Echocardiography is a versatile imaging modality that can be performed at the bedside to promptly provide reliable anatomic and functional information useful for the management of patients with heart disease. There have been many technological advances in echocardiography, resulting in an improvement in image quality and new insights into cardiac mechanics. In order to fully appreciate and utilize these advances, it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of the cardiac anatomy and how this relates to echocardiography. For instance, mitral valve repair is now the surgical method of choice for the treatment of patients with degenerative mitral valve disease and severe mitral regurgitation, but it requires excellent understanding of the mitral valvular and subvalvular anatomy to allow selection of appropriate patients and the detection of complications associated with the surgical repair.
Anatomic Basis of Echocardiographic Diagnosis provides a systematic approach in the clinical application of echocardiography based on a comprehensive understanding of cardiac anatomy and pathology. Covered within are discussions on general cardiac anatomy, normal variants and the orientation of the heart in the thorax and its effect on the acoustic windows. Later sections cover diseases that affect various cardiac structures, such as the valves, the myocardium and the pericardium, and examine specific clinical settings in which echocardiography plays a pivotal role in the differential diagnosis and clinical management. Examples that incorporate echocardiographic images with pathologic correlations are included in every chapter, evidence of the importance of collaborative effort between echocardiographer and pathologist. Also included are many 3D echocardiographic images to highlight normal and abnormal findings, as well as numerous pathologic images providing anatomic correlates of the echocardiographic findings. The nearly 700 images have been carefully selected to illustrate key findings, and thus the book can serve equally well as an atlas and should be a useful resource to sonographers, cardiology trainees, internists and cardiologists.
Contents1 General Anatomy of the Heart in the Chest
- Atrial Anatomy
- Tricuspid Valve Anatomy
- Right Ventricle Anatomy
- Pulmonary Valve Anatomy
- Mitral Valve Anatomy
- Left Ventricle Anatomy
- Aortic Valve Anatomy
- Echocardiography Considerations
- External Versus Internal Landmarks
2 Age-Related Cardiac Changes
- Fenestrations
- Lambl’s Excresences
- Mitral Annular Calcification
- Calcific Aortic Valve Changes
- Age-Related Amyloidosis
- Age-Related Cardiac Chamber Changes
3 Aortic Valve
- Aortic Stenosis
- Age-Related Calcific Valve Stenosis
- Congenitally Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- Post-inflammatory Rheumatic Aortic Stenosis
- Sub-aortic Valve Stenosis
- Dynamic Subaortic Obstruction
- Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
- Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Morphology
- Assessment of Aortic Stenosis Severity
- Left Ventricular Adaptation to Aortic Stenosis
- Aortic Valve Regurgitation
- Congenitally Bicuspid Valve
- Post-inflammatory Changes
- Other Valvular Causes of Aortic Regurgitation
- Aortic Causes of Aortic Valve Regurgitation
- Echocardiographic Consideration in Aortic Regurgitation
- Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Severity
4 Mitral Valve
- Mitral Stenosis
- Echocardiography Considerations
- Assessment of Severity of Mitral Stenosis
- Mitral Insufficiency
- Anatomical Considerations
- Leaflet Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
- Chordal Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
- Ventricular Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
- Mitral Annular Calcification
- Papillary Muscle Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
- Post-mitral Valve Repair
- Assessment of Severity of Mitral Regurgitation
5 Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve
- Anatomical Considerations
- Echocardiography Considerations
- Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation
- Ebstein’s Anomaly
- Carcinoid Valve Disease
- Severity of Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Tricuspid Valve Stenotic Lesions
- Pulmonary Stenosis
- Pulmonary Regurgitation
- Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve Infective Endocarditis
6 Cardiomyopathies
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
- Noncompaction of the Ventricle
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia – Arrhythmogenic
- Cardiomyopathy
7 Ischemic Heart Disease
- Acute Ischemia
- Global and Regional Function
- Chest Pain Assessment
- Myocardial Infarction
- Papillary Muscle Rupture
- Ventricular Septal Rupture
- Dynamic Subaortic Stenosis
- Free Wall Rupture
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
- Right Ventricular Infarction
- Chronic Complications of Myocardial Infarction
- Left Ventricular True and False Aneurysm
- Left Ventricular Thrombus
- Atrial Infarction
- Viability
8 Right Ventricular Diseases
- Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricle
- Right Ventricular Areas and Fractional Area Change
- Right Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction
- Eccentricity Index
- Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion
- Myocardial Performance Index
- Tissue Doppler Imaging
- Strain and Strain Rate
- Right Ventricular Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension
- Trauma
- Lines, Catheters, and Iatrogenic Disorders
9 Diseases of the Aorta
- Acute Aortic Syndrome
- Aortic Dissection
- Intramural Hematoma
- Aortic Rupture and Aortic Tear
- Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection or Intramural Hematoma
- Penetrating Aortic Ulcer
- Traumatic Aortic Injury
- Chronic Aortic Diseases
- Aortic Dissection Post-Repair
- Chronic Aortic Aneurysm
- Aortic Pseudoaneurysm
- Aortitis
- Aortic Plaques
- Aortic Neoplasm
10 Pericardial Diseases
- Pericarditis and Pericardial Effusion
- Pericardial Tamponade
- Constrictive Pericarditis
- Constrictive Pericarditis Versus Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Pericardial Tumors
- Absence of the Pericardium
- Pericardial Cysts
- Echo-Guided Pericardiocentesis
11 Prosthetic Heart Valves
- Types of Prostheses
- Morphologic Assessment of Prosthetic Valves
- Hemodynamic Assessment of Prosthetic Valves
- Prosthetic–Patient Mismatch
- High Transprosthetic Gradient and Prosthetic Dysfunction
- Prosthetic Valvular Regurgitation
- Stress Echocardiography
- Prosthesis-Related Complications
12 Infective Endocarditis and Related Conditions
- Predisposing Factors
- Diagnostic Approach
- Complications
- Local
- Echocardiographic Correlates
- Paravalvular Complications
- Echocardiographic Correlates
- Right-Sided Endocarditis
- Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
- Culture Negative Endocarditis
- Fungal Endocarditis
- Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis
- Rheumatic Fever Verrucous Endocarditis
- Libman Sacks Endocarditis, Antiphospholipid, and Anticardiolipin
- Antibody Syndrome
13 Neoplasm, Cardiac Tumor
- Echocardiographic Approach
- Primary Benign Cardiac Tumors
- Cardiac Myxoma
- Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
- Papillary Fibroelastoma
- Other Benign Neoplasms
- Primary Malignant Cardiac Tumors
- Sarcoma
- Metastatic Secondary Tumors
14 Congenital Heart Disease
- Segmental Approach
- Unrepaired Lesions
- Atrial Septal Defect
- Ventricular Septal Defects
- Atrioventricular Septal Defect
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Coarctation
- Left Superior Vena Cava
- Congenital Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
- Postsurgical Conditions
- Tetralogy of Fallot Post repair
- Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries Post Repair
- Fontan Operation
15 Cardiac Source of Embolism
- Diagnostic Difficultie
- Diagnostic Approach
- Diagnostic Yield versus Therapeutic Yield
- Echocardiographic Findings
- High-Risk Findings
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Mitral Stenosis
- Aortic Plaque
- Moderate-Risk Findings
- Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- Prosthetic Valves
- Spontaneous Echo Contrast
- Uncertain, Likely Low-Risk Findings
- Chronic Left Ventricular Aneurysm
- Patent Foramen Ovale
- Atrial Septal Aneurysm
- Intrapulmonary Shunt
- Valvular Strands, Lambl’s Excrescences, Fibroelastoma
- Valve Diseases
16 Assessment of Diastolic Function
- Echo-Doppler Measures of Diastolic Function
- Normal Diastolic Function
- Mild Diastolic Dysfunction
- Moderate Diastolic Dysfunction
- Severe Diastolic Dysfunction
17 Cardiac Involvement by Systemic Diseases
- Pathognomonic Findings
- Nonspecific Findings
- Any Part of the Cardiovascular System May Be Affected
- The Cardiac Involvement Can Be Focal or Diffuse
- Myocardial Involvement in Neuromuscular Diseases
- Systemic Disease and Cardiomyopathy
- Congenital Syndromes or Chromosomal
- Diseases and Cardiac Malformations
18 Interventional Procedures
- Permanent Pacemaker and Internal Defibrillator Leads
- Cardiac Resynchronization
- Device Closure of Intracardiac Defects
- Atrial Septal Defect
- Patent Foramen Ovale
- Ventricular Septal Defect
- Perivalvular Regurgitation
- Percutaneous Aortic Valve Implantation
- Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
- Left Ventricular Assist Device
Index
Product Details
- Hardcover: 505 pages
- Publisher: Springer; 1st edition (January 14, 2011)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 184996386X
- ISBN-13: 978-1849963862
- Product Dimensions: 10.2 x 8 x 1 inches
List Price: $239.00