A period of 15 years elapsed between the appearance of the first and second editions of our textbook. We have produced the third edition in just over a half of this time, but much has happened in the interim. The task of putting together this new edition has proved just as hard as was that of producing the second edition. Apart from one of us, all of the initial editors have now stepped down from the editorial team. Sadly, one of our number, Fergus Macartney, is no longer with us. The new editors take this opportunity to acknowledge his role in getting the first edition off the ground. We also express a huge debt of gratitude to Elliot Shinebourne and Mike Tynan, who are now enjoying richly deserved and fruitful retirements. Our remaining initial editor is also allegedly retired, but still in harness with new appointments at the Medical University of South Carolina and Newcastle University.
As already indicated, much has happened in the field of cardiac disease in the young since the turn of the millennium. All of these changes are reflected in this third edition, which is markedly changed from our second offering. One of the major changes is the geographic representation of the editorial team, with editorial input now provided from Europe, North America and Australasia. To further offer a worldwide perspective, we have invited authors from five continents to contribute their cutting-edge expertise to the new edition.
Readers will note multiple changes in the format of the book, thanks to the suggestions of our publisher. Thankfully, we are now able to include color illustrations throughout the book. The influence of this change on the figures is truly spectacular. Also, the third edition now includes access to the full content of the book via a dedicated Expert Consult website. We have chosen to include the full lists of references exclusively in this web version, closing each of the chapters in the print version with a list of annotated references. In this way, we have been able to condense the contents into a single volume, which we consider a significant advance.
Although we have made these multiple changes, we hope that the overall philosophy and approach of the book is unchanged. As with the previous edition, we have sought to maintain a standard style throughout the text. We hope that the uniformity achieved, along with an avoidance of abbreviations, will make the text appreciably easier to read and assimilate. Some of the revised chapters took some time to be written, but the quality of the chapters made the wait worthwhile. It is our belief that we have produced a truly first-class third edition.
We thank all our contributing authors for their efforts in making this possible. We also thank the editorial and production teams at Elsevier for smoothing the path towards publication, in particular Pamela Hetherington, who laboured beyond the call of duty in her efforts to obtain all the chapters on time. We are also indebted to Linnea Hermanson, production editor, who made correction of the proofs a pleasurable task rather than a chore. We particularly wish to thank Gemma Price, who drew and coloured the majority of the beautiful cartoons that grace our pages. We also express our thanks to our various friends and colleagues who permitted us to use illustrations from various previous collaborative ventures. We have cited their contributions in the legends to the specific figures, hoping that we have not made any omissions. We close this preface to the third edition with the same hopes as expressed for the second edition. It is our belief that this version marks a significant step upwards in the quality of our textbook. We hope that you, the reader, share our own enthusiasm as you make your way through its pages.
-- Robert H. Anderson, Edward J. Baker, Daniel J. Penny, Andrew N. Redington, Michael L. Rigby, Gil Wernovsky
Key Features
- A comprehensive and exhaustive reference of fundamental and clinical aspects of heart disease in infancy and childhood.
- The contributors are well-known experts in the field and the editors are a world class group who have published extensively in the field.
Website Features
- Consult the book from any computer at home, in your office, or at any practice location.
- Instantly locate the answers to your clinical questions via a simple search query.
- Quickly find out more about any bibliographical citation by linking to its MEDLINE abstract.
Contents
SECTION 1 - Structural and Functional Development
Chapter 1 - Terminology
- Basic Concepts Of Sequential Segmental Analysis
- Atrial Arrangement
- Recognition Of Atrial Arrangement
- The Atrioventricular Junctions
- Patterns Of Union Or Non-Union Of The Atrial And Ventricular Chambers
- Arrangements Of The Atrioventricular Valves
- Ventricular Topology And Relationships
- The Ventriculo-Arterial Junctions
- Associated Malformations
- Annotated References
Chapter 2 - Anatomy
- The Heart Within The Chest
- The Valves Of The Heart
- The Fibrous Skeleton
- The Conduction Tissues
- Blood Supply To The Heart
Chapter 3 - Embryology Of The Heart
- Origin Of The Heart Tube
- Formation Of The Cardiac Loop
- The Cardiac Components
- Development Of The Venous Components
- Septation Of The Atrial Chambers
- The Atrioventricular Canal
- Further Development Of The Ventricular Loop
- The Outlet Segment
- Formation Of Valves
- The Conduction System
- Myocardial Vascularisation
- Myocardial Maturation
Chapter 4 - Myocardium And Development
- The Heart
- Regulation Of Cytosolic Calcium
- Development And Regulation Of Cytosolic Calcium
- The Sarcomere
- Development And The Sarcomere
- The Myocytic Cytoskeleton
- Development And The Cytoskeleton
- Development And The Mitochondria
- Myocyte-Myocyte Cytosolic Communication—gap Junctions
- Development And Myocyte-Myocyte Cytosolic Communication
- Extracellular Matrix
- Development And The Extracellular Matrix
- Development, Sympathetic Innervation, And The Adrenoreceptors
Chapter 5 - Physiology Of The Developing Heart
- Embryonic Circulation
- Autonomic Control
- The Biophysical Properties Of Fetal Myocardium
- Protein Components
- Circulatory Physiology In The Normal Human Fetus
- Fetal Developmental Physiology
- Developmental Changes In Systolic Function
- Developmental Changes In Diastolic Function
- Methods For Non-Invasive Functional Assessment Of The Fetal Heart
- Methods For Assessing Vascular Physiology And Volume Of Blood
- Summary
Chapter 6 - Systemic Circulation
- Systemic Arterial System
- Modeling Of Systemic Circulation
- Measures Of Arterial Function
- Systemic Arterial Dysfunction In Childhood
- Ventriculo-Arterial Interaction
- The Future
Chapter 7 - Pulmonary Circulation
- Normal Pulmonary Circulation
- Development Of The Human Pulmonary Vasculature
- Pulmonary Circulation In The Setting Of Congenitally Malformed Hearts
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Acquired Heart Disease
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- Pulmonary Hypertension Of Variable Aetiology
- The Future
Chapter 8 - Prevalence Of Congenital Cardiac Disease
- Definitions
- Ratios, Rates, And Proportions
- Incidence
- Prevalence
- Relevance Of Incidence And Prevalence
- Methodology And Appraisal
- Factors Influencing Estimates Of Prevalence
- Reported Prevalence Of Congenital Heart Disease
Chapter 9 - Aetiology Of Congenital Cardiac Disease
- Epidemiology Of Heart Disease: Genes Versus Environment
- Cardiac Development: Key Concepts
- Chromosomal Disorders
- Syndromes Involving Microdeletions: Single Genes Or More?
- Syndromic Mutations
- Non-Syndromic Mutations
Chapter 10 - Fetal Echocardiography
- Screening With Fetal Echocardiography
- Timing Of Fetal Echocardiography
- Modalities For Imaging
- Congenital Cardiac Lesions At Risk For Progression During Fetal Life
- Postnatal Outcomes
Chapter 11 - Prematurity And Cardiac Disease
The Transitioning Circulation
- Physiology Of The Postnatal Transition
- Regulation Of Myocardial Performance
- Haemodynamic Assessment And Monitoring
- Cardiovascular Problems Unique To The Preterm Infant
- Congenitally Malformed Hearts And Prematurity
- Focused Neonatal Care
SECTION 2 - Special Topics
Chapter 12 - Pharmacological And Interventional Fetal Cardiovascular Treatment
- Fetal Arrhythmias
- Fetal Tachyarrhythmia
- Fetal Thyrotoxicosis
- Immune-Mediated Fetal Atrioventricular Block
- Catheter Intervention For Fetal Structural Cardiac Disease
- Critical Aortic Valvar Stenosis
- Critical Pulmonary Stenosis And Atresia With An Intact Ventricular Septum
- Intact Or Highly Restrictive Atrial Septum Associated With Obstructive Anomalies Of The Left Heart
- Summary
Chapter 13 - Surgical Techniques
- Surgical Approaches To The Heart
- Materials
- Strategies For Cardiopulmonary Bypass And Perfusion
- Conclusions
Chapter 14 - Acute Circulatory Failure: Pharmacologic And Mechanical Support
- The Pathophysiology Of Acute Circulatory Failure
- A Framework For The Management Of Acute Circulatory Failure In Children
- Therapies For Circulatory Failure In Children
Chapter 15 - Chronic Cardiac Failure: Physiology And Treatment
- Basic Concepts In Chronic Cardiac Failure
- The Function Of The Normal And The Failing Heart
- The Cellular Physiology Of The Cardiac Myocyte
- Other Organs And Mediators In Chronic Cardiac Failure
- Treatment Of Chronic Cardiac Failure
- Outcome In Paediatric Cardiac Failure
Chapter 16 - Transplantation Of The Heart, And Heart And Lungs
- Patterns Of Referral And Demographics Of Transplantation Of The Heart During Childhood
- Outcomes
- Indications And Contraindications To Transplantation
- Special Considerations
- Management Of The Donor And Recipient
- Immunosuppression
- Monitoring And Surveillance After Transplantation
- Transplantation Of The Heart And Lungs
- Future Directions
Chapter 17 - Interventional Techniques
- Historical Background
- Principles Of Catheterisation
- Interventional Catheterisation Procedures
- Intracardiac Interventions
- Extracardiac Interventions
- Interventions On Surgical And Other Naturally Occurring Abnormal Pathways
- Hybrid Procedures: Collaboration Between The Surgeon And The Interventionist
- Complications Of Interventional Catheterisation
Chapter 18A - Cross Sectional Echocardiographic And Doppler Imaging
- Physical Principles Of Ultrasonic Imaging
- Equipment
- Storage And Reporting Of The Images Created
- Normal Cardiac Anatomy
- Special Uses Of Echocardiography
- Application Of The Bernoulli Equation In Clinical Practice
- Summary
Chapter 18B - Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
- Advances In Technology
- Clinical Applications In Patients With Congenitally Malformed Hearts
- Future Directions
- Summary
Chapter 18C - Imaging And Functional Assessment By Novel Echocardiographic Techniques
- Basic Principles
- Experimental And Clinical Validation Of Myocardial Doppler And Speckle Tracking
- Normal Cardiac Function Assessed By Myocardial Doppler And Two-Dimensional Strain
- Acquisition Of Myocardial Doppler And Speckle Tracking Data For Later Analysis
- Clinical Use Of Myocardial Doppler Echocardiography And Two-Dimensional Strain
- Future Developments
Chapter 18D - Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Computed Tomography
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Computed Tomography
- Future Perspectives
Chapter 19 - Electrophysiology, Pacing, And Devices
- Electrophysiology And Catheter Ablation
- Radio-Frequency Ablation And Cryoablation
- Arrhythmias
- Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes
- Miscellaneous Arrhythmias
- Electrophysiology Laboratory
- Pacing And Devices
- Pacemaker Function
- Implantation Considerations
- Pacemaker Follow-Up
- Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
- Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy
- Anti-Tachycardia Pacing
- Summary
Chapter 20 - Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing
- Basic Exercise Physiology
- Cellular Metabolism
- The Heart And Lung As Service Organs
- Distribution Of Blood Flow
- Surrogates Of Cardiac Output
- Oxygen Pulse
- Pulmonary Response To Exercise
- Laboratory Requirements
- Equipment
- Indications For Exercise Testing
- Data Obtained During Exercise Testing
- Contraindications And Reasons To Terminate Exercise Tests
- Conditions Where Exercise Testing Is Of Value
Chapter 21 - Description And Analysis Of Data, And Critical Appraisal Of The Literature
- Measurement And Description Of Data
- Analysis Of Data
- Critical Appraisal Of The Literature
- Annotated References
- Internet-Based Resources
Section 3 - Specific Lesions
Chapter 22 - Isomerism Of The Atrial Appendages
- Historical Notes And Definitions
- Anatomy
- Extracardiac Anomalies
- Isomerism And Conjoined Twinning
- Morphogenesis
- Incidence
- Aetiology
- Clinical Findings
- Investigations
- Management
- Prognosis
Chapter 23 - Anomalous Systemic Venous Return
- Morphogenesis Of The Systemic Venous System
- Classification Of Systemic Venous Anomalies
Chapter 24 - Pulmonary Venous Abnormalities
- Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
- Atresia Of The Common Pulmonary Vein
- Unilateral Pulmonary Venous Atresia
- Partially Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
- Anomalous Pulmonary-To-Systemic Collateral Veins And The Laevoatrial Cardinal Vein
- Stenosis Or Atresia Of Individual Pulmonary Veins
- Pulmonary Varix
Chapter 25 - Interatrial Communications
- Incidence
- Aetiology
- Morphology And Classification
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Findings
- Investigations
- Diagnosis
- Course And Prognosis
- Management
Chapter 26 - Division Of Atrial Chambers
- Divided Morphologically Left Atrium
- Divided Morphologically Right Atrium
Chapter 27 - Atrioventricular Septal Defects
- Prevalence And Aetiology
- Anatomy
- Morphogenesis
- Pathophysiology
- Presentation And Symptomatology
- Clinical Findings
- Investigations
- Natural History
- Treatment
Chapter 28 - Ventricular Septal Defect
- Prevalence
- Morphology And Morphogenesis
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Investigations
- Diagnosis
- Course And Prognosis
- Management
Chapter 29 - Hypoplasia Of The Left Heart
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology
- Anatomy
- Natural History
- The Transitional Circulation
- Clinical Presentation And Pre-Operative Stabilisation
- Pre-Operative Evaluation
- Therapeutic Options And Post-Operative Care
- Evolution Of Surgical Therapy
- First Stage Of Reconstruction
- Infant Cardiac Transplantation
- Transplantation Versus Staged Reconstruction
- Combined Surgical And Transcatheter, Or Hybrid, Palliation
- Routine Acute Post-Operative Management
- Identification And Management Of Common Problems
- Subacute/stepdown Management
Chapter 30 - Hypoplasia Of The Right Ventricle
- Genetics, Embryogenesis And Incidence
- Morphogenesis And Aetiology
- Morphology
- Clinical Diagnosis
- Physical Findings
- Investigations
- Haemodynamics And Physiology
- Therapeutic Options
- Long-Term Outcome
Chapter 31 - Other Forms Of Functionally Univentricular Hearts
- Philosophical Considerations
- Morphology
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Findings
- Investigations
- Management
Chapter 32 - The Principles Of Management, And Outcomes For, Patients With Functionally Univentricular Hearts
- Natural History Of Patients With Functionally Univentricular Hearts
- Early Palliative Approaches—the Pre-Fontan Era
- From Glenn To Fontan, And Contemporary Strategies For Management
- The Physiology Of The Fontan Circulation And Its Failure
- Complications Of The Fontan Circulation And Their Management
- Conclusions
Chapter 33 - Straddling Atrioventricular Valves
- Definitions
- Incidence And Aetiology
- Morphology And Diagnosis
- Therapeutic Options
- Morphogenesis
Chapter 34 - Diseases Of The Tricuspid Valve
- Naming Of The Tricuspid Valvar Apparatus
- Ebstein’s Malformation
- Pathophysiology And Clinical Aspects Of Ebstein’s Malformation
- Clinical Course And Treatment Of Patients With Ebstein’s Malformation
- Other Tricuspid Valvar Abnormalities
Chapter 35 - Anomalies Of The Morphologically Mitral Valve
- Morphology
- Development Of The Morphologically Mitral Valve
- Incidence And Aetiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Presentation And Symptomatology
- Pure Mitral Insufficiency
- Investigations
- Differential Diagnosis
- Course And Prognosis
- Management
- Mitral Valvar Prolapse
Chapter 36 - Tetralogy Of Fallot With Pulmonary Stenosis
- Incidence, Prevalence, And Aetiology
- Anatomy And Morphogenesis
- Recommendations For Long-Term Follow-Up
Chapter 37 - Tetralogy With Pulmonary Atresia
- Prevalence And Aetiology
- Morphology
- Morphogenesis
- Pathophysiology
- Presentation
- Clinical Findings
- Diagnosis
- Investigations
- Natural History
- Management
Chapter 38 - Transposition
- Historical Background
- Prevalence And Aetiology
- Anatomy And Morphogenesis
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Diagnosis
- Medical Management Of Neonates
- Surgical Management
- Surgical Outcomes
- Recommendations For Long-Term Follow-Up
Chapter 39 - Congenitally Corrected Transposition
- Anatomy And Morphogenesis
- Incidence And Aetiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Investigations
- Management
Chapter 40 - Double Outlet Ventricle
- History
- Prevalence
- Morphology And Classification
- Morphogenesis
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Findings
- Differential Diagnosis
- Management
- Surgery
Chapter 41 - Common Arterial Trunk
- Incidence
- Anatomy
- Aetiology And Morphogenesis
- Diagnostic Features
- Electrocardiography
- Radiologic Features
- Echocardiography
- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Cardiac Catheterisation And Angiocardiography
- Surgical Treatment
- Outcomes After Surgery
- Recommendations For Long-Term Follow-Up
Chapter 42 - The Arterial Duct: Its Persistence And Its Patency
- Historical Considerations
- Nomenclature
- The Normal Fetal Circulation
- Embryology And Pathogenesis
- Anatomy
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Natural History
- Complications
- Treatment
- Patency Of The Arterial Duct In The Premature Infant
Chapter 43 - Pulmonary Stenosis
- Genetics, Embryogenesis And Incidence
- Morphology
- Clinical Diagnosis
- Haemodynamics And Physiology
- Natural History
- Therapeutic Options
- Outcomes Of Intervention
- Recommendations For Long-Term Follow-Up
- Implications In Adult Life
Chapter 44 - Congenital Anomalies Of The Aortic Valve And Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
- Morphology
- Valvar Aortic Stenosis
- Aortic Valvar Disease In The Older Child
- Aortic Regurgitation
- Aortic–left Ventricular Tunnel
- Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis
- Subvalvar Aortic Stenosis
Chapter 45 - Congenital Anomalies Of The Coronary Arteries
- Incidence And Prevalence
- Morphology
- Morphogenesis
- Origin Of The Left Coronary Artery From The Pulmonary Trunk
- Origin Of The Right Coronary Artery From The Pulmonary Trunk
- Anomalous Origin Of A Coronary Artery From The Opposite Sinus Of Valsalva
- Other Anomalies And Variations Of Origin And Course Of The Coronary Arteries
Chapter 46 - Aortic Coarctation And Interrupted Aortic Arch
- Historical Considerations
- Prevalence And Aetiology
- Morphology
- Course And Prognosis
- Management
- Strategies For Surgical Treatment
- Early Complications
- Late Complications
Chapter 47 - Vascular Rings, Pulmonary Artery Sling, And Related Conditions
- Anomalies Of The Aortic Arch
- Pulmonary Arterial Sling
Chapter 48 - Abnormal Positions And Relationships Of The Heart
- Exteriorisation Of The Heart (Ectopia Cordis)
- Congenital Deficiency Of The Pericardium
- Conjoined Twins
- Abnormal Positioning Of The Heart
- Juxtaposition Of The Atrial Appendages
- Criss-Cross Or Twisted Hearts, Supero-Inferior Ventricles, And Related Conditions
Chapter 49 - Cardiomyopathies
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Myocarditis
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
- Unclassified Cardiomyopathies
Chapter 50 - Arterio-Venous Fistulas And Related Conditions
- Extracardiac Systemic Arterio-Venous Malformations
- Coronary Arterio-Venous Fistulas
- Aorto–left Ventricular Tunnel
- Aneurysms Of The Sinuses Of Valsalva
- Aortopulmonary Window
- Pulmonary Arterio-Venous Malformations
Chapter 51 - Cardiac Tumours
- Clinical Signs And Symptoms
- Physical Examination
- Investigations
- Types Of Tumour
- Surgical Therapy
- Other Treatments
Chapter 52 - Kawasaki Disease
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology And Pathogenesis
- Pathology
- Clinical Diagnosis
- Natural History
- Treatment
- Recommendations For Long-Term Follow-Up
- Implications In Adult Life
SECTION 4 - General Disease
Chapter 53 - Non-Rheumatic Inflammatory Disease Of The Heart
- Myocarditis
- Generalised Autoimmune Myocarditis
- Pericarditis
Chapter 54A - Rheumatic Fever
- Historical Background
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology And Pathogenesis
- Streptococcus And Its Antigens
- The Human Host
- Morphology Of The Acute Cardiac And Extracardiac Lesions
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Investigations
- Management
- Prevention
Chapter 54B - Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease
- Pathogenesis Of Chronic Lesions
- Histologic Features Of Chronic Rheumatic Valvar And Myocardial Lesions
- Valvar Lesions
- Management
Chapter 55 - Infective Endocarditis
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Infective Endocarditis In The Congenitally Malformed Heart
- Microbiology
- Clinical Features
- Infective Endocarditis In The Newborn
- Laboratory Diagnosis
- Imaging Studies
- Diagnostic Criterions
- Medical Management Of Infective Endocarditis
- Prevention Of Infective Endocarditis
Chapter 56 - Pulmonary Vascular Disease
- Classification Of Pulmonary Hypertension
- Pulmonary Hypertensive Diseases
- Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Hypertension
- Interventional And Surgical Therapies
- Pharmacological Agents
- Outlook For The Future
Chapter 57 - Cardiological Aspects Of Systemic Disease
- Metabolic Disorders: Storage Diseases
- Metabolic Disorders: Inherited Endocrine Dysfunction
- Disorders Of Energy Metabolism
- Neuromuscular Diseases
- Deficiencies
- Depositions
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Heart Disease Induced By Toxic Mechanisms
- Miscellaneous Systemic Disorders
Chapter 58 - Systemic Hypertension
- Evaluation Of Blood Pressure: Measurement, Normal Values, And Important Influences
- Measurement of Systemic Blood Pressure
- Ambulatory Measurement of Blood Pressure
- Normal Blood Pressure in Childhood
- Normal Values for Blood Pressure Measured in the Clinic
- Normal Values for Ambulatory Monitoring of Blood Pressure
- White Coat Hypertension and Masked Hypertension
- Variability of Blood Pressure
- Tracking
- Familial Clustering
- Exercise, Traction, and Hypertension
- Obesity and Hypertension
- Hypertension
- Definition
- Classification
- Prevalence
- Causes
- Clinical Features and Complications
- Diagnosis
- Screening
- Hypertension in Infants
- Essential, or Primary, Hypertension
- Renal Hypertension
- Aortic Coarctation
- Endocrine Disorders
- Neurological Disorders
- Miscellaneous Causes of Hypertension
- Medical Therapy
Chapter 59 - Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Infancy And Childhood
- Classical Risk Factors
- Dyslipidaemia
- Hypertension
- Cigarette Smoking
- Genetics/Family History
- Novel Risk Factors
- Infection and Inflammation
- Early Life Programming
- Obesity
- Diabetes
Chapter 60 - Management Of Congenital Heart Disease In Pregnancy
- Impact Of Pregnancy On The Cardiovascular System
- Impact Of Pregnancy On Common Cardiac Diagnostic Tests
- Preconception Counseling And Contraception
- Global And Lesion Specific Risks And Outcomes
- Peripartal Management
- Cardiac Medications And Procedures During Pregnancy
Chapter 61 - Preparing The Young Adult With Complex Congenital Cardiac Disease To Transfer From Paediatric To Adult Care
- The Process Of Transition
- Training Of Practitioners To Provide Services For Transition
Chapter 62 - Psychological And Social Aspects Of Paediatric Cardiac Disease
- The Patient
- A Developmental Approach to the Psychological Stress of Paediatric Cardiac Disease and Its Treatment
- Psychological and Behavioural Outcomes for Children with Cardiac Disease
- Quality of Life
- The Family
- Adjustment and Adaptation
- Effects on Parenting
- Psychological Responses of Parents and Families of Children with Cardiac Disease
- Effects on Siblings
- Meeting the Needs of Families
- When a Child Is Dying
- Social Issues
Chapter 63 - Ethics And Consent
- Communication With Patients And Families
- Consent
- Explaining And Understanding Risk
- Bridging To Transplantation
Chapter 64 - The Central Nervous System In Children And Young Adults With Congenital Cardiac Disease
- Scope Of The Problem In Adults With Congenital Cardiac Disease
- Congenital Cerebral Disease
- Microcephaly
- The Open Operculum
- Periventricular Leucomalacia
- Additional Anatomical Findings at Birth
- Fetal Cerebrovascular Physiology and Delivery of Oxygen
- Peri-Operative Contributors
- Genetic And Environmental Factors
- Current Outcomes In Children And Young Adults Following Repair Of Tetralogy Of Fallot
- Current Outcomes In Children With Transposition
- Current Outcomes In Children Following The Fontan Procedure
- Future Directions
- Conclusions
Chapter 65 - Communication With The Referring Teams Providing Health Care
- Case 1
- Case 2
- Case 3
- How Long Is Too Long?
- The Cardiologist As A Resource Of The Community, And An Advocate For The Patient
- Conclusions
Chapter 66 - Growth And Nutrition
- Malnutrition
- Mechanisms Of Failure To Grow
- Assessment Of Growth Delay
- Nutritional Management
- Obesity And Congenital Cardiac Disease
Chapter 67 - Formulary
About the Editors
- Robert H. Anderson, MD, Emeritus Professor of Pediatric Cardiac Morphology, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Edward J. Baker, MA, MD, FRCP, FRCPCH, Senior Lecturer and Consultant Paediatric Cardiologist, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
- Daniel J. Penny, MD, Director of Cardiology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Andrew N. Redington, MD, Division Head, Department of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Senior Associate Scientist, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Michael L. Rigby, MD, Consultant Paediatric Cardiologist, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
- Gil Wernovsky, MD, Staff Cardiologist, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Director, Program Development, The Cardiac Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Product Details
- Hardcover: 1344 pages
- Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; 3 edition (September 18, 2009)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 0702030643
- ISBN-13: 978-0702030642
- Product Dimensions: 11.1 x 8.8 x 2.3 inches
List Price: $299.00