The goal of the Oxford American Handbook of Urology is to create a concise source of clinical information for medical students and physicians in training. This Handbook primarily presents the nonsurgical aspects of urology—the information needed for making a rapid diagnosis and determining the proper initial treatment course amid the confi nes of a busy clinical practice. It is meant to be a practical pocket reference, not an exhaustive treatise on urology.
As we witness the rapid pace of advancement in urological surgery, it becomes ever more difficult for any urologist to stay current in all areas of our specialty. The Handbook aims to provide the reader with an efficient information source that will be helpful in guiding effective management of our growing population of urological patients.
Contents
1 Significance and preliminary investigation of urological symptoms and signs- Hematuria I: definition and types
- Hematuria II: causes and investigation
- Hematospermia
- Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
- Nocturia and nocturnal polyuria
- Flank pain
- Urinary incontinence in adults
- Genital symptoms
- Abdominal examination in urological disease
- Digital rectal examination (DRE)
- Lumps in the groin
- Lumps in the scrotum
- Urine examination
- Urine cytology
- Prostatic specific antigen (PSA)
- Radiological imaging of the urinary tract
- Uses of plain abdominal radiography (KUB X-ray—kidneys, ureters, bladder)
- Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
- Other urological contrast studies
- Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Radioisotope imaging
- Uroflowmetry
- Post-void residual urine volume measurement
- Cystometry, pressure-flow studies, and videocystometry
- Regulation of prostate growth and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Pathophysiology and causes of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and BPH
- Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO): symptoms and signs
- Diagnostic tests in men with LUTS thought to be due to BPH
- Why do men seek treatment for their symptoms?
- Watchful waiting for uncomplicated BPH
- Medical management of BPH: A-blockers
- Medical management of BPH: 5A-reductase inhibitors
- Medical management of BPH: combination therapy
- Medical management of BPH: alternative drug therapy
- Minimally invasive management of BPH: surgical alternatives to TURP
- Invasive surgical alternatives to TURP
- TURP and open prostatectomy
- Acute urinary retention: definition, pathophysiology, and causes
- Acute urinary retention: initial and definitive management
- Indications for and technique of urethral catheterization
- Indications for and technique of suprapubic catheterization
- Management of nocturia and nocturnal polyuria
- High-pressure chronic retention (HPCR)
- Bladder outlet obstruction and retention in women
- Urethral stricture disease
- Classification
- Causes and pathophysiology
- Evaluation
- Treatment of sphincter weakness incontinence: injection therapy
- Treatment of sphincter weakness incontinence: retropubic suspension
- Treatment of sphincter weakness incontinence: pubovaginal slings
- Treatment of sphincter weakness incontinence: the artificial urinary sphincter
- Overactive bladder: conventional treatment
- Overactive bladder: options for failed conventional therapy
- “Mixed” incontinence
- Post-prostatectomy incontinence
- Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF)
- Incontinence in the elderly patient
- Urinary tract infection: definitions, incidence, and investigations
- Urinary tract infection: microbiology
- Lower urinary tract infection
- Recurrent urinary tract infection
- Urinary tract infection: treatment
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Pyonephrosis and perinephric abscess
- Other forms of pyelonephritis
- Chronic pyelonephritis
- Septicemia and urosepsis
- Fournier gangrene
- Epididymitis and orchitis
- Periurethral abscess
- Prostatitis: epidemiology and classification
- Prostatitis: presentation, evaluation, and treatment
- Other prostate infections
- Interstitial cystitis
- Tuberculosis
- Parasitic infections
- HIV in urological surgery
- Inflammatory and other disorders of the penis
- Pathology and molecular biology
- Prostate cancer: epidemiology and etiology
- Prostate cancer: incidence, prevalence, and mortality
- Prostate cancer pathology: premalignant lesions
- Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate cancer screening
- Counseling before prostate cancer screening
- Prostate cancer: clinical presentation
- PSA and prostate cancer
- PSA derivatives: free-to-total ratio, density, and velocity
- Prostate cancer: transrectal ultrasonography and biopsies
- Prostate cancer staging
- Prostate cancer grading
- Risk stratifi cation in management of prostate cancer
- General principles of management of localized prostate cancer
- Management of localized prostate cancer: watchful waiting and active surveillance
- Management of localized prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy
- Postoperative course after radical prostatectomy
- Prostate cancer control with radical prostatectomy
- Management of localized prostate cancer: radical external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)
- Management of localized prostate cancer: brachytherapy (BT)
- Management of localized and radiorecurrent prostate cancer: cryotherapy and HIFU
- Management of locally advanced nonmetastatic prostate cancer (T3–4 N0M0)
- Management of advanced prostate cancer: hormone therapy I
- Management of advanced prostate cancer: hormone therapy II
- Management of advanced prostate cancer: hormone therapy III
- Management of advanced prostate cancer: androgen-independent/ castration-resistant disease
- Palliative management of prostate cancer
- Prostate cancer: prevention; complementary and alternative therapies
- Bladder cancer: epidemiology and etiology
- Bladder cancer: pathology and staging
- Bladder cancer: presentation
- Bladder cancer: diagnosis and staging
- Management of superfi cial UC: transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)
- Management of superfi cial UC: adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy and BCG
- Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: surgical management of localized (pT2/3a) disease
- Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: radical and palliative radiotherapy
- Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: management of locally advanced and metastatic disease
- Bladder cancer: urinary diversion after cystectomy
- Transitional cell carcinoma (UC) of the renal pelvis and ureter
- Radiological assessment of renal masses
- Benign renal masses
- Renal cell carcinoma: epidemiology and etiology
- Renal cell carcinoma: pathology, staging, and prognosis
- Renal cell carcinoma: presentation and investigations
- Renal cell carcinoma: active surveillance
- Renal cell carcinoma: surgical treatment I
- Renal cell carcinoma: surgical treatment II
- Renal cell carcinoma: management of metastatic disease
- Testicular cancer: epidemiology and etiology
- Testicular cancer: clinical presentation
- Testicular cancer: serum markers
- Testicular cancer: pathology and staging
- Testicular cancer: prognostic staging system for metastatic germ cell cancer
- Testicular cancer: management of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT)
- Testicular cancer: management of seminoma, IGCN, and lymphoma
- Penile neoplasia: benign, viral-related, and premalignant lesions
- Penile cancer: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathology
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: clinical management
- Carcinoma of the scrotum
- Tumors of the testicular adnexa
- Urethral cancer
- Retroperitoneal fibrosis
- Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma
- Cystic renal disease: simple cysts
- Cystic renal disease: calyceal diverticulum
- Cystic renal disease: medullary sponge kidney (MSK)
- Acquired renal cystic disease (ARCD)
- Autosomal dominant (adult) polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
- Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in adults
- Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in adults
- Anomalies of renal ascent and fusion: horseshoe kidney, pelvic kidney, malrotation
- Renal duplications
- Kidney stones: epidemiology
- Kidney stones: types and predisposing factors
- Kidney stones: mechanisms of formation
- Factors predisposing to specific stone types
- Evaluation of the stone former
- Kidney stones: presentation and diagnosis
- Kidney stone treatment options: watchful waiting
- Stone fragmentation techniques: extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL)
- Intracorporeal techniques of stone fragmentation (fragmentation within the body)
- Kidney stone treatment: flexible ureteroscopy and laser treatment
- Kidney stone treatment: percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
- Kidney stones: open stone surgery
- Kidney stones: medical therapy (dissolution therapy)
- Ureteric stones: presentation
- Ureteric stones: diagnostic radiological imaging
- Ureteric stones: acute management
- Ureteric stones: indications for intervention to relieve obstruction and/or remove the stone
- Ureteric stone treatment
- Treatment options for ureteric stones
- Prevention of calcium oxalate stone formation
- Bladder stones
- Management of ureteric stones in pregnancy
- Hydronephrosis
- Management of ureteric strictures (other than UPJ obstruction)
- Pathophysiology of urinary tract obstruction
- Physiology of urine flow from kidneys to bladder
- Ureter innervation
- Renal trauma: classification and grading
- Renal trauma: clinical and radiological assessment
- Renal trauma: treatment
- Ureteral injuries: mechanisms and diagnosis
- Ureteral injuries: management
- Bladder and urethral injuries associated with pelvic fractures
- Bladder injuries
- Posterior urethral injuries in males and urethral injuries in females
- Anterior urethral injuries
- Testicular injuries
- Penile injuries
- Torsion of the testis and testicular appendages
- Paraphimosis
- Malignant ureteral obstruction
- Spinal cord and cauda equina compression
- Male reproductive physiology
- Etiology and evaluation of male infertility
- Lab investigation of male infertility
- Oligospermia and azoospermia
- Varicocele
- Treatment options for male factor infertility
- Physiology of erection and ejaculation
- Impotence: evaluation
- Impotence: treatment
- Retrograde ejaculation
- Peyronie’s disease
- Priapism
- Innervation of the lower urinary tract (LUT)
- Physiology of urine storage and micturition
- Bladder and sphincter behavior in the patient with neurological disease
- The neuropathic lower urinary tract: clinical consequences of storage and emptying problems
- Bladder management techniques for the neuropathic patient
- Catheters and sheaths and the neuropathic patient
- Management of incontinence in the neuropathic patient
- Management of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the neuropathic patient
- Management of hydronephrosis in the neuropathic patient
- Management of autonomic dysrefl exia in the neuropathic patient
- Bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis, in Parkinson disease, after stroke, and in other neurological disease
- Neuromodulation in lower urinary tract dysfunction
- Physiological and anatomical changes in the urinary tract
- Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Hydronephrosis
- Embryology: urinary tract
- Undescended testes
- Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR)
- Ectopic ureter
- Ureterocele
- Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction
- Hypospadias
- Normal sexual differentiation
- Abnormal sexual differentiation
- Cystic kidney disease
- Exstrophy
- Epispadias
- Posterior urethral valves
- Non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction
- Nocturnal enuresis
- Preparation of the patient for urological surgery
- Antibiotic prophylaxis in urological surgery
- Complications of surgery in general: DVT and PE
- Fluid balance and management of shock in the surgical patient
- Patient safety in the operating room
- Transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome
- Catheters and drains in urological surgery
- Guide wires
- Irrigating fluids and techniques of bladder washout
- JJ stents
- Lasers in urological surgery
- Diathermy
- Sterilization of urological equipment
- Telescopes and light sources in urological endoscopy
- Consent: general principles
- Cystoscopy
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
- Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)
- Optical urethrotomy
- Circumcision
- Hydrocele and epididymal cyst removal
- Nesbit procedure
- Vasectomy and vasovasostomy
- Orchiectomy
- Urological incisions
- JJ stent insertion
- Nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy
- Radical prostatectomy
- Radical cystectomy
- Ileal conduit
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
- Ureteroscopes and ureteroscopy
- Pyeloplasty
- Laparoscopic surgery
- Endoscopic cystolitholapaxy and (open) cystolithotomy
- Scrotal exploration for torsion and orchiopexy
- Physiology of bladder and urethra
- Renal anatomy: renal blood flow and renal function
- Renal physiology: regulation of water balance
- Renal physiology: regulation of sodium and potassium excretion
- Renal physiology: acid–base balance
Index
Product Details
- Paperback: 720 pages
- Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 1 edition (Oct 29, 2010)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 0195371399
- ISBN-13: 978-0195371390
- Product Dimensions: 7 x 3.9 x 1.1 inches