Lecture Notes: Medical Microbiology & Infection 5th Edition

Medical Microbiology and Infection Lecture Notes is ideal for medical students, junior doctors, pharmacy students, junior pharmacists, nurses, and those training in the allied health professions. It presents a thorough introduction and overview of this core subject area, and has been fully revised and updated to include:

• Chapters written by leading experts reflecting current research and teaching practice.
• New chapters covering Diagnosis of Infections and Epidemiology and Prevention & Management of Infections.
• Integrated full-colour illustrations and clinical images.
• A self-assessment section to test understanding.

Whether you need to develop your knowledge for clinical practice, or refresh that knowledge in the run up to examinations, Medical Microbiology and Infection Lecture Notes will help foster a systematic approach to the clinical situation for all medical students and hospital doctors.

Contents 

Basic microbiology

• 1 Basic bacteriology
• 2 Classification of bacteria
• 3 Staphylococci
• 4 Streptococci and enterococcci
• 5 Clostridia
• 6 Other Gram-positive bacteria
• 7 Gram-negative cocci
• 8 Enterobacteriaceae
• 9 Haemophilus and other fastidious Gram-negative bacteria
• 10 Pseudomonas Legionella and other environmental Gram-negative bacilli
• 11 Campylobacter Helicobacter and Vibrio
• 12 Treponema Borrelia and Leptospira
• 13 Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria
• 14 Chlamydiaceae Rickettsia Coxiella Mycoplasmataceae and Anaplasmataceae
• 15 Basic virology
• 16 Major virus groups
• 17 Basic mycology and classification of fungi
• 18 Parasitology: protozoa
• 19 Parasitology: helminths

Antimicrobial agents

• 20 Antibacterial agents
• 21 Antifungal agents
• 22 Antiviral agents

Infection

• 23 Diagnostic laboratory methods
• 24 Epidemiology and prevention of infection
• 25 Upper respiratory tract infections
• 26 Lower respiratory tract infections
• 27 Tuberculosis and mycobacteria
• 28 Gastrointestinal infections
• 29 Liver and biliary tract infections
• 30 Urinary tract infections
• 31 Genital infections
• 32 Infections of the central nervous system
• 33 Bacteraemia and bloodstream infections
• 34 Device-related infections
• 35 Cardiovascular infections
• 36 Bone and joint infections
• 37 Skin and soft-tissue infections
• 38 Infections in the compromised host
• 39 Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria
• 40 Perinatal and congenital infections
• 41 Human immunodeficiency virus
• 42 Miscellaneous viral infections

Self-assessment

• Self-assessment questions
• Answers to self-assessment questions

General subject index
Organism index

About the Author

• Tom Elliott is Consultant Medical Microbiologist at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
• Anna Casey is Clinical Research Scientist in the Department of Clinical Microbiology at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
• Peter Lambert is Professor of Microbiology in the School of Life and Health Sciences at Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
• Jonathan Sandoe is Consultant Microbiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer in the Department of Microbiology at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Book Details

• Paperback: 328 pages
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 5 edition (November 22, 2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1444334654
• ISBN-13: 978-1444334654
• Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.6 x 0.6 inches

List Price: $44.95 

 

Lecture Notes: Biomedical Science

This brand new Lecture Notes title provides the core biomedical science study and revision material that medical students need to know.

• 1 Cell biology.
• 2 Molecular biology and genetics.
• 3 Biochemistry.
• 4 Physiology.
• 5 Pharmacology.
• 6 Cardiovascular system.
• 7 Respiratory system.
• 8 Gastrointestinal system.
• 9 Urinary system.
• 10 Endocrinology.
• 11 Integrative physiology.
• 12 Reproduction. 
• 13 Embryology.
• 14 Anatomy / musculoskeletal system.
• 15 Immunology.
• 16 Microbiology.
• 17 Neuroscience.
• 18 Medical statistics.
• Index.

Matching the common systems-based approach taken by the majority of medical schools, it provides concise, student-led content that is rooted in clinical relevance. The book is filled with learning features such as key definitions and key conditions, and is cross-referenced to develop interdisciplinary awareness. Although designed predominantly for medical students, this new Lecture Notes book is also useful for students of dentistry, pharmacology and nursing.

Biomedical Science Lecture Notes provides:

• A brand new title in the award-winning Lecture Notes series.
• A concise, full colour study and revision guide.
• A 'one-stop-shop' for the biomedical sciences.
• Clinical relevance and cross referencing to develop interdisciplinary skills.
• Learning features such as key definitions to aid understanding.

Key Features

• Provides the clinical relevance of biomedical science.
• Extensive cross referencing.
• Written by students for students, and reviewed by students in all UK medical schools.

Book Review

"Style - The aim of the author is to provide: ‘A resource of the essential facts, without too much additional detail’. The classic Lecture Notes format of short prose and bullet points alongside simple diagrams is used. This is achieved well with the addition of useful ‘Definition’ and ‘Clinical’ significance boxes throughout the text which are helpfully colour coded. There is no bulky text and subheadings clearly and logically breakup the information making is easy to digest. Diagrams are simple, colourful and informative. Most chapters come in at a very readable 20 pages long.

The Good - This book provides the essential facts in most of the topics that medical students and future doctors will be expected to be well versed in. Each chapter moves concisely through the appropriate science, highlighting its relevance to clinical practice. The information is well presented and easy to navigate. Diagrams have been intentionally kept simple whilst retaining the most important information as to make them easily reproducible in the exam situation. The diagrams in the anatomy sections of the book are of particular merit, managing to be both simple yet information rich. The addition of a chapter on statistics is a nice and highly appropriate addition to this, and indeed any, medical sciences text.

The Bad - Although very readable, in my opinion, this book is found a little wanting on content. When compared to texts of a similar ilk such as the Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences, which also has the advantage of being more compact, this becomes apparent. Common to other texts in the Lecture Notes series, the style can be somewhat uninspiring in places. Although aiming at essential facts I think this book would benefit from slightly more detail in some areas, more as a facilitator in the understanding of the basics, even if it is not retained by the reader.

Personal Recommendation - This book follows in the footsteps of others that attempt to condense the medical undergraduate course into a single book – something that it achieves well given its primary aim of providing a text of essential facts. If you are a clinical student looking to touch up on only the undergraduate essentials in a particular area then this is the book for you. On the other hand if you aspire to more than just the basics then investing in a larger combined physiology and anatomy text may be required for the broader picture to be seen." - by Nicholas Sunderland, 5th Year Medical Student, Oxford University Medical School Gazette -

Product Details

• Paperback: 560 pages
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell; 1 edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1405157119
• ISBN-13: 978-1405157117
• Product Dimensions: 6.7 x 1.1 x 9.7 inches

List Price: $54.95 

 

Woolley: A Guide to Practical Toxicology: Evaluation, Prediction and Risk 2nd Edition

The first edition of this book arose out of my perception that there is a large amount of toxicology lore that is widely accepted as fact and used in toxicological reports, but is not supported by easily accessible references. I also felt that there was a need for a practical, user-friendly introductory text for those coming to toxicology from related fields or professions, and who need some insight into how toxicity studies and investigations are carried out. I thought that the book should be informative but readable and should also act as a gateway to the subject, indicating where further information can be found, including the use of websites for literature searches and other areas, such as regulations and guidelines.

The book is set out as a guide on how to evaluate toxicity and then how to handle and use the data that are generated. After an introduction to the concepts of toxicology, the book takes the reader through the processes of toxicity testing and interpretation before looking at the concepts of hazard prediction and risk assessment and management. Two final chapters look at the evaluation of different chemical classes and at the future of toxicity testing and risk assessment. The audience for this book includes, new graduates starting careers in toxicology, those coming to the subject from different fields, and specialists in particular areas of toxicology who need some background on the other areas.

It is inevitable that as soon as a book hits the shelves (or screens), it will go out-of-date and the pressures of wanting to be up-to-date must be balanced against those to finish the manuscript on time. Suffice it to say that I was aware that the first edition lacked some areas that needed to be addressed, such as safety pharmacology, and would certainly need to be updated if ever a second edition became necessary. Accordingly, this new edition includes two entirely new chapters, one on safety pharmacology and one on the evaluation of different chemical classes. The chapter on alternatives has been completely rewritten and all the others have been reviewed and revised to a greater or lesser extent. The glossary has been expanded slightly and the index has been improved.

I acknowledge that there was some bias toward pharmaceuticals in the first edition in the treatment of the various subject areas. As I am largely a pharmaceutical toxicologist, this bias is still present to some extent; but I have attempted to write the book such that toxicologists in all areas of chemical evaluation may benefit from it. The basic principles of toxicology are common to all areas, whether you are evaluating pharmaceuticals or industrial chemicals. The main differences are in the regulatory guidelines addressed and in the philosophy required in each area; these differences are addressed in the new chapter on different chemical classes.

Throughout the book, words like “may,” “could,” and “however” appear frequently; this is tacit recognition that there are few certainties in life beyond the single gold standard that wherever a statement is made there will be someone to disagree with it. As with any walk of life, if a situation is seen as black and white, it simply means that the intervening shades of grey have not been discovered or are not understood. This is particularly true for any aspect or judgment or interpretation; differing opinions between toxicologists, especially toxicological pathologists, can be extremely frustrating for anyone needing a definitive answer to a question of safety. Getting a decision wrong in toxicology can be associated with far reaching adverse effects and with consequent litigation or (politically far worse) loss of votes. For this reason, toxicologists (especially those in regulatory agencies) tend to be conservative in their opinions; this is not necessarily a bad thing. However, conservatism is made more likely by poor, incomplete, or poorly understood data or results, which may lead to imposition of inappropriately restrictive exposure limits.

As I said in the preface to the first edition, the vastness of the subject means that this book cannot hope to be detailed or complete, for reasons of brevity and time. In view of this, the intention is to provide a basis of knowledge—a series of pointers—which can be expanded through use of the bibliography and references given. There are many different ways of achieving an objective in toxicological study and evaluation, and this book cannot pretend to address them all or to be absolutely definitive in any one area. Toxicologists are known for their differences in opinions and I am (still) just another opinionated toxicologist.

Toxicology is a dynamic subject with unique relevance to the public and, as a result, places heavy responsibility on the people who practice it, those who register or accredit toxicologists, and those who regulate or manage it. The future of toxicology is assured; the means of its future investigation is changing and it behoves us to think about what we are doing or what we are asking toxicologists to do (or, more importantly, not to do). As toxicologists, we should do nothing without thought, without considering the impact of our actions on the animals we use, on the public, or a host of other stakeholders. In many ways, if I cause the reader to think more about toxicology and its importance and impact on this world, I will have achieved one of my unwritten objectives.

- The Author -

 

Contents
1. Introduction to Toxicology: The Necessity of Measurement

• Introduction
• The Beginnings of Toxicological Measurement
• Toxicology and Toxicity Defined
• It is Natural So It Must be Safe - Everyday Toxicological Conundrums
• Natural Medicines and Poisons
• General Objectives of Toxicological Study
• Nature and Outcome of Toxic Reactions
• Cellular Basis and Consequences of Toxic Change
• Expression of Toxicity
• Target Organ Expression of Toxicity
• The Necessity for Toxicological Assessment
• Ethics of Toxicological Assessment
• The Three Rs: Reduce, Refine, and Replace

2. Normality: Definition and Maintenance

• Introduction
• What is Normality?
• Normality as a Range
• Experimental Normality
• Protocol Design and Procedure as Sources of Abnormality
• Control Groups as Normality
• Establishing and Maintaining Normality in Experimental Groups
• Baseline Data and Historical Controls

3. Determination of Toxicity: The Basic Principles

• Circumstances of Toxicity Testing
• Effects Sought in Toxicity Studies
• Basic Principles of Toxicological Investigation
• Toxicokinetic Design
• Regulatory Framework and Influences
• Regulation of Study Conduct - Good Laboratory Practice

4. Determination of Toxicity: In Vitro and Alternatives

• Introduction
• Rationale for In Vitro Toxicology
• How and When to Use In Vitro or Alternative Techniques
• Considerations in Screening Program Design
• Areas of Use of In Vitro Toxicology
• Considerations in the Development of In Vitro Tests
• Validation of In Vitro Methods
• Test Systems and Endpoints
• Toxicity in Silico
• Computer Prediction Systems
• Target Organ Toxicity
• Functional Toxicity Testing
• Pharmacology and Safety Pharmacology In Vitro
• Metabolism
• Kinetics
• Toxicity Testing
• Carcinogenicity
• Reproductive Toxicity
• Irritation and Corrosion
• Phototoxicity
• Ecotoxicology
• Pitfalls in In Vitro Toxicology
• Future Utility
• Overview

5. Safety Pharmacology

• Introduction
• General Principles
• Tests to be Conducted
• What to Test?
• Design
• Test Systems for Safety Pharmacology
• Safety Pharmacology in Toxicity Studies
• Tests and Their Conduct
• Pitfalls of Safety Pharmacology Studies
• Overview

6. Determination: General and Reproductive Toxicology

• General Toxicology
• Test Systems for General Toxicology
• Study Designs in General Toxicology
• Examinations for Specific Toxicities
• Pitfalls in General Toxicology
• Reproductive Toxicology
• Study Designs for Reproductive Toxicology
• Pitfalls in Reproductive Toxicology

7. Determination: Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity

• Genotoxicity
• Carcinogenicity
• Pitfalls in Carcinogenicity Studies

8. Determination: Dermal Toxicity - Sensitization, Irritation, and Corrosion

• Introduction
• General Principles of Dermal Toxicology
• Factors in Dermal Toxicity
• Test Systems
• Study Design and Parameters Measured
• Sensitization
• Pitfalls in Irritation and Sensitization

9. Determination: Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

• Introduction
• Relevance of Environmental Assessment to Chemical Development
• General Principles of Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
• Pollution, Routes of Entry, and Environmental ADME
• Factors in Testing for Environmental Effect
• Test Systems and Study Types for Ecotoxicology
• Environmental Assessment of Agrochemicals
• Environmental Assessment of Pharmaceuticals
• Pitfalls in Environmental Toxicology

10. Interpretation: Basic Principles

• Introduction
• Steps in Interpretation
• Use of Background Data in Interpretation
• Statistics and Significance in Toxicology
• Assessing Exposure
• The Reality of Difference - The Interpretation of Small Differences
• The Reproducibility of Difference
• Overview of Interpretation

11. Interpretation: Different Data Types

• Individual Data Sets
• Safety Pharmacology
• General Toxicology
• Morphological Pathology
• Reproductive Toxicology
• Genotoxicity
• Carcinogenicity
• Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
• Case Studies
• The Fundamentals of Interpretation

12. Prediction of Hazard

• Introduction
• Principles of Prediction
• Steps in the Prediction Process
• Factors for Consideration in Prediction
• Prediction from Minimal Databases
• Computer Models for Toxicity Prediction
• Prediction for Individuals
• Prediction Summary

13. Background to Risk Due to Toxicity

• Introduction
• Overview of Risk Analysis
• Levels of Risk and Factors That Affect Risk
• Summary

14. Risk Assessment in Practice and Setting Exposure Limits

• Introduction
• Risk Assessment as a Process
• Data Quality
• Data Selection for Risk Assessment
• Single Effect Versus General Risk Assessment
• Tools and Models in Risk Assessment
• Target Population, Dose, and Exposure
• Process and Factors in Risk Assessment
• Setting Safety Factors and Margins
• Exposure Limits
• Dose Level Selection for Starting Risk Assessment
• Setting Exposure Limits
• Summary

15. Risk Assessment and Management in theWorkplace

• Introduction
• The Historical and Regulatory Background
• Classification and Exposure Limits
• Factors in Workplace Risk Assessment
• Workplace Risk Assessment
• Workplace Exposure Assessment
• Risk Management in the Workplace
• Overview

16. Risk Assessment: Carcinogenicity, The Environment, Evolution, and Overview of Risk Assessment

• Introduction
• Notes on Risk Assessment and Carcinogenicity
• Notes on Risk Assessment and The Environment
• International Management of Environmental Risks
• The Evolution of Risk Assessment
• Overview of Risk Assessment

17. Evaluation of Specific Classes of Chemical

• Regulatory Influences
• The Basic Toxicity Test Package
• Human Pharmaceuticals
• Veterinary Pharmaceuticals
• Medical Devices
• Agrochemicals/Plant Protection Products
• Biocides
• Cosmetics
• General and Industrial Chemicals—Reach
• Overview

18. The Future of Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment

• Introduction
• Challenges for Toxicology
• Challenge for Risk Assessment and Management
• Influences on Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment
• Utility of Animal Experiments in Risk Assessment
• Development of New Test Methods and Models
• In Vitro Toxicology and the Future
• Toxicology in Silico
• The Future of Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment

Appendix: Useful Websites

Bibliography

Select Glossary

Index

About the Author

ADAM WOOLLEY is Director and Consultant Toxicologist, ForthTox Limited, Linlithgow, UK. He received his M.Sc. in Biochemistry from London University, London, UK. Mr. Woolley is a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists, London, UK, where he is an examiner in toxicology and is also a board member and Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology. He is an Honorary Consultant at the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Manchester University, Manchester and is a member of the British Toxicology Society and US Society of Toxicology. With over thirty five years of experience, including eighteen years in contract research and nine years in the pharmaceutical industry, Mr. Woolley is an expert in pharmaceutical development, including proteins and gene therapy agents, agrochemicals, human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. He has conducted numerous toxicity studies, reviewed reports, and data packages, and is the author of the First Edition of Informa Healthcare’s A Guide to Practical Toxicology: Evaluation, Prediction, and Risk.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 472 pages
• Publisher: CRC; 2 edition (July 26, 2008)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1420043145
• ISBN-13: 978-1420043143
• Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.2 x 1.1 inches

List Price: $69.95 

 

Rinzler: Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies 2nd Edition

Controlling Cholesterol For Dummies, 2nd Edition, doesn’t ask you to turn yourself into an anti-cholesterol fanatic — the kind of annoying person who sneers at other people’s dinner choices while acting superior about his own. (Actually, sneering and acting superior at the same time is a neat trick if you can do it. Just don’t try it on your friends at dinner.)

The goal with this book is to lay out the reasons why it makes sense to control your cholesterol and then present reasonable and moderate strategies to help you reach your goal.

Some of the information, like how to translate the cholesterol numbers you get on your annual physical, is simple. Other stuff, such as guidelines you can use to determine whether you’re a candidate for a heart attack — or for cholesterol-lowering medication — is more complex.

Throughout this book, the emphasis is on the idea that (here comes another catchy slogan) “Knowledge is power.” In this case, it’s the power to lower your cholesterol and reduce your risk of heart attack.

Contents at a Glance

• Introduction

Part I: Getting Up Close and Personal with Cholesterol

• Chapter 1: Mapping the Heart Land
• Chapter 2: Comparing Cholesterol’s Risks and Benefits
• Chapter 3: Rating Your Cholesterol-Related Risk

Part II: Eating Your Way to Lower Cholesterol

• Chapter 4: Writing Rules for a Cholesterol-Lowering Diet
• Chapter 5: Building a Cholesterol-Lowering Diet
• Chapter 6: Pinning Down the “How-To’s” For a Cholesterol-Lowering Diet

Part III: Leading a Cholesterol-Lowering Lifestyle

• Chapter 7: Weighing Weight’s Weight on Cholesterol
• Chapter 8: Exercising Options to Control Your Cholesterol
• Chapter 9: Weeding Out Tobacco’s Role in High Cholesterol
• Chapter 10: The Grape, the Grains, and Your Cholesterol

Part IV: Cutting Cholesterol with Nutrients and Medicine

• Chapter 11: Vitamins, Minerals, and Other Good Stuff
• Chapter 12: Prescribing Lower Cholesterol
• Chapter 13: Identifying Meds That Raise Cholesterol
• Chapter 14: Mouth-Watering Morsels for Special Occasions

Part V: The Part of Tens

• Chapter 15: Ten Clicks to Reliable Cholesterol Information
• Chapter 16: Ten Nutrition Web Sites
• Chapter 17: Ten Cholesterol  Myths
• Chapter 18: Ten (Okay, Eleven) “Eureka!” Cholesterol Moments

Appendix: Calories and Other Nutrients in Food

Index

About the Author

• Carol Ann Rinzler is the author of Nutrition For Dummies, now in its 4th edition, as well as Heartburn and Reflux For Dummies, and more than 20 other books on food and health. A former nutrition columnist for the New York Daily News, Carol lives in New York with her husband Perry Luntz, author of Whiskey and Spirits For Dummies, and their amiable cat, Katy.

Product Details

• Paperback: 360 pages 
• Publisher: For Dummies; 2 edition (April 28, 2008) 
• Language: English 
• ISBN-10: 0470227591 
• ISBN-13: 978-0470227596 
• Product Dimensions: 7.3 x 0.8 x 9 inches 

List Price: $21.99 

 

Levine: Topics in Dental Biochemistry

Over the last 30 years, the development of molecular biology has revolutionized our understanding of the biochemistry underlying biology and medicine. As yet, there is no introductory text that relates this revolution to topics of major interest to dentistry. Because of increasing demands to make biochemistry useful by translating its findings into better treatments for problems in medicine, the dental field needs a similar textbook. The primary aim of this book is to integrate general biochemistry into topics that specifically pertain to dental health and disease. First and second year dental students have completed a general biochemistry course, but have, at best, a sketchy idea of how the material in that course relates to dentistry. In a traditional dental curriculum, the topics of this book are covered in physiology, nutrition, anatomy, histology, microbiology or immunology. This book was written to enable dental students to integrate their general biochemistry within these topics of dental interest. It was considered neither desirable nor practical to fill the text with references, except for the figures and tables.

The formal discipline of dentistry was initially developed in the late 19th century to treat dental caries, but it quickly spread to treat all diseases that affect the oral cavity. Dental treatments have progressed enormously over the last 40 years, as have treatments for many other diseases. The most powerful new dental treatments have come from water fluoridation, better oral hygiene measures, new mechanical or replacement materials, and the adoption of drugs developed for non-dental diseases. Nevertheless, these measures are not universally effective and improvements can be made in many areas.

The most widespread and commonly treated dental diseases, dental caries and periodontal disease, are chronic conditions caused by interactions between the host and oral bacteria that are still only partially understood in detail. A second aim of this book is therefore to point out the current knowledge for a future generation to build upon. While The descriptions of dental caries and fluoride are pretty standard, describing a modern and coherent view of periodontal disease was a problem.

Contents

1 Necessary Basics: Elements, Isotopes, Ions, Chemical Reactions, Energy Metabolism, and Bacterial Structures

1.1.1. Atomic Structure: Elements and Isotopes

1.1.2. Isotopes Date Paleontology Samples Such as Teeth

1.1.3. Isotopes Indicate Ancient Life Forms and Climate Changes

1.1.4. The Elements in Biology

1.1.5. Fluorides

1.2.1. Chemical Bonds

1.2.2. Electrostatic Bonds (Ions)

1.2.3. Covalent Bonds

1.2.4. Polarized Covalent Bonds

1.2.5. Hydrophobic Bonds

1.3.1. Mechanisms of Energy Production: Respiration and Fermentation

1.3.2. The Oral Microbiota, Dental Caries, and Periodontal Disease

1.4.1. Bacterial Cell Structures

1.4.2. Outer Surface of Bacteria

2 Photosynthesis and Sucrose Production

2.1.1. Role of Photosynthesis in Living Organisms

2.1.2. The Light Reaction

2.2.1. The Dark Reaction

2.2.2. Starch and Sucrose Provide the Carbon Skeletons of All Plant Compounds

2.2.3. Plants Are Autotrophs

2.3.1. Sucrose Is the Primary Transport Sugar and Plays a Central Role in Plant Growth and Development

3 The Connective Tissue Extracellular Matrix and Its Major Components

3.1.1. Major Components of the Connective Tissue (Stromal) Matrix

3.1.2. Collagen

3.1.3. Elastic Fiber System

3.1.4. Glycosaminoglycans

3.1.5. Teeth, Alveolar Bone, and Periodontium

3.2.1. Cell Surface Binding: Integrins, Fibronectin, and Collagen

3.2.2. Thrombospondins

3.3.1. Stromal Nutrition

3.3.2. Stromal Turnover, Inflammation, and Bone Loss

4 Fibrillar and Non-fibrillar Collagens and Integrins

4.2.1. Collagen Fiber Formation

4.2.2. Fiber Cross-Linking: Formation of b- and g-Tropocollagen

4.3.1. The Collagen Superfamily

4.3.2. Fiber-Modifying Non-fibrillar Collagens

4.3.3. General Structure of Non-fibrous Collagens

4.3.4. Beaded Collagen Filaments

4.4.1. Integrin Signaling

5 Basal Laminas and Epithelia

5.1.1. Basal Lamina

5.1.2. Hemidesmosomes and Intermediate Filament Proteins

5.1.3. Basal Lamina of the Dental Epithelial Attachment

5.2.1. General Structure of Skin, Oral and Junctional Epithelia

5.2.2. Protein Composition of Desmosomes

5.2.3. Oral and Junctional Epithelium

6 Elastic Fibers and Proteoglycans

6.1.1. Fibrillin

6.2.1. Elastin

6.3.1. Glycosaminoglycans

6.4.1. Proteo-Glycosaminoglycan Core Proteins and Cartilage Collagens

6.5.1. Major Collagen–Glycosaminoglycan Interactions

7 Collagen Synthesis, Genetic Diseases, and Scurvy

7.2.1. Effects of Collagen Polypeptide Mutations

7.2.2. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

7.3.1. Ascorbate and Antioxidants

8 The Zincins: Collagen Fiber Processing and Degradation

8.1.1. The Zincin Enzyme Family

8.1.2. Catalytic Action of the Metzincin Family

8.1.3. Metzincin Activation

8.2.1. Fibrillar Procollagen Processing

8.3.1. Matrilysins: Degradation of Collagen and Stromal Proteins

8.3.2. Stromelysins

8.3.3. Enamelysin

8.3.4. Collagenases and Gelatinases

9 Biological Mineralization

9.1.1. Fundamental Properties of Calcium Phosphate Precipitation

9.1.2. Nature of the Apatite Precipitate

9.1.3. Apatite Crystal Substitutions Influence Bone Strength and Solubility

9.1.4. Nucleation

9.2.1. The Structures of Bone, Dentin, and Cementum

9.2.2. Two Mechanisms of Mineralization

9.3.1. Secretion of Osteoid Matrix

9.3.2. Osteoclast Transport of Calcium and Phosphate Ions to Matrix Vesicles

9.3.3. Calcium and Phosphate Ions Precipitate and Rupture Secreted Matrix Vesicles

9.3.4. Structure of the Calcium Transporter Proteins in Matrix Vesicles

9.3.5. The Phosphate Transporter Proteins and Pyrophosphate in Matrix Vesicles

9.4.1. SIBLING Proteins, Phex Gene Function, and Hypophosphatemia

9.4.2. Osteocalcin Is Required for Bone Modeling

9.5.1. Enamel Organ and Matrix Development

9.5.2. Proteins Involved in Enamel Synthesis

9.5.3. Proposed Mechanism of Enamel Synthesis

9.6.1. Summary of Ways in Which Enamel and Bone Differ

9.6.2. Summary of the Vitamins for Bone and Enamel Formation

10 Bone Remodeling and Calcium Metabolism

10.1.2. Proteolysis in the Bone Resorbing Compartment

10.1.3. Demineralization and remineralization

10.1.4. Osteoclast Ion and Proton Transport

10.2.1. Osteoclast Differentiation

10.2.2. Osteoclasts and Inflammation

10.2.3. Osteoporosis: Major Causes and Therapies

10.3.1. Calcium Metabolism, Parathyroid Hormone, and Calcitriol

10.4.1. Vitamin D, Calcitriol, and Calbindins

10.4.2. Rickets and Osteomalacia

10.5.1. Actions of Calcitonin

10.5.2. Calcitonin and PTH Therapy for Osteoporosis

11 Blood Coagulation

11.1.1. The Vascular System

11.1.2. Bleeding and Blood Clotting Problems

11.2.1. Blood Vessel Injury, von Willebrand Factor, and Platelets

11.2.2. The Gamma- (g-) Carboxyglutamate (gla) Domain: A Calcium Ion Chelator

11.3.1. The Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and Common Coagulation Pathways

11.3.2. The Extrinsic Pathway

11.3.3. The Intrinsic Pathway

11.3.4. The Common Pathway

11.3.5. The Hemophiliac (Excessive Bleeding Diseases)

11.4.1. The Fibrin Blood Clot: Production and Prevention

11.4.2. Removal of a Blood Clot

11.5.1. Prevention of Unwanted Blood Clotting

11.5.2. Protein S, Factor V and Factor VIII Mutations

11.6.1. Drugs to Remove a Pathogenic Thrombus or Embolus: "Clot Busters"

11.6.2. Drugs That Inhibit Excessive Clot Formation

11.6.3. Drugs That Retard Clot Formation

11.6.4. Drugs That Inhibit Platelet Activation

11.6.5. Drugs That Promote Clotting

11.6.6. Laboratory Tests to Determine the State of the Blood Clotting System

12 Saliva

12.1.1. Cell Biology of Salivary Glands

12.1.2. Whole Saliva: Collection and Composition

12.1.3. Functions of the Salivary Components

12.1.4. Innate and Acquired Immune Proteins in Saliva

12.1.5. Poor Oral Hygiene Adds Bacteria and Host Leukocyte Products to Saliva

12.2.1. Physiology and Biochemistry of Saliva Secretion

12.3.1. Salivary Mucin Composition

12.3.2. Glycan Composition of Salivary Mucins

12.4.1. Mucin Glycans, ABO Antigens, and Forensic Dentistry

12.5.1. Amylase: Substrates, Products, and Mode of Action

12.5.2. Mechanism of Action of Salivary Amylase

12.5.3. Detection of Salivary and Pancreatic Amylase

12.6.1. Proline-Rich Proteins

12.6.2. Salivary Agglutinin

13 Chronic Periodontitis

13.1.1. Detecting Periodontal Disease

13.1.2. Microbiota in Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis

13.1.3. Drugs and Tooth Cleaning to Prevent Gingivitis

13.2.1. Mammalian Cells Recognize Prokaryotic Molecules

13.2.2. PAMPs Induce PRRs to Release Cytokines That Attract Leukocytes

13.2.3. IL-1 Induces Gingival Inflammation

13.2.4. Neutrophils Function in Tissue Destruction

13.2.5. Gingivitis is Reversible; Antiinflammatory Cytokines Mediate Repair

13.3.1. Monocytes Are Converted to Macrophages That Over-Activate Collagenase

13.4.1. Apoptosis in Chronic Periodontitis

13.4.2. Intracellular Induction of Apoptosis

13.4.3. Mechanisms of Apoptosis

13.5.1. Eicosanoids and Periodontal Repair

13.5.2. Eicosanoid Structure

13.5.3. Functions of the Proinflammatory Eicosanoids

13.5.4. Lipoxygenase-Mediated Resolution of Inflammation

13.5.5. Antiinflammatory Drugs

14 Aggressive Periodontitis

14.1.1. Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis

14.2.1. Localized Aggressive Periodontitis

14.2.2. Aa Leukotoxin Composition and Properties

14.2.3. Mutations Enhance Aa Ltx and LAP Severity

14.2.4. Cytolethal Distending Toxin (Cdt)

15 Dental Caries

15.1.2. Sugar, Dental Caries, and the Dental Profession

15.1.3. Sucrose and the Appearance of Acid in Dental Biofilms

15.1.4. Cavities in Animals and Streptococcus mutans

15.2.1. How Sucrose Connects S. mutans to the Oral Microbiota and Dental Caries

15.2.2. Sources of Bacterial Lactic Acid in Caries

15.2.3. Dentinal (Advanced) Dental Caries

15.3.1. Variation in Individual Human Caries Experience

15.3.2. Bacterial Causes of the Variation in Caries Susceptibility

15.3.3. Saliva Causes of Caries Susceptibility

15.3.4. Caries Immunity and Susceptibility

16 Fluoride

16.1.1. Properties of Fluorine and Fluoride

16.1.2. How Mottled Enamel Was Related to Fluoride in the Water Supply

16.1.3. Mottled Enamel Is Moderate to Severe Enamel Fluorosis

16.1.4. Identification of 1 ppm Fluoride in the Water as Optimal for Cavity Protection

16.2.1. Mechanisms of Fluoride Protection from Caries

16.2.2. How Fluoride Protects from Caries

16.3.1. Systemic Effects of Fluoride

16.3.2. Fluoride Toxicity

Index

About the Author

• Martin Levine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 320 pages
• Publisher: Springer; 1st Edition (2011)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 3540881158
• ISBN-13: 978-3540881155
• Product Dimensions: 9.4 x 6.3 x 0.8 inches

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Adverse Drug Interactions: A Handbook for Prescribers

Thirteen years ago, the journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA 1996) reported that 108, 000 Americans died in hospital from adverse drug reactions and 2.2 million Americans had reactions to FDA approved medications. In the UK an estimated 1.6 million bed days are due to in-patient adverse drug reactions and up to 6.5% of new patient admissions may be related to an adverse drug reaction. Recent estimates suggest that adverse drug reactions cost the NHS in England in excess of £637 million annually.

In 2009, in the UK, drugs are increasingly available over the counter and online without prescription. Furthermore, there is widespread use of numerous herbal medicines from relatively under-regulated suppliers and the constituents of such products are often not known. This clinical reality of the widespread use of potent medicines – be they allopathic or traditional – showed us the need for a practical hands-on guide that aims to be a compact, succinct and accessible source of information for practitioners, prescribers and the public about adverse drug interactions.

We are aware that there are numerous sources of information available to prescribers, pharmacists and users about adverse drug interactions and that new drug interactions are reported on a regular basis. This makes it difficult for the busy

practicing health-care professional to keep up with the related literature. We have aimed to produce a user-friendly resource that not only describes the potential interactions themselves, but also gives practical advice about what clinical features to look out for, what to do to try to minimize their occurrence, and what to do if they occur. We aim to produce a source of information that can be used within the time frame of a consultation, to provide some guidance to prescribers, dispensers and users to minimize the risk of a drug interaction occurring.

Thus, this book intends to provide a source of easily accessible and concise information and guidance to busy prescribers, dispensers and users to minimize this avoidable or preventable hazard.

- The Authors -

Contents

• About the authors
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations
• Index of drug names
• Introduction
• Clinical features of some adverse drug interactions
• Part 1 Cardiovascular drugs
• Part 2 Drugs acting on the nervous system
• Part 3 Anticancer and immunomodulating drugs
• Part 4 Anticoagulants
• Part 5 Antidiabetic drugs
• Part 6 Other endocrine drugs
• Part 7 Analgesics
• Part 8 Musculoskeletal drugs
• Part 9 Anaesthetic drugs
• Part 10 Drugs to treat infections
• Part 11 Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal tract
• Part 12 Respiratory drugs
• Part 13 Metabolic drugs
• Part 14 Drugs used in obstetrics and gynaecology
• Part 15 Urological drugs
• Part 16 Drugs of abuse
• Part 17 Miscellaneous
• Part 18 Over-the-counter drugs

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

• Lakshman Karalliedde is currently Visiting Senior Lecturer at the Division of Public Health Sciences, King’s College London School of Medicine, King’s College, London, UK; and Senior Collaborator at the South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. He is also Consultant Medical Toxicologist, Chemical Hazards & Poisons Division (London), Health Protection Agency, UK. Dr Karalliedde was formerly Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Anaesthetist at the United Medical & Dental Schools of Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK; and Medical Toxicologist at Guy’s Poisons Unit and National Poisons Information Service, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
• Simon F. J. Clarke is Consultant Emergency Medicine Physician, Frimley Park NHS Foundation Trust, UK; and Honorary Consultant Medical Toxicologist, Chemical Hazards and Poisons Division (London), Health Protection Agency, UK.
• Ursula Collignon is Senior Pharmacist at Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
• Janaka Karalliedde is Clinical Lecturer in Diabetes and Endocrinology in the Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London School of Medicine, King’s College London, UK. 

 

Product Details 

 

• Paperback: 352 pages
• Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 1 edition (April 12, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0340927690
• ISBN-13: 978-0340927694
• Product Dimensions: 7.8 x 5.1 x 1.3 inches

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Nicholson: Pocket Prescriber 3rd Edition 2010

Contemporary medical practice necessitates a broad knowledge of drug treatments, which are constantly being updated and modified.

This book is small but packed with essential and easily accessible information. Of all the subjects that are in the medical curriculum, pharmacology can sometimes seem especially abstract and theoretical. A quick flick through the pages of this book that are relevant to one’s own speciality is an immediate reminder of the importance of understanding the ways in which the drugs that we routinely prescribe are handled. The clear identification of hazardous side-effects and potential interactions is especially welcome. Finally, the section providing current information and management guidelines for commonly encountered medical emergencies is both clear and comprehensive.

Safe use of the modern therapeutic armamentarium is a daunting task for junior doctors and medical students. Although there has been a large growth in electronic resources and some excellent online textbooks have been produced, there remains a critical need for small reference texts that can be carried at all times and used to check drug doses or potential interactions at the point of prescription. The simple precaution of checking facts in any unfamiliar prescribing situation is likely to prevent mistakes, and exemplifies current emphasis on safe-practice and clinical risk management.

Even the most senior specialist could learn something from this book’s pages and that a comprehensive up-to-date volume such as this is an essential part of any junior doctor’s tool kit, and will prove useful far beyond its target audience.

Contents

• How to use this book
• List of abbreviations
• How to prescribe safely
• Common/useful drugs

Part 1 Drug selection

• Antibiotics
• Hypertension management
• Asthma
• Analgesia
• Palliative care and subcutaneous pumps
• Antiemetics
• Alcohol withdrawal
• Antidepresssants

Part 2 How to prescribe

• Insulin
• Anticoagulants
• Thrombolysis
• Controlled drugs

Part 3 Miscellaneous

• Intravenous fluids
• Steroids
• Sedation/sleeping tablets
• Benzodiazepines
• Side effect profiles
• Cytochrome P450

Part 4 Medical emergencies

• Acute coronary syndromes (ACS)
• Acute LVF
• Accelerated hypertension
• Atrial fibrillation
• Acute asthma
• COPD exacerbation
• Pulmonary embolism
• Acute upper GI haemorrhage
• Sepsis (severe or septic shock)
• Epilepsy
• DKA
• HONK
• Glucose decrease
• Thyrotoxic crisis
• Myxoedema coma
• Addisonian crisis
• Electrolyte disturbances
• Overdoses

Part 5 Reference information

• Coma: GCS
• Cognitive impairment
• Useful formulae
• Common laboratory reference values

Index

About the Authors

• Timothy R.J. Nicholson, MBBS, BSc, MSc, MRCP, MRCPsych, Honorary Specialist Registrar at the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust and Research Fellow, Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
• Ashan Gunarathne, MBBS, MRCP, Specialist Registrar in Cardiovascular Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire and Birmingham NHS Trusts and Honorary Lecturer in Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham and Warwick, UK.
• Donald R.J. Singer, BMedBiol, MD, FRCP, Professor of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK. 

 

 

Product Details

• Paperback: 264 pages
• Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 3rd edition (January 25, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0340985224
• ISBN-13: 978-0340985229
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Antibiotic Resistance Protocols 2nd Edition (Methods in Molecular Biology Vol. 642)

Several years have passed since the first edition of our book, and much has changed in the world of microbiology. The trend of increasing antibiotic resistance has continued with, for example, the emergence of extensively resistant M. tuberculosis. Our understanding of antibiotic resistance biology has increased. Genomic methods have become more accessible allowing antibiotic researchers to probe not only the sequence of antibiotic resistance determinants but also the mechanism whereby they are expressed and regulated. Array methodology has allowed a large number of genes to be studied simultaneously, while real time PCR has allowed detailed dissection of gene expression. We have also begun to understand the importance of biofilms and the physiological state of the organism in permitting organisms to survive in the face of antibiotics and the act of developing resistance.

The molecular revolution has provided the tools that allow us to detect and characterise resistance determinants, and these may be sequence based, nucleic acid amplification methods, or detection of the activity of efflux pumps. The ability of a resistant organism to survive and thrive in the clinical environment is fundamental to the evolution of resistance, and considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the role of fitness in the selection of resistant organisms. This understanding has been aided by an increasing range of physiological characteristics that are tested, and automated methods of testing have improved the reproducibility and robustness of these assays. The need to develop new antibiotic agents means that we have to develop new high throughput methods of evaluating susceptibility. The interaction between bacterial and human populations is an important area of investigation, and we need better techniques to characterise the population genetics of the organisms and better sampling tools to ensure that this data is representative.

The editors have sought to bring together examples of a diverse range of modern techniques applied in antibiotic research, and they hope that you find these useful in planning your own research.

- The Editors -

Contents

Part I Epidemiology and Population Genetics

• 1 The RM Test for Determining Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineages
• 2 Unravelling the Ecology of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in the Nasopharynx

Part II Genomics and Gene Expression

• 3 Methods to Determine Antibiotic Resistance Gene Silencing
• 4 Studying Gene Induction of Glycopeptide Resistance Using Gene Swapping
• 5 Real-Time PCR Methods to Study Expression of Genes Related to Hypermutability
• 6 Use of DNA Arrays to Study Transcriptional Responses to Antimycobacterial Compounds

Part III Fitness Mutation and Physiology

• 7 Assays of Sensitivity of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Hydrogen Peroxide and Measurement of Catalase Activity
• 8 Measurements of Heme Levels and Respiration Rate in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
• 9 Methods to Determine Fitness in Bacteria
• 10 Application of Continuous Culture for Measuring the Effect of Environmental Stress on Mutation Frequency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Part IV Detection of Resistance

• 11 Identification of Efflux-Mediated Multi-drug Resistance in Bacterial Clinical Isolates by Two Simple Methods
• 12 Evaluation of Efflux Activity of Bacteria by a Semi-automated Fluorometric System
• 13 Measuring the Activity of Active Efflux in Gram-Negative Bacteria
• 14 Rapid Characterization of b-Lactamases by Multiplex PCR
• 15 Rapid Methods for Testing Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Growth
• 16 Use of Biofilm Model Systems to Study Antimicrobial Susceptibility
• 17 Rapid Analysis of Resistant Mutant Genotypes Using Pyrosequencing®

Index

About the Editors

• Stephen H. Gillespie, MD, UCL Medical School, London, UK. Email: sgillesp@medsch.ucl.ac.uk
• Timothy D. McHugh, Ph.D, UCL Medical School, London, UK. Email: t.mchugh@medsch.ucl.ac.uk

Product Details

• Hardcover: 248 pages
• Publisher: Humana Press; 2nd ed. edition (April 16, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 160327278X
• ISBN-13: 978-1603272780
• Product Dimensions: 9.9 x 7.1 x 0.8 inches

List Price: $119.00 

 

Hodgson: A Textbook of Modern Toxicology 4th Edition

There are some excellent general reference works in toxicology, including Casarett and Doull's Toxicology, 6th edition, edited by Curt Klaassen, and the 13 - volume Comprehensive Toxicology, the second edition currently being edited by Charlene McQueen, as well as many specialized monographs on particular topics. However, the scarcity of textbooks designed for teacher and student to use in the classroom setting that impelled us to produce editions 1 through 3 of this work is still apparent and the choice continues to be limited. The authors are, or have been, involved in teaching general toxicology at North Carolina State University and thus have insights into the actual teaching process and in the broader scope of toxicology as well as the subject matter of their areas of specialization.

Rapid advances are occurring in toxicology, particularly in the molecular and integrative aspects, and we hope these are refl ected in this textbook. As an aid to students and teaching faculty, we have added sample questions to each chapter. Answering these questions not only indicates that the material presented has been understood but is, in itself, a learning experience.

At North Carolina State University, we continue to teach a course in general toxicology (TOX801) that is open to graduate students and undergraduate upperclassmen. Our experience leads us to believe that this textbook is suitable, in the junior or senior year, for undergraduate students with some background in chemistry, biochemistry, and animal physiology. For graduate students, it is intended to lay the foundation for subsequent specialized courses in toxicology, such as those in biochemical and molecular toxicology, environmental toxicology, chemical carcinogenesis, risk assessment, and so forth.

We share the view that an introductory text must present all of the necessary fundamental information to fulfill this purpose, but in as uncomplicated a manner as possible. To enhance readability, references have been omitted from the text, although Suggested Reading or Bibliography is recommended at the end of each chapter.

As with previous editions, the amount of material and the detail with which some of it is presented, is more than is needed for the average general toxicology course. This, however, will permit each instructor to select and emphasize those areas they feel need particular emphasis. The obvious biochemical and molecular bias of some chapters is not accidental; rather, it is based on the philosophy that progress in toxicology continues to depend on further understanding of the fundamental basis of toxic action at the cellular and molecular levels. The depth of coverage of each topic represents that chapter author's judgment of the amount of material appropriate to the beginning level as compared to that appropriate to a more advanced course or text such as Smart and Hodgson, Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, 4th edition (John Wiley and Sons, 2008).

- The Authors -

Key Features

• Adds chapters on new approaches to toxicology: molecular methods (-omics: toxicogenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), bioinformatics, and systems biology.
• Now featured in the Fourth Edition are end-of-chapter questions.
• Provides a very thorough, concise and up-to-date summary of the most important topics within the toxicology field.
• Presents the interdisciplinary nature of toxicological studies.
• Continues from prior editions with coverage of basic concepts in toxicology and adds chapters on molecular methods (-omics: toxicogenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), bioinformatics, and systems biology.
• Includes end-of-chapter questions.
• Online Solutions Manual available for academic adopters.
• Does not require an extensive background in anatomy and physiology.

Contents

PART I Introduction.

1 Introduction to Toxicology (Ernest Hodgson).

• 1.1 Definition and Scope.
• 1.2 Relationship to Other Sciences.
• 1.3 A Brief History of Toxicology.
• 1.4 Dose-Response Relationships.
• 1.5 Sources of Toxic Compounds.
• 1.6 Movement of Toxicants in the Environment.

2 Introduction to Biochemical and Molecular Methods in Toxicology (Ernest Hodgson, Gerald A. LeBlanc, Sharon A. Meyer and Robert C. Smart).

• 2.1 Introduction.
• 2.2 Cell Culture Techniques.
• 2.3 Molecular Techniques.
• 2.4 Immunochemical Techniques.
• 2.5 Proteomics.
• 2.6 Metabolomics.
• 2.7 Bioinformatics.
• 2.8 Summary and Conclusions.

PART II Classes of Toxicants.

3 Exposure Classes, Toxicants in Air, Water, Soil, Domestic and Occupational Settings (W. Gregory Cope).

• 3.1 Air Pollutants.
• 3.2 Water and Soil Pollutants.
• 3.3 Occupational Toxicants.

4 Classes of Toxicants: Use Classes (W. Gregory Cope and Ernest Hodgson).

• 4.1 Introduction.
• 4.2 Metals.
• 4.3 Agricultural Chemicals (Pesticides).
• 4.4 Food Additives and Contaminants.
• 4.5 Toxins.
• 4.6 Solvents.
• 4.7 Therapeutic Drugs.
• 4.8 Drugs of Abuse.
• 4.9 Combustion Products.
• 4.10 Cosmetics.

PART III Toxicant Processing In Vivo.

5 Absorption and Distribution of Toxicants (Ronald E. Baynes and Ernest Hodgson).

• 5.1 Introduction.
• 5.2 Cell Membranes.
• 5.3 Mechanisms of Transport.
• 5.4 Physicochemical Properties Relevant to Diffusion.
• 5.5 Routes of Absorption.
• 5.6 Toxicant Distribution.
• 5.7 Toxicokinetics.

6 Metabolism of Toxicants (Ernest Hodgson and Randy L. Rose).

• 6.1 Introduction.
• 6.2 Phase I Reactions.
• 6.3 Phase II Reactions.

7 Reactive Metabolites (Ernest Hodgson and Randy L. Rose).

• 7.1 Introduction.
• 7.2 Activation Enzymes.
• 7.3 Nature and Stability of Reactive Metabolites.
• 7.4 Fate of Reactive Metabolites.
• 7.5 Factors Affecting Toxicity of Reactive Metabolites.
• 7.6 Reactive Oxygen Species.
• 7.7 Examples of Activating Reactions.
• 7.8 Summary and Conclusions.

8 Chemical and Physiological Influences on Xenobiotic Metabolism (Andrew D. Wallace and Ernest Hodgson).

• 8.1 Introduction.
• 8.2 Nutritional Effects.
• 8.3 Physiological Effects.
• 8.4 Comparative and Genetic Effects.
• 8.5 Chemical Effects.
• 8.6 Environmental Effects.
• 8.7 Summary and Conclusions.

9 Elimination of Toxicants (Gerald A. LeBlanc).

• 9.1 Introduction.
• 9.2 Transport.
• 9.3 Renal Elimination.
• 9.4 Hepatic Elimination.
• 9.5 Respiratory Elimination.
• 9.6 Conclusion.

PART IV Toxic Action.

10 Acute Toxicity (Gerald A. LeBlanc).

• 10.1 Introduction.
• 10.2 Acute Exposure and Effect.
• 10.3 Dose-Response Relationships.
• 10.4 Non-Conventional Dose–Response Relationships.
• 10.5 Alternative Methods.
• 10.6 Mechanisms of Acute Toxicity.

11 Chemical Carcinogenesis (Robert C. Smart).

• 11.1 DNA Damage and Mutagenesis.
• 11.2 General Aspects of Cancer.
• 11.3 Human Cancer.
• 11.4 Classes of Agents That Are Associated with Carcinogenesis.
• 11.5 General Aspects of Chemical Carcinogenesis.
• 11.6 Oncogenes.
• 11.7 Tumor Suppressor Genes.

12 Teratogenesis (Jill A. Barnes and Ida M. Washington).

• 12.1 Introduction.
• 12.2 Overview of Embryonic Development.
• 12.3 Principles of Teratogenesis.
• 12.4 Mechanisms of Teratogenesis.
• 12.5 Future Considerations.

PART V Organ Toxicity.

13 Hepatotoxicity (Andrew D. Wallace and Sharon A. Meyer).

• 13.1 Introduction.
• 13.2 Susceptibility of the Liver.
• 13.3 Types of Liver Injury.
• 13.4 Mechanisms of Hepatotoxicity.
• 13.5 Examples of Hepatotoxicants.
• 13.6 Metabolic Activation of Hepatotoxicants.

14 Nephrotoxicity (Joan B. Tarloff and Andrew D. Wallace).

• 14.1 Introduction.
• 14.2 Factors Contributing to Nephrotoxicity.
• 14.3 Examples of Nephrotoxicants.
• 14.4 Summary.

15 Toxicology of the Nervous System (Bonita L. Blake).

• 15.1 Introduction.
• 15.2 The Nervous System.
• 15.3 Toxicant Effects on the Nervous System.
• 15.4 Neurotoxicity Testing.
• 15.5 Summary.

16 Reproductive System (Heather Patisaul).

• 16.1 Introduction.
• 16.2 The-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis.
• 16.3 Male Reproductive Physiology.
• 16.4 Disruption of Male Reproduction by Toxicants.
• 16.5 Female Reproductive Physiology.
• 16.6 Disruption of Female Reproduction by Toxicants.
• 16.7 Summary.

17 Endocrine Toxicology (Gerald A. LeBlanc).

• 17.1 Introduction.
• 17.2 Endocrine System.
• 17.3 Endocrine Disruption.
• 17.4 Incidents of Endocrine Toxicity.
• 17.5 Conclusion.

18 Respiratory Toxicity (James C. Bonner).

• 18.1 Introduction.
• 18.2 Anatomy and Function of the Respiratory Tract.
• 18.3 Toxicant-Induced Lung Injury, Remodeling and Repair.
• 18.4 Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases.

19 Immune System (MaryJane K. Selgrade).

• 19.1 Introduction.
• 19.2 The Immune System.
• 19.3 Immune Suppression.
• 19.4 Classification of Immune-Mediated Injury (Hypersensitivity).
• 19.5 Effects of Chemicals on Allergic Disease.
• 19.6 Other Issues: Autoimmunity, and the Developing Immune System.

PART VI Applied Toxicology.

20 Toxicity Testing (Ernest Hodgson and Helen Cunny).

• 20.1 Introduction.
• 20.2 Experimental Administration of Toxicants.
• 20.3 Chemical and Physical Properties.
• 20.4 Exposure and Environmental Fate.
• 20.5 In Vivo Tests.
• 20.6 In Vitro and Other Short-Term Tests.
• 20.7 Ecological Effects.
• 20.8 Risk Analysis.
• 20.9 The Future of Toxicity Testing.

21 Forensic and Clinical Toxicology (Sharon A. Meyer and Bonita L. Blake).

• 21.1 Introduction.
• 21.2 Forensic Toxicology.
• 21.3 Clinical Toxicology.
• 21.4 Analytical Methods in Forensic and Clinical Toxicology.

22 Prevention of Toxicity (Ernest Hodgson).

• 22.1 Introduction.
• 22.2 Legislation and Regulation.
• 22.3 Prevention in Different Environments.
• 22.4 Education.

23 Human Health Risk Assessment (Ronald E. Baynes).

• 23.1 Introduction.
• 23.2 Risk Assessment Methods.
• 23.3 Noncancer Risk Assessment.
• 23.4 Cancer Risk Assessment.
• 23.5 PBPK Modeling.

Part VII Environmental Toxicology.

24 Toxicant Analysis (Chris Hofelt).

• 24.1 Introduction.
• 24.2 Environmental Sample Collection Methods.
• 24.3 Analytical Techniques.
• 24.4 Quantification, QA and QC.
• 24.5 Summary.

25 Basics of Environmental Toxicology (Gerald A. LeBlanc and David B. Buchwalter).

• 25.1 Introduction.
• 25.2 Environmental Persistence.
• 25.3 Bioaccumulation.
• 25.4 Toxicity.
• 25.5 Conclusion.

26 Transport and Fate of Toxicants in the Environment (Damian Shea).

• 26.1 Introduction.
• 26.2 Sources of Toxicants to the Environment.
• 26.3 Transport Processes.
• 26.4 Equilibrium Partitioning.
• 26.5 Transformation Processes.
• 26.6 Environmental Fate Models.

27 Environmental Risk Assessment (Damian Shea).

• 27.1 Introduction.
• 27.2 Formulating the Problem.
• 27.3 Analyzing Exposure and Effects Information.
• 27.4 Characterizing Risk.
• 27.5 Managing Risk.

Part VIII New Approaches in Toxicology.

28 Perspectives on Informatics in Toxicology (Seth W. Kullman, Carolyn J. Mattingly, Joel N. Meyer and Andrew Whitehead).

• 28.1 Introduction.
• 28.2 Transcriptomics.
• 28.3 Annotation Resources.
• 28.4 Genome Sequencing, Resequencing and Genotyping.
• 28.5 Epigenomic Profiling.
• 28.6 Computational Toxicology.
• 28.7 Informatics Tools in Toxicology.

29 Future Considerations (Ernest Hodgson).

• 29.1 Introduction.
• 29.2 Risk Assessment.
• 29.3 Risk Management.
• 29.4 Risk Communication.
• 29.5 In Vivo Toxicity.
• 29.6 In Vitro Toxicity.
• 29.7 Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology.
• 29.8 Development of Selective Toxicants.
• 29.9 Summary and Conclusions.

Glossary.

Index.

About the Author

• ERNEST HODGSON, PhD, is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Toxicology at North Carolina State University. In addition to the previous editions of A Textbook of Modern Toxicology, he coedited Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Fourth Edition (Wiley) and its prior editions. Dr. Hodgson is the Editor of the Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 672 pages
• Publisher: Wiley; 4 edition (June 21, 2010)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 047046206X
• ISBN-13: 978-0470462065
• Product Dimensions: 9.9 x 7.1 x 1.4 inches

List Price: $115.00