In the United States, colorectal cancer ranks as the third most common cancer in both incidence and death for both men and women. In 2009, an estimated 146,970 new patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and 49,920 colorectal cancer-related deaths occurred. Worldwide, colorectal cancer has an estimated incidence of 1.02 million cases, making it the third most common cancer. The highest incidences of colorectal cancer have been reported in North America, Australia/New Zealand, and Western Europe, with the lowest incidence in parts of Africa and Asia.
Recent advances have made the future of colorectal cancer patients more promising. Colorectal cancer is considered to be a disease that goes in a stepwise progression from normal colon to adenoma and then to invasive cancer. Knowledge of this stepwise progression presents an opportunity to intervene and identify preinvasive lesions using endoscopic techniques and population-wide screening. The introduction of widespread screening in the United States occurred in the 1970s and 1980s, when researchers demonstrated the feasibility of testing for occult blood in stool and initiated randomized clinical trials. In 1985, the diagnosis of colon cancer in President Ronald Reagan led to increased public awareness of this disease. Finally, the introduction of Medicare reimbursement for all individuals in 2001 led not only to improvements in adherence to screening guidelines but also to increased likelihood of diagnosing the cancer at an early stage.
This volume on Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Colorectal Cancer is meant as an introduction to the current understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment options for colorectal cancer. Like the rest of this series, this book is designed to provide up-to-date information regarding safe and effective methods to reach a diagnosis, obtain accurate clinical staging of the disease, and choose the best method of treatment.
Included in this volume are discussions of hereditary colon cancer syndromes, indications for genetic screening, and potential chemoprevention methods. Since the stage of diagnosis is the most significant predictor of outcome, the book includes several chapters on screening techniques for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The book is also designed to guide the reader in formulating a logical, step-by-step treatment or patient care plan. Each chapter regarding treatment is comprehensive and timely, and key points emphasize the important aspects of each individual step in the process.
We thank the contributors—all leaders in their respective fields—for their dedication and tireless efforts in putting together this volume. We hope that the book will serve as an important resource guide for health care providers who strive to improve the lives of patients with both early and advanced stages of colorectal cancer. Finally, this volume is dedicated to all our patients with colorectal cancer who continue to inspire us to seek a cure.
-- Susan L. Gearhart, MD, and Nita Ahuja, MD
Key Features
- Outlines the steps after diagnosis to guide you through formulating a treatment or patient care plan.
- Emphasizes important points---such as risk-adjusted screening for staging and the use of promising new gene therapies---with "key points" boxes at the beginning of each chapter and pedagogic features throughout.
- Summarizes the process of accurately diagnosing and staging cancer in a logical, almost algorithmic, approach for easy reference.
- Complements the procedures outlined in the text with full-color photographs and line drawings to reinforce your understanding of the material.
- Features a CD-ROM showing video clips of diagnostic procedures, as well as all of the images, tables, and drawings from the text to help you better manage your patients.
Website Features
- Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
- Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
- Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
- Videos: View video clips illustrating a variety of conditions.
Contents
Chapter 1 - Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Colorectal Cancer
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors
- Mortality
- Economic Burden of Disease
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 2 - Presentation and Initial Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer
- Presentation
- Initial Evaluation
Chapter 3 - Hereditary Colorectal Cancer and Polyp Syndromes
- Introduction
- Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
- Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
- MYH-Associated Polyposis
- APC I1307K Mutation
- Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
- Familial/Juvenile Polyposis Coli
- Cowden Syndrome
- Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome (Bannayan-Zonana Syndrome)
- Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Chapter 4 - Genetic Screening
- Introduction
- Proper Use of Clinical Genetic Testing
- The Genetic Counseling Process
- Genetic Testing for Colorectal Cancer Syndromes
- Genetic Testing for Juvenile Polyposis
Chapter 5 - Behavior and Dietary Modification in the Prevention of Colon Cancer
- Introduction
- Macronutrients
- Vitamins and Micronutrients
- Lifestyle
Chapter 6 - Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer
- Introduction
- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
- Ursodeoxycholic Acid
- Hormones
- Minerals and Vitamins
- Curcumin
- Diet and Exercise
Chapter 7 - Fecal Occult Blood Test
- Introduction
- Types of Fecal Occult Blood Tests
- General Advantages and Disadvantages of Fecal Occult Blood Tests
- Specific Characteristics of the g-FOBT and FIT
Chapter 8 - Colonoscopy and Flexible Sigmoidoscopy in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance
- Introduction
- Indications for Screening
- Findings on Endoscopic Evaluation
- Screening and Surveillance Tools
- Current Recommendations
- Special Populations
- New Directions
Chapter 9 - Stool and Blood Sampling for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
- Introduction
- Screening Blood
- Screening Stool
Chapter 10 - Radiologic Techniques: Virtual Colonoscopy
- Introduction
- Principles and Supporting Literature
- Technique
- Interpretation Strategies
- Reporting
- Current Controversies
- Reimbursement Issues
- Future Directions
Chapter 11 - Preoperative Evaluation
- Preoperative Preparation
- Specific Medical Considerations
- Postoperative Analgesia
Chapter 12 - Limited Resection: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes of Transanal Excision and Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery
- Introduction
- Long-term Outcomes After Local Excision
- Patient Selection
- Operative Techniques
- Radical Resection Immediately After Local Excision
- Follow-up and Salvage Therapy After Local Excision
Chapter 13 - Endoscopic Techniques in Colorectal Neoplasia
- Introduction
- Endoscopic Resection
- Colorectal Self-Expandable Metal Stents
Chapter 14 - Open Surgical Techniques in Colorectal Cancer
- Introduction
- Surgical Oncologic Principles: Historical Perspective
- Oncologic Principles for Bowel Resection and Margins
- Staging the Extent of Cancer Resection
- Lymphadenectomy
- Colon
- Rectum
Chapter 15 - Systemic Therapy for Colon Cancer
- Introduction
- Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
- Duration of Therapy
- Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
- Future Directions
Chapter 16 - Radiation Therapy for Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: External Beam and Intraoperative Radiation Therapy
- Background
- External Beam Radiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer
- Intraoperative Radiation Therapy: Overview
- HDR-IORT for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
- Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer
- Re-irradiation
- IORT Toxicity
- Functional Outcome and Quality of Life
- Role of Adjuvant EBRT in Locally Advanced Colon Cancer
- Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter 17 - Surveillance and Follow-up
- Introduction
- Overview of Prospective Evidence
- Frequency and Duration
- History and Physical Examination
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen Testing
- Computed Tomography
- Colonoscopy
- Positron Emission Tomography
Chapter 18 - Clinical Trials: Why Participate?
- Introduction
- Types of Clinical Trials
- Phases of a Clinical Trial
- Clinical Trial Designs
- Participation in a Clinical Trial
- Multicenter Clinical Trial
Chapter 19 - Vaccines and Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- Immunotherapy—An Overview
- Immunotherapy and Metastases
- Conclusion
Chapter 20 - Genetic Profiling in Colorectal Cancer
- Introduction
- Types of Genetic Profiling
- Practical Issues in Genetic Profiling
- Future Directions
Chapter 21 - Coping with Colorectal Cancer
- Introduction
- Physical and Psychosocial Aspects of Colorectal Cancer
- Perspective and Concerns of the Patient
- Types of Cancer Support Resources
- Other Considerations After a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
- Late Effects versus Long-Term Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
- What Is It Like to Be a Cancer Survivor?
- The Caregiver's Perspective
Chapter 22 - Conclusion
About the Authors
- Susan L. Gearhart, MD, Assistant Professor of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Nita Ahuja, MD, Assistant Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Product Details
- Hardcover: 272 pages
- Publisher: Saunders; 1 Har/Psc edition (2011)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 1416046860
- ISBN-13: 978-1416046868
- Product Dimensions: 10.4 x 7.5 x 0.7 inches
List Price: $152.00