2 - Laboratory Techniques 

• Processing of the specimen
• Choice of stains
• References
• General reading

CHAPTER 3 - The Normal Liver

• Structures and components
• Normal appearances in childhood
• Ageing
• Biopsy of the normal liver

CHAPTER 4 - Assessment and Differential Diagnosis of Pathological Features

• Initial examination and reporting
• Basic patterns of injury
• Differential diagnosis of individual findings

CHAPTER 5 - Biliary Disease

• Introduction
• Cholestasis
• Large bile-duct obstruction
• Cholangitis: infection of the biliary tree
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Other disorders with intrahepatic bile-duct loss

CHAPTER 6 - Acute Viral Hepatitis 

• Introduction
• Pathological features
• Individual causes of viral hepatitis
• Differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis
• Fate and morphological sequelae of acute viral hepatitis

CHAPTER 7 - Steatosis, Steatohepatitis and Related Conditions

• Steatosis
• Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Steatohepatitis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic
• Other alcohol-related liver lesions

CHAPTER 8 - Drugs and Toxins

• Introduction
• Classification and mechanisms
• Morphological categories

CHAPTER 9 - Chronic Hepatitis

• Definition and causes
• Classification and nomenclature
• Use of liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis
• Histological features of chronic hepatitis
• Individual causes of chronic hepatitis
• Differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis
• Semi-quantitative scoring: grading and staging

CHAPTER 10 - Cirrhosis

• Introduction
• Diagnosis of cirrhosis by liver biopsy
• Assessment of cause
• Stage of development
• Histological activity
• Complications

CHAPTER 11 - Neoplasms and Nodules

• Introduction
• Neoplasms and nodules in adults
• Extrahepatic malignancy and the liver
• Neoplasms and nodules in children
• Cytopathological diagnosis

CHAPTER 12 - Vascular Disorders

• The hepatic arteries
• The portal veins
• The hepatic sinusoids
• Venous congestion and outflow obstruction

CHAPTER 13 - Childhood Liver Disease and Metabolic Disorders

• Introduction
• Diagnostic approach to neonatal liver biopsy
• Neonatal hepatitis
• Extrahepatic biliary atresia
• Paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts in childhood
• Fibropolycystic diseases
• Inherited metabolic disorders
• Reye's syndrome
• Parenteral nutrition
• Hyperbilirubinaemias
• Inherited cholestatic syndromes
• Cirrhosis in childhood

CHAPTER 14 - Disturbances of Copper and Iron Metabolism

• Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
• Iron overload
• Primary iron overload disorders
• Secondary iron overload disorders

CHAPTER 15 - The Liver in Systemic Disease and Pregnancy

• Introduction
• Granulomas
• Viral diseases
• Rickettsial, bacterial and fungal infections
• Parasitic diseases
• Gastrointestinal disorders and the liver
• Haematological disorders and the liver
• The liver in rheumatoid, immune-complex and collagen diseases
• Amyloidosis and light chain deposition
• The liver in the porphyrias
• Non-specific reactive changes
• The liver in pregnancy

CHAPTER 16 - The Liver in Organ Transplantation

• Introduction
• Liver transplantation 
• Renal transplantation
• Bone marrow transplantation

CHAPTER 17 - Electron Microscopy and Other Techniques

• Introduction
• Electron microscopy of liver biopsies
• The normal liver and examples of ultrastructural changes in disease
• Immunoelectron microscopy
• Scanning electron microscopy
• Immunohistochemistry
• In situ hybridisation
• Flow cytometry of lymphocytes from liver biopsies
• Confocal laser scanning microscopy
• Polymerase chain reaction
• Laser capture microdissection
• Gene array analysis

Glossary

Key Features

• A well-written, complete, and concise quick reference that helps the practicing and trainee pathologist solve diagnostic problems at the mircroscope.
• High-quality color images complement the text throughout and provide the user with a complete visual guide to each entity and assist in the recognition and diagnosis of any tissue sample under the microscope.
• Practical tips and “hands on” advice are offered from two of the world’s leading experts in liver pathology, providing the trainee and general surgical pathologist with time-saving diagnostic clues when dealing with difficult specimens.
• A glossary of frequently used terms and descriptions used in the pathology report is contained at the end of the book, which is a useful quick reference for trainee pathologists and clinical hepatologists who may be unfamiliar with many of the terms and descriptions. This glossary will assist in the writing and reading of a pathology report.
• A selection of a few general reading references is provided at the end of each chapter, directing the trainee or practitioner to the most relevant and authoritative sources of further information and study.

Website Features

• Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
• Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
• Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
• Images: Browse a Library of all book images. Easily select, organize, and download your images into a presentation.

New to this edition

• A brand new chapter: "Practical Principles in Biopsy Assessment". Focus is on interpretation rather than a mere listing of pathological changes. The initial overview of the biopsy specimen provides critical clues to diagnosis and a highly illustrated guide to ddx will be of enormous help in avoiding diagnostic errors.
• Expanded coverage throughout, especially of liver tumours, pediatric fatty liver disease, neonatal cholestasis. Keeps the user apprised of the key areas of growth and development in diagnosis and interpretation.
• Histopathology correlated with molecular genetics and immunohistochemistry whenever clinically relevant. Keeps the user up-to-date with all of the latest tools for performing a complete and accurate diagnosis.
• Many new high-quality colour illustrations. Helps the user identify a wide variety of pathologic lesions.
• Text and images available online via Expert Consult.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 416 pages
• Publisher: Saunders Ltd.; 8 edition (July 28, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 070203410X
• ISBN-13: 978-0702034107
• Product Dimensions: 9.9 x 7.7 x 0.9 inches

List Price: $170.00