Medical Lecture Note: Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology 3rd Edition (Expert Consult Series) 4 Volume Set

Do clinicians and trainees really need textbooks anymore? In an era of ever-expanding connectivity and immediate access to published articles, why would anyone consult a textbook, which by its very nature is incomplete before it is even published? No doubt these are strange questions coming from the editors of the third edition of the most popular multi-volume ophthalmic textbook, but they must be asked and answered. Our answer is an unequivocal “yes”! Books like this serve an extremely important function – that of a repository for expert reviews of our current understanding of ophthalmic health and disease. The chapters and sections in Albert and Jakobiec are an important resource for the clinician and student, providing a comprehensive information base on an extensive list of topics. Of course journal articles continue to be the most useful source of information about new developments in the field but they do not replace books. Constraints on the length of journal articles, inattention to the provenance of the ideas they contain, and an understandable tendency to self-promote the authors' thesis, limit the value of many “original contributions.” Readers of journal articles forearmed with information found in an encyclopedic text can place these articles into perspective. Thus, the two sources are complimentary. In a very real sense this textbook serves as a springboard to the constantly expanding universe of published scientific literature.

What is new in the third edition? The second edition (2002) was a reworking of the very successful first edition (1996) of Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. For the third edition we undertook a critical evaluation of each section and chapter to ensure that topics were well-covered with minimal redundancy, that new areas of practice and research were adequately described, and that topics that were over-represented could be substantially shortened or deleted. This evaluation involved all of the editors (Dan Albert, Joan Miller, Barbara Blodi and Dimitri Azar) as well as new and returning section editors. As an example, under the direction of Dimitri Azar, we incorporated a new section on refractive surgery that provides the principles of refractive surgery as well as useful descriptions of evaluation techniques and procedures. The Oncology section was substantially expanded and revised under the section editorship of Evangelos Gragoudas and Joan O'Brien. Pediatrics was also extensively revised by David Hunter and Monte Mills, and the Pharmacology and Toxicology sections were combined and revised under the direction of Mark Abelson. Barbara Blodi and Joan Miller reworked the extensive retina section, to include current techniques, new diagnostic modalities (including OCT), and new drug therapies. The human genome project and modern genetics are revolutionizing medicine, and genetics information has been incorporated into all sections. Finally, the last section of the textbook headed by Kathy Colby and Nancy Holekamp is a section on Ethics and Professionalism topics that are increasingly important to practicing clinicians, and an ACGME requirement for resident training. A concerted effort was made throughout the third edition to complement the text with diagrams, line drawings and color figures. In addition, each chapter contains a key points section. Overall, the third edition has exceeded the expectations of all of the editors. We were pleased by the enthusiasm of new and returning authors, more than 600 in total, as well as new and returning section editors, and were excited by the teamwork and cooperation shown in upgrading and improving this important project. The result is a definitive textbook in ophthalmology, available in hardcover and by web access.

The editorial team has been a wonderful collaboration and the senior editors are very grateful for the prodigious efforts of Drs. Dimitri Azar and Barbara Blodi. We were saddened that Dr. Frederick Jakobiec, a co-founder of this project and co-editor on editions 1 and 2, was unable to participate as an editor in the third edition, although still contributing as a co-author. We look forward to his return to the ophthalmology community, and we can report that Dr. Jakobiec is pleased and supportive of the upcoming 3rd edition of the textbook named for him and Dr. Albert. All of the editorial team is most appreciative of the unstinting and generous support of Elsevier Publishing; in particular the leadership of the senior editor, Russell Gabbedy, and the hard work and diligence of Zak Knowles, contributing editor, whose efforts in collecting and coordinating chapters, as well as initial editing of chapters were unsurpassed. The managing editors, Tracy Perkins and Janet Cohan, provided important coordination between the authors, section editors, editors and publisher, and handled all of their responsibilities with aplomb. Above all, the contributing authors who wrote the chapters and the section editors who delineated the section content and edited the component chapters deserve the greatest credit for the superb quality of the textbook.

We sincerely hope that the third edition of Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice in Ophthalmology provides ophthalmologists and trainees with a gateway into the wonderful science and art of ophthalmology in order to provide the best care for our patients, and to continually advance our field.

-- Daniel M. Albert, Joan W. Miller

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Contents

VOLUME 1

SECTION 1 - GENETICS

CHAPTER 1 - Fundamentals of Genetics
CHAPTER 2 - Molecular Mechanisms of Inherited Disease
CHAPTER 3 - Genetic Testing
CHAPTER 4 - Principles of Genetic Counseling

SECTION 2 - IMMUNOLOGY

CHAPTER 5 - Immunology – An Overview
CHAPTER 6 - A Cast of Thousands: The Cells of the Immune System
CHAPTER 7 - T-Lymphocyte Responses
CHAPTER 8 - B-Lymphocyte Responses
CHAPTER 9 - Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury
CHAPTER 10 - Regulation of Immune Responses

SECTION 3 - MICROBIOLOGY

CHAPTER 11 - Ocular Bacteriology
CHAPTER 12 - Chlamydial Disease
CHAPTER 13 - The Spirochetes
CHAPTER 14 - Parasitic and Rickettsial Ocular Infections
CHAPTER 15 - Fungal Infections of the Eye
CHAPTER 16 - Ocular Virology

SECTION 4 - PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

CHAPTER 17 - Ocular Pharmacokinetics
CHAPTER 18 - Anesthetics
CHAPTER 19 - Antibacterials
CHAPTER 20 - Antivirals
CHAPTER 21 - Antifungal Agents
CHAPTER 22 - Antiparasitics
CHAPTER 23 - Corticosteroids in Ophthalmic Practice
CHAPTER 24 - Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
CHAPTER 25 - Antihistamines and Mast Cell Stabilizers in Allergic Ocular Disease
CHAPTER 26 - Tear Film and Blink Dynamics
CHAPTER 27 - Tear Substitutes
CHAPTER 28 - Viscoelastics
CHAPTER 29 - Pharmacologic Agents with Osmotic Effects
CHAPTER 30 - Pharmacologic Treatment of Immune Disorders and Specifically of Immune Ocular Inflammatory Disease
CHAPTER 31 - Angiogenic Factors and Inhibitors
CHAPTER 32 - Principles of Toxicology of the Eye
CHAPTER 33 - Toxicology of Ophthalmic Agents by Class

SECTION 5 - PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

CHAPTER 34 - Epidemiology and Clinical Research
CHAPTER 35 - Epidemiology of Age-Related Cataract
CHAPTER 36 - Epidemiology of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
CHAPTER 37 - Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy
CHAPTER 38 - Epidemiology of Age-related Macular Degeneration

SECTION 6 - CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA

CHAPTER 39 - Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Cornea, Superficial Limbus, and Conjunctiva
CHAPTER 40 - Corneal Form and Function: Clinical Perspective
CHAPTER 41 - Ocular Surface Epithelial Stem Cells and Corneal Wound Healing Response to Injury and Infection
CHAPTER 42 - Corneal Examination, Specular and Confocal Microscopy, UBM, OCT
CHAPTER 43 - Corneal Dysgeneses, Dystrophies, and Degenerations
CHAPTER 44 - Keratoconus and Corneal Noninflammatory Ectasias
CHAPTER 45 - Corneal Manifestations of Metabolic Disease
CHAPTER 46 - Immunologic Disorders of the Conjunctiva, Cornea, and Sclera
CHAPTER 47 - Allergic and Toxic Reactions: The Immune Response
CHAPTER 48 - Lid Inflammations
CHAPTER 49 - Viral Disease of the Cornea and External Eye
CHAPTER 50 - Bacterial, Chlamydial, and Mycobacterial Infections
CHAPTER 51 - Fungal Keratitis
CHAPTER 52 - Acanthamoeba Keratitis
CHAPTER 53 - Interstitial Keratitis
CHAPTER 54 - Recurrent Corneal Epithelial Erosion
CHAPTER 55 - Persistent Epithelial Defects
CHAPTER 56 - Chemical Injuries of the Eye
CHAPTER 57 - Wetting of the Ocular Surface and Dry-Eye Disorders
CHAPTER 58 - Tumors of the Cornea and Conjunctiva
CHAPTER 59 - Lamellar Keratoplasty
CHAPTER 60 - Penetrating Keratoplasty
CHAPTER 61 - Endothelial Keratoplasty
CHAPTER 62 - Complications of Corneal Transplantation and Their Management
CHAPTER 63 - Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
CHAPTER 64 - Conjunctival Surgery
CHAPTER 65 - Ocular Surface Transplantation
CHAPTER 66 - Amniotic Membrane Surgery
CHAPTER 67 - Keratoprosthesis

SECTION 7 - REFRACTIVE SURGERY

CHAPTER 68 - History, Development, and Classification of Refractive Surgical Procedures
CHAPTER 69 - Optical Principles for Refractive Surgery
CHAPTER 70 - Corneal Topography and Wave Front Analysis
CHAPTER 71 - Diagnosis and Management of Corneal Irregular Astigmatism
CHAPTER 72 - Biomechanics and Wound Healing in Refractive Surgery
CHAPTER 73 - Excimer Laser Instrumentation
CHAPTER 74 - Mechanical and Laser Microkeratomes
CHAPTER 75 - LASIK Patient Evaluation and Selection
CHAPTER 76 - Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism
CHAPTER 77 - Decentration in Keratorefractive Procedures
CHAPTER 78 - LASEK and Epi-LASIK
CHAPTER 79 - LASIK for Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism
CHAPTER 80 - Wavefront-Guided Excimer Laser Surgery
CHAPTER 81 - Intraoperative Complications of LASIK
CHAPTER 82 - Incisional Surgery: Radial and Astigmatic Keratotomy
CHAPTER 83 - Intrastromal Corneal Rings for Myopia, Keratoconus, and Corneal Ectasia
CHAPTER 84 - Conductive Keratoplasty for the Treatment of Hyperopia and Presbyopia
CHAPTER 85 - Scleral Procedure for Presbyopia
CHAPTER 86 - Refractive Surgery with Phakic IOLs
CHAPTER 87 - Clear Lens Extraction
CHAPTER 88 - Accommodative and Pseudoaccommodative Intraocular Lenses
CHAPTER 89 - Future Developments with Conductive Keratoplasty

SECTION 8 - UVEITIS

CHAPTER 90 - Introduction to Uveitis
CHAPTER 91 - Immunosuppression
CHAPTER 92 - Anterior Uveitis
CHAPTER 93 - Ocular Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
CHAPTER 94 - Intermediate Uveitis
CHAPTER 95 - Infectious Causes of Posterior Uveitis
CHAPTER 96 - Birdshot Chorioretinopathy
CHAPTER 97 - Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease (Uveomeningitic Syndrome)
CHAPTER 98 - Ocular Histoplasmosis
CHAPTER 99 - Sympathetic Ophthalmia
CHAPTER 100 - Fuchs' Heterochromic Iridocyclitis
CHAPTER 101 - Serpiginous Choroiditis
CHAPTER 102 - Intraocular Lymphoproliferations Simulating Uveitis
CHAPTER 103 - Choroidal Effusions and Detachments

SECTION 9 - LENS

CHAPTER 104 - Biology of the Lens: Lens Transparency as a Function of Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology
CHAPTER 105 - Lens Proteins and Their Molecular Biology
CHAPTER 106 - Biophysics and Age Changes of the Crystalline Lens
CHAPTER 107 - Mechanism of Cataract Formation
CHAPTER 108 - Subjective Classification and Objective Quantitation of Human Cataract
CHAPTER 109 - History of Cataract Surgery
CHAPTER 110 - Historical Development of Modern Intraocular Lens Surgery
CHAPTER 111 - Preoperative Preparation of Patients for Cataract and Lens Implant Surgery
CHAPTER 112 - Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery
CHAPTER 113 - Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
CHAPTER 114 - Phacoemulsification – Theory and Practice
CHAPTER 115 - Fluidics
CHAPTER 116 - Intraocular Lens Implantation
CHAPTER 117 - Pediatric Cataract Surgery
CHAPTER 118 - Combined Procedures
CHAPTER 119 - Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation
CHAPTER 120 - Astigmatism and Cataract Surgery
CHAPTER 121 - Complications of IOL Surgery

VOLUME 2

SECTION 10 - RETINA AND VITREOUS

CHAPTER 122 - Functional Anatomy of the Neural Retina
CHAPTER 123 - Visual Acuity, Adaptation, and Color Vision
CHAPTER 124 - Objective Assessment of Retinal Function
CHAPTER 125 - Muller Cells and the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
CHAPTER 126 - Retinal and Choroidal Circulations
CHAPTER 127 - Examination of the Retina: Ophthalmoscopy and Fundus Biomicroscopy
CHAPTER 128 - Principles of Fluorescein Angiography
CHAPTER 129 - Indocyanine Green Videoangiography
CHAPTER 130 - Optical Coherence Tomography
CHAPTER 131 - Retinal Arterial Occlusions
CHAPTER 132 - Retinal Venous Occlusive Disease
CHAPTER 133 - Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
CHAPTER 134 - Diabetic Macular Edema
CHAPTER 135 - Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
CHAPTER 136 - Advanced Retinopathy of Prematurity
CHAPTER 137 - Eales' Disease
CHAPTER 138 - Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms
CHAPTER 139 - Coats' Disease and Retinal Telangiectasia
CHAPTER 140 - Neuroretinitis
CHAPTER 141 - Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy
CHAPTER 142 - Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
CHAPTER 143 - Genetics of Age-related Macular Degeneration
CHAPTER 144 - Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Drusen and Geographic Atrophy
CHAPTER 145 - Foods and Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
CHAPTER 146 - Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Choroidal Neovascularization
CHAPTER 147 - Photodynamic Therapy
CHAPTER 148 - Anti-VEGF and Other Pharmacologic Treatments for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
CHAPTER 149 - Surgical Treatments of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
CHAPTER 150 - Acute Idiopathic Maculopathy
CHAPTER 151 - Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
CHAPTER 152 - Angioid Streaks
CHAPTER 153 - Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome
CHAPTER 154 - Pathologic Myopia
CHAPTER 155 - Idiopathic Macular Hole
CHAPTER 156 - Choroidal and Retinal Folds
CHAPTER 157 - Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy, Serpiginous Choroiditis, and Relentless Placoid Chorioretinitis
CHAPTER 158 - Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome
CHAPTER 159 - Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy
CHAPTER 160 - Macular Epiretinal Membranes
CHAPTER 161 - Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy
CHAPTER 162 - Toxoplasmosis
CHAPTER 163 - Retinal Manifestations of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment
CHAPTER 164 - Acute Retinal Necrosis
CHAPTER 165 - Ocular Syphilis
CHAPTER 166 - Subretinal Fibrosis and Uveitis Syndrome
CHAPTER 167 - Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis
CHAPTER 168 - Frosted Branch Angiitis
CHAPTER 169 - Retinal Manifestations of the Rheumatic Diseases
CHAPTER 170 - Retinopathy Associated with Blood Anomalies
CHAPTER 171 - Posterior Segment Sarcoidosis
CHAPTER 172 - Sickle-Cell Retinopathy
CHAPTER 173 - Traumatic Retinopathy
CHAPTER 174 - Photic Retinopathy
CHAPTER 175 - Radiation Retinopathy
CHAPTER 176 - Retinal Toxicity of Systemic Medications
CHAPTER 177 - Retinitis Pigmentosa and Allied Diseases
CHAPTER 178 - Hereditary Cone Dystrophies
CHAPTER 179 - Heredofamilial Macular Degenerations
CHAPTER 180 - Lattice Degeneration, Cystic Retinal Tufts, Asymptomatic Retinal Breaks, and Additional Selected Peripheral Retinal Findings
CHAPTER 181 - Retinoschisis
CHAPTER 182 - Retinal Detachment
CHAPTER 183 - Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
CHAPTER 184 - Postoperative Endophthalmitis
CHAPTER 185 - Giant Retinal Tears
CHAPTER 186 - Management of Retained Lens Fragments and Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
CHAPTER 187 - Intraocular Foreign Bodies
CHAPTER 188 - Diseases of the Vitreous
CHAPTER 189 - Heredofamilial Vitreoretinopathies

SECTION 11 - GLAUCOMA

CHAPTER 190 - Aqueous Humor and the Dynamics of its Flow: Formation of Aqueous Humor
CHAPTER 191 - Aqueous Humor and the Dynamics of its Flow: Mechanisms and Routes of Aqueous Humor Drainage
CHAPTER 192 - Cellular Mechanisms in the Trabecular Meshwork Affecting the Aqueous Humor Outflow Pathway
CHAPTER 193 - Genetics of Glaucoma
CHAPTER 194 - Clinical Evaluation of the Glaucoma Patient
CHAPTER 195 - Tonometry and Tonography
CHAPTER 196 - Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss
CHAPTER 197 - Optic Nerve Head and Nerve Fiber Layer Imaging
CHAPTER 198 - Primary Congenital Glaucoma
CHAPTER 199 - Juvenile-Onset Open-Angle Glaucoma
CHAPTER 200 - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
CHAPTER 201 - Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma
CHAPTER 202 - Combined-Mechanism Glaucoma
CHAPTER 203 - The Exfoliation Syndrome: A Continuing Challenge
CHAPTER 204 - Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma
CHAPTER 205 - Inflammatory Glaucoma
CHAPTER 206 - Glaucoma Associated with Ocular Trauma
CHAPTER 207 - Lens-Associated Glaucomas
CHAPTER 208 - Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome
CHAPTER 209 - Ocular Tumors and Glaucoma
CHAPTER 210 - Corticosteroid-Induced Glaucoma
CHAPTER 211 - Glaucoma Associated With Increased Episcleral Venous Pressure
CHAPTER 212 - Glaucoma Secondary to Anterior Segment Surgery
CHAPTER 213 - Neovascular Glaucoma
CHAPTER 214 - Nanophthalmos: Guidelines for Diagnosis and Therapy
CHAPTER 215 - Penetrating Keratoplasty and Glaucoma
CHAPTER 216 - Glaucoma Associated with Disorders of the Retina, Vitreous, and Choroid
CHAPTER 217 - Medical Management of Glaucoma
CHAPTER 218 - Laser Trabeculoplasty for Open-Angle Glaucoma
CHAPTER 219 - Laser and Surgery Treatment of Angle-Closure Glaucoma
CHAPTER 220 - Glaucoma Filtration Surgery: Indications, Techniques, and Complications
CHAPTER 221 - Nonpenetrating Glaucoma Surgery: Indications, Techniques, Complications, and Results
CHAPTER 222 - Management of Glaucoma and Cataract
CHAPTER 223 - Glaucoma Drainage Implants
CHAPTER 224 - Cycloablation

VOLUME 3

SECTION 12 - OCULOPLASTICS

CHAPTER 225 - Basic Anatomy of the Orbit
CHAPTER 226 - Introduction to Orbital Diseases
CHAPTER 227 - The Approach to Orbital Surgery
CHAPTER 228 - Cystic Lesions of the Orbit
CHAPTER 229 - Pathophysiology of Graves' Orbitopathy
CHAPTER 230 - Management of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
CHAPTER 231 - Noninfectious Orbital Inflammations
CHAPTER 232 - Infectious Processes of the Orbit
CHAPTER 233 - Epithelial Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland
CHAPTER 234 - Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland and Sac
CHAPTER 235 - Vascular Anomalies of the Eyelid and Orbit
CHAPTER 236 - Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors of the Orbit
CHAPTER 237 - Orbital and Ocular Adnexal Lymphoid Tumors
CHAPTER 238 - Other Lymphocytic Disease Processes
CHAPTER 239 - Metastatic and Secondary Orbital Tumors
CHAPTER 240 - Miscellaneous Rare Tumors and Disorders Involving the Orbit
CHAPTER 241 - Benign Histiocytic Disorders of the Orbit
CHAPTER 242 - Mesenchymal, Fibroosseous, and Cartilaginous Orbital Tumors
CHAPTER 243 - Anatomy of the Eyelids, Eyebrow, Midface, and Lacrimal Drainage System
CHAPTER 244 - Congenital Eyelid Anomalies
CHAPTER 245 - Eyelid Infections
CHAPTER 246 - Benign Epithelial Tumors
CHAPTER 247 - Periocular Dermatology
CHAPTER 248 - Mohs' Surgery for Eyelid Malignancies
CHAPTER 249 - Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Eyelid
CHAPTER 250 - Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Eyelids
CHAPTER 251 - Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
CHAPTER 252 - Eyelid and Periorbital Reconstruction
CHAPTER 253 - Eyelid Tumors of Apocrine, Eccrine, and Pilar Origins
CHAPTER 254 - Melanocytic Lesions of the Eyelid and Ocular Adnexa
CHAPTER 255 - Unusual Eyelid Tumors
CHAPTER 256 - Upper Eyelid Malpositions: Congenital Ptosis
CHAPTER 257 - Acquired Ptosis
CHAPTER 258 - Upper Eyelid Malpositions: Retraction, Ectropion, and Entropion
CHAPTER 259 - Lower Eyelid Malpositions
CHAPTER 260 - Disorders of the Eyelashes and Eyebrows
CHAPTER 261 - Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm
CHAPTER 262 - Upper Blepharoplasty
CHAPTER 263 - Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty and Midface Elevation Surgery
CHAPTER 264 - Ablative CO2 Laser Skin Resurfacing
CHAPTER 265 - Evaluation of the Tearing Patient
CHAPTER 266 - Lacrimal Drainage System Surgery
CHAPTER 267 - Enucleation, Evisceration, and Exenteration
CHAPTER 268 - Assessment and Management of the Eyebrow

SECTION 13 - OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY

CHAPTER 269 - Principles of Pathology
CHAPTER 270 - Conjunctival and Corneal Pathology
CHAPTER 271 - Pathology of the Uveal Tract
CHAPTER 272 - Pathology of the Lens
CHAPTER 273 - Pathology of the Retina and Vitreous
CHAPTER 274 - Pathology of Glaucoma
CHAPTER 275 - Pathology of the Lids
CHAPTER 276 - Orbital Pathology
CHAPTER 277 - Pathology of the Optic Nerve

SECTION 14 - NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

CHAPTER 278 - Clinical Examination
CHAPTER 279 - Examination of the Visual Field
CHAPTER 280 - Neuroophthalmologic Disease of the Retina
CHAPTER 281 - Optic Atrophy and Papilledema
CHAPTER 282 - Optic Neuritis
CHAPTER 283 - The Ischemic Optic Neuropathies
CHAPTER 284 - Tumors of the Anterior Visual Pathways
CHAPTER 285 - Hereditary Optic Neuropathies
CHAPTER 286 - Infectious, Inflammatory, Toxic and Other Optic Neuropathies
CHAPTER 287 - Chiasmal Disorders
CHAPTER 288 - Retrochiasmal Disorders
CHAPTER 289 - Neurovascular Neuroophthalmology
CHAPTER 290 - Primary Headache Disorders with Ophthalmic Features
CHAPTER 291 - Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
CHAPTER 292 - Nonorganic Visual Disorders
CHAPTER 293 - The Pupils and Accommodation
CHAPTER 294 - Diseases of the Ocular Muscles
CHAPTER 295 - Myasthenia
CHAPTER 296 - Third-, Fourth-, and Sixth-Nerve Lesions and the Cavernous Sinus
CHAPTER 297 - Central Eye Movement Disorders

VOLUME 4

SECTION 15 - PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY

CHAPTER 298 - The Pediatric Eye Examination
CHAPTER 299 - Refractive Errors in Children
CHAPTER 300 - Amblyopia
CHAPTER 301 - Infections of the Eye and Adnexa in Children
CHAPTER 302 - Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Eye, Orbit, and Ocular Adnexa
CHAPTER 303 - Pediatric Ptosis
CHAPTER 304 - Lacrimal System Abnormalities
CHAPTER 305 - Pediatric Glaucomas
CHAPTER 306 - Congenital and Childhood Cataracts
CHAPTER 307 - Visual Impairment in Infants and Young Children
CHAPTER 308 - Retinal Lesions Presenting in Childhood
CHAPTER 309 - Retinopathy of Prematurity
CHAPTER 310 - Ocular Trauma in Infancy and Childhood
CHAPTER 311 - Congenital Optic Nerve Anomalies
CHAPTER 312 - Nystagmus and Nystagmoid Eye Movements
CHAPTER 313 - Learning Disorders and Vision Therapy
CHAPTER 314 - Clinical Evaluation of Strabismus
CHAPTER 315 - Genetics of Strabismus
CHAPTER 316 - Imaging and Strabismus
CHAPTER 317 - Comitant Strabismus
CHAPTER 318 - Complex or Incomitant Strabismus
CHAPTER 319 - Treatment of Diplopia and Strabismus

SECTION 16 - THE EYE AND SYSTEMIC DISEASE

CHAPTER 320 - Hypertension and Its Ocular Manifestations
CHAPTER 321 - Diabetes Mellitus
CHAPTER 322 - Childhood Arthritis and Anterior Uveitis
CHAPTER 323 - Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis
CHAPTER 324 - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
CHAPTER 325 - Giant Cell Arteritis
CHAPTER 326 - Wegener's Granulomatosis
CHAPTER 327 - Scleroderma
CHAPTER 328 - Adamantiades–Behcet's Disease
CHAPTER 329 - Systemic Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
CHAPTER 330 - Osseous and Musculoskeletal Disorders
CHAPTER 331 - Amyloidosis and the Eye
CHAPTER 332 - Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Disorders
CHAPTER 333 - Oculorenal Syndromes
CHAPTER 334 - Ophthalmic Manifestations of Some Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
CHAPTER 335 - Nutritional Blindness
CHAPTER 336 - Pregnancy and the Eye
CHAPTER 337 - The Eye in Aging
CHAPTER 338 - Systemic Bacterial Infections and the Eye
CHAPTER 339 - Mycobacterial Diseases: Tuberculosis and Leprosy
CHAPTER 340 - Systemic Viral Infections and the Eye
CHAPTER 341 - AIDS and Its Ophthalmic Manifestations
CHAPTER 342 - Fungal Infections and the Eye
CHAPTER 343 - Systemic Parasitic Infections and the Eye
CHAPTER 344 - Spirochetal Infections and the Eye
CHAPTER 345 - Chlamydial Disease
CHAPTER 346 - Hematologic Disorders
CHAPTER 347 - Graft versus Host Disease
CHAPTER 348 - Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitides

SECTION 17 - OCULAR ONCOLOGY

CHAPTER 349 - Pigmented Tumors of the Iris
CHAPTER 350 - Diagnosis of Choroidal Melanoma
CHAPTER 351 - Charged Particle Irradiation of Uveal Melanoma
CHAPTER 352 - Brachytherapy for Posterior Uveal Malignant Melanoma
CHAPTER 353 - Surgical Resection of Uveal Melanoma
CHAPTER 354 - Enucleation for Uveal Melanoma
CHAPTER 355 - Genetics of Uveal Melanoma
CHAPTER 356 - Melanocytomas
CHAPTER 357 - Choroidal Metastasis
CHAPTER 358 - Leukemias
CHAPTER 359 - Intraocular Lymphoma
CHAPTER 360 - Choroidal Nevus and Melanocytoma
CHAPTER 361 - Tumors of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
CHAPTER 362 - Choroidal Hemangiomas
CHAPTER 363 - Choroidal Osteoma
CHAPTER 364 - Tumor Involvement of the Vitreous
CHAPTER 365 - Ophthalmological Manifestations of Systemic Neoplasia and Its Treatment
CHAPTER 366 - The Phakomatoses
CHAPTER 367 - Assessment of Risk for Hereditary Retinoblastoma
CHAPTER 368 - Second Primary Neoplasms in Retinoblastoma: Effect of Gene and Environment
CHAPTER 369 - Staging and Grouping of Retinoblastoma
CHAPTER 370 - Current Management of Retinoblastoma
CHAPTER 371 - Genetic Progression from Retina to Retinoblastoma

SECTION 18 - TRAUMA

CHAPTER 372 - Overview of Ocular Trauma
CHAPTER 373 - Evaluation and Initial Management of Patients with Ocular and Adnexal Trauma
CHAPTER 374 - Anterior Segment Trauma
CHAPTER 375 - Penetrating Posterior Segment Trauma
CHAPTER 376 - Nonpenetrating Posterior Segment Trauma
CHAPTER 377 - Intraocular Foreign Bodies
CHAPTER 378 - Sports Injuries
CHAPTER 379 - Epidemiology and Prevention of Ocular Trauma
CHAPTER 380 - Neuroophthalmologic Manifestations of Trauma
CHAPTER 381 - Penetrating Eyelid and Orbital Trauma
CHAPTER 382 - Structural Injuries of the Orbit
CHAPTER 383 - Late Management of Orbital Deformities
CHAPTER 384 - Managing the Child with an Ocular or Orbital Injury

SECTION 19 - OPTICS

CHAPTER 385 - Physical Optics for Clinicians
CHAPTER 386 - Geometric Optics
CHAPTER 387 - Optics of the Eye
CHAPTER 388 - Objective Determination of Refractive Error
CHAPTER 389 - Optical Instruments Used to Examine the Eye
CHAPTER 390 - Prescription of Spectacles
CHAPTER 391 - Prescribing Prisms
CHAPTER 392 - Contact Lenses
CHAPTER 393 - Optics of Intraocular Lenses

SECTION 20 - LOW VISION

CHAPTER 394 - Low Vision, Vision Disability, and Blindness
CHAPTER 395 - Visual System Disorders and Low Vision Rehabilitation
CHAPTER 396 - Quantifying Vision Disability
CHAPTER 397 - Psychiatric and Psychosocial Factors in Low Vision Rehabilitation
CHAPTER 398 - Rehabilitation Medicine Model for Low Vision Rehabilitation
CHAPTER 399 - Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Low Vision: Entr�e into Vision Rehabilitation
CHAPTER 400 - Central Scotomas and Preferred Retinal Loci
CHAPTER 401 - Driving with Low Vision: Who, Where, When, and Why
CHAPTER 402 - Computer Technology Assistance for the Low Vision Patient
CHAPTER 403 - Conclusion: The Role of the Ophthalmologist in Low-Vision Rehabilitation – Help When There Is No Cure

SECTION 21 - ETHICS AND PROFESSIONALISM

CHAPTER 404 - Professionalism in Medicine
CHAPTER 405 - The Ethical Ophthalmologist
CHAPTER 406 - Teaching Professionalism and Ethics in Ophthalmology
CHAPTER 407 - Informed Consent
CHAPTER 408 - Learning Surgery – An Ethical Perspective
CHAPTER 409 - Ophthalmic Co-Management
CHAPTER 410 - Ethics in Marketing a Medical Practice
CHAPTER 411 - Commercial Relationships
CHAPTER 412 - Ethics of Expert Witness Testimony
CHAPTER 413 - Complementary and Alternative Therapy
CHAPTER 414 - Ethics and Professionalism Online: The Internet, E-Mail, and Ethical Practice
CHAPTER 415 - Ethical Issues in Clinical Research
CHAPTER 416 - The American Academy of Ophthalmology Code of Ethics
CHAPTER 417 - Source Documents for Medical Ethics

About the Authors

Daniel M. Albert, MD MS, Chair Emeritus, F. A. Davis Professor and Lorenz F. Zimmerman Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Retina Research Foundation Emmett A. Humble Distinguished Director, of the Alice R. McPherson, MD, Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Joan W. Miller, MD, Henry Willard Williams Professor of Ophthalmology, Chief and Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Product Details

Hardcover: 5502 pages
Publisher: Saunders; 3 edition (January 29, 2008)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 141600016X
ISBN-13: 978-1416000167
Product Dimensions: 12.7 x 9.1 x 8.2 inches

List Price: $915.00

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology 3rd Edition (Expert Consult Series) 4 Volume Set

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