Oligemic shock
- Hemorrhage
- Volume depletion (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, diuretic over-usage, ketoacidosis)
- Internal sequestration (ascites, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction)
Cardiogenic shock
- Myopathic (acute MI, dilated cardiomyopathy)
- Mechanical (acute mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal defect, severe aortic stenosis)
- Arrhythmic
Extracardiac obstructive shock
- Pericardial tamponade
- Massive pulmonary embolism
- Tension pneumothorax
Distributive shock (profound decrease in systemic vascular tone)
- Sepsis
- Toxic overdoses
- Anaphylaxis
- Neurogenic (e.g., spinal cord injury)
- Endocrinologic (Addison’s disease, myxedema)
References :
Harrison's Manual of Medicine 17th Edition (McGraw-Hill) 2009