Vaccinology continues, impressively, to advance and mature both in the development of new and improved vaccines and in the implementation of vaccines to prevent disease, thus requiring the publication of the new fourth edition. Some technologies highlighted with great expectation in the previous edition have progressed admirably in clinical trials, whereas others have proved disappointing and have been abandoned altogether.
Some of the important changes that have taken place in the field and are featured in this edition include several new vaccines that have been recently licensed, including a quadrivalent (groups A, C, W135, and Y) meningococcal conjugate vaccine, two oral rotavirus vaccines, and two human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on virus-like particle technology. Certain already existing vaccines, with modification, for example, acellular pertussis, have been adapted from use in infants for use in adolescents and adults. New fundamental knowledge on the intricacies of the innate immune system, in particular the role of Toll-like receptors, has revolutionized understanding of the relationship between the innate and adaptive immune systems, thereby providing a scientific underpinning to elevate adjuvant research from being largely empiric to becoming science based. This suggests that the next few years may see breakthroughs to enhance immune responses to poorly immunogenic vaccine antigens and to increase immunologic responses to vaccines in the very young and the elderly target groups that have, heretofore, been notoriously less immunologically responsive.
Technologies that allow high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of genome sequence data have advanced at a frenzied pace. Many pathogens of interest for vaccine development have had their genomes sequenced, thereby allowing searches to be undertaken to identify antigens as potential targets to serve as vaccine candidates. The fourth edition very much highlights these technologies. This edition also continues the book’s tradition of providing extensive descriptions of various live bacterial and viral vector vaccine strategies and technologies.
The fourth edition provides an updated report on the extraordinary impact of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (now called the GAVI Alliance) and its financial instrument, the Vaccine Fund. GAVI has become an established fact on the ground in developing countries and represents one of the most significant initiatives in vaccine public health since the establishment of the Expanded Program on Immunization in the 1970s. The GAVI Alliance partners, including the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, the World Bank, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, vaccine industry in both industrialized and developing countries, and others, are committed to increasing immunization coverage among infants in developing countries by strengthening the infrastructure of immunization services, introducing new vaccines (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate) into developing country programs and fostering the accelerated development and introduction of vaccines that can diminish young child mortality (multivalent pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccines). The fourth edition also updates both the impressive progress and the frustrating setbacks of the global Polio Eradication Initiative in recent years.
One of the most significant changes in vaccine development since the last edition is in the area of vaccines against the highest threat bioterror agents and some emerging infectious disease agents, including human pandemic influenza. Notable investments in vaccine development have been made by the U.S. government to support the development of new vaccines against anthrax, smallpox, tularemia, an array of hemorrhagic fever viruses, and other emerging viruses (e.g., Ebola, Hendra, West Nile, SARS) and plague, as well as against other pathogens of potential bioterror concern (e.g., Shigella dysenteriae 1 and other Shigella). Accompanying these specific vaccine development efforts has been the corollary development of improved methods of immunizing populations en masse, in particular without the use of needles and syringes. The fourth edition has made a concerted effort to cover these exciting developments by including multiple chapters devoted to marking their progress.
1. Vaccines and Vaccination in Historical Perspective
2. Developing Vaccines in the Era of Reverse Vaccinology
3. Initial Clinical Evaluation of New Vaccine Candidates
4. Special Issues in Performing Vaccine Trials in Developing Countries
5. Long-Term Evaluation of Vaccine Performance: Methodological Issues for Phase III and Phase IV Studies
6. Ethical Considerations in the Conduct of Vaccine Trials in Developing Countries
7. Vaccine Economics: Assuring That Vaccines Are Developed for and Available in Developing Countries
8. Development and Supply of Vaccines: An Industry Perspective
9. Reaching Every Child: Achieving Equity in Global Immunization
10. A Paradigm for International Cooperation: The GAVI Alliance
11. Economic Analyses of Vaccines and Vaccination Programs
12. An Overview of U.S. Food and Drug Administration Licensure of Vaccines
13. Assuring Vaccine Quality by Strengthening Regulatory Agencies: The Work of the World Health Organization
14. Vaccine Safety
15. Manufacturing of Vaccines
16. Polio Eradication: Ongoing Innovation to End an Ancient Scourge
17. Recent Advances in Immunology That Impact Vaccine Development
18. Modulating Vaccine Responses with Innate Immunity
19. Immunodominance, Deceptive Imprinting, and Immune Refocusing Technology
20. Standardization and High-Throughput Measurement of T-Cell Responses to Vaccines
21. Transition to High-Throughput Laboratory Assays to Evaluate Multivalent Vaccines
22. The Challenge of Vaccine Protection in Very Young Infants
23. The Challenge of Inducing Vaccine Protection in the Elderly
24. Vaccination and Autoimmunity
25. Adjuvants for the Future
26. TLR9 Agonists for Immune Enhancement of Vaccines
27. Use of Genetically or Chemically Detoxified Mutants of Cholera and Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxins as Mucosal Adjuvants
28. Recent Developments in Nonliving Antigen Delivery Systems
29. Virus-Like Particles as Vaccines and Vaccine Delivery Systems
30. Subunit Vaccines Produced Using Plant Biotechnology
31. Lipopeptide-Based Vaccines
32. Vaccines Based on Dendritic Cell Biology
33. Vaccinia Virus and Other Poxviruses as Live Vectors
34. Replication-Defective and Competent Adenovirus Recombinants as Vaccine Vectors
35. RNA Virus Replicon Vaccines
36. Engineering of Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovars for Use as Live Vector Vaccines
37. DNA Vaccines
38. Overview of Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization Strategies
39. Mucosal Immunization and Needle-Free Injection Devices.
40. Advances in Transcutaneous Vaccine Delivery
41. Rationalizing Childhood Immunization Programs: The Variation in Schedules and Use of Combination Vaccines
42. Meningococcal Conjugate and Protein-Based Vaccines
43. Post-Licensure Impact of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and
Serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis Conjugate Vaccines in Industrialized Countries
44. Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease Burden and the Impact of Programmatic Infant Immunization in Developing Countries
45. Pneumococcal Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines
46. Pneumococcal Common Proteins and Other Vaccine Strategies
47. Polysaccharide-Based Conjugate Vaccines for Enteric Bacterial Infections: Typhoid Fever, Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis, and Escherichia coli O157:H7
48. Attenuated Strains of Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi as Live Oral Vaccines Against Enteric Fever
49. Oral Cholera Vaccines
50. Novel Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
51. Influenza
52. Chimeric Vaccines Against Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue, and West Nile
53. Vaccines Against Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
54. Novel Strategies for Immunizing Infants in Developing Countries Who Are Too Young to Receive the Currently Licensed Measles Vaccines
55. Challenges and Prospects for the Development of an HIV Vaccine
56. Vaccine Strategies to Prevent Dengue
57. Vaccination Against the Hepatitis C Virus
58. Vaccines Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Viruses
59. Cytomegalovirus Vaccines
60. Epstein–Barr Virus Vaccines
61. Herpes Simplex Vaccines
62. Development of Vaccines to Prevent Group A Streptococcal Infections and Rheumatic Fever
63. Vaccines Against Group B Streptococcus
64. Overview of Live and Subcellular Vaccine Strategies Against Shigella
65. Vaccines Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
66. Multivalent Shigella Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine
67. Vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus Infections
68. Chlamydia trachomatis Vaccines
69. Malaria Vaccines in Clinical Development: Introduction and Recombinant/Subunit Approaches
70. Gene-Based Malaria Vaccines
71. Pre-erythrocytic and Asexual Erythrocytic Stage Whole-Organism Malaria Vaccines
72. Vaccines Against Leishmania
73. Vaccines Against Schistosomiasis
74. Vaccines Against Entamoeba histolytica
75. Hookworm Vaccines
76. Improved Smallpox Vaccines
77. Anthrax Vaccines
78. Tularemia Vaccines
79. Vaccines Against Plague
80. Development of Vaccines for Ebola and Marburg Viruses: Efficacy and Regulatory Considerations
81. Therapeutics and Vaccines Against Hendra and Nipah Viruses
82. Vaccines Against Lassa Fever
83. Hantavirus Vaccines
84. SARS Vaccines
85. Cancer-Specific Vaccines
86. Vaccines Against Human Papillomaviruses
87. Vaccines Against Alzheimer’s and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases
88. Vaccination for Autoimmune and Other Chronic Inflammatory Disorders
89. Immunotherapies To Treat Drug Addiction
Index
Book Details
- Hardcover: 1040 pages
- Publisher: Informa Healthcare; 4 edition (July 30, 2008)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 1420060732
- ISBN-13: 978-1420060737
- Product Dimensions: 10.8 x 8.6 x 2 inches