The federal dietary guidance aims to promote the health of Americans and to reduce the risk for major chronic diseases through better diet and physical activity. The federal government conducts nationally representative dietary surveys as part of its nutrition monitoring activities. Chapter 1 examines the diet of 17,107 Americans, 2 years of age and above, who provided complete, reliable one-day dietary data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
It is the purpose of chapter 3 to evaluate a variety of clinical interventions conducted in the past 5 years in which dietary carbohydrate was one of the main variables under investigation. The effects of different dietary interventions varying in the amount of dietary carbohydrate on symptoms associated with the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and increased risk for CHD are discussed.
The purpose of chapter 4 was to examine the effect of carbohydrate feeding during the first of two 90-min cycling bouts (EX1 started at 09:00 and EX2 started at 13:30) at 60% V& O2 max on leukocyte redistribution, in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated degranulation and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced oxidative burst by blood neutrophils and plasma interleukin-6 and stress hormone responses.
To understand the effect of a drug and the further response of the body, it is very important to realize what there effects can be and how they can be measured as described in chapter 5.
In chapter 6, the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) type on ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and the efficiency of utilization of ruminal ammonia nitrogen (N) for milk protein synthesis were studied in two in vivo experiments with lactating dairy cows.
In chapter 7, the effect of a carbohydrate supplement, offered as a diet option, on feeding behavior, body weight gain and endurance exercise was studied in young and old rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. Male albino rats (n=47) were randomly divided into hypoxic supplemented and control groups; and a normoxic control group.
An overview is given in chapter 8 on the effects of prebiotics on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (faecal characteristics, flora, digestibility, gastrointestinal dimensions and potential side effects), metabolism (lipid, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism), immune system and palatability in dogs and cats. Potential clinical benefits and topics for future research are discussed.
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Macronutrient Intakes in the United States and the Diet Quality of Adults Eating Low to High Amounts of Carbohydrate: NHANES 1999-2002
Chapter 2 Sources of Carbohydrates in the Diet and Relationship to Obesity and Dental Caries 2
Chapter 3 Associations between Carbohydrate Intake and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease, Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome
Chapter 4 The Effect of Carbohydrate Supplementation during the First of Two Prolonged Cycling Bouts on Immunoendocrine Responses
Chapter 5 Pharmacokinetics and its Relevance to Diet
Chapter 6 Carbohydrate Effects on the Efficiency of Utilization of Ruminal Ammonia Nitrogen for Milk Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows
Chapter 7 Effect of Carbohydrate Supplementation on Performance in Rats Exposed to Hypobaric Hypoxia
Chapter 8 Effects of Prebiotics in Dog and Cat Nutrition: A Review
Index
Product Details
- Hardcover: 232 pages
- Publisher: Nova Science Publishers; 1 edition (July 30, 2006)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 159454798X
- ISBN-13: 978-1594547980
- Product Dimensions: 10.4 x 7.1 x 0.9 inches